NOTE AIFA 2004

 

(REVISIONE DELLE NOTE CUF)

 

 

Premessa

La classificazione dei medicinali autorizzati all’immissione in commercio, per l’individuazione di quelli che possono essere erogati a totale carico del Servizio sanitario nazionale, è stata realizzata con la Legge 24 dicembre 1993, n. 537 e con conseguenti provvedimenti applicativi del Ministero della Salute. La Commissione Unica del Farmaco (CUF) è stata investita del compito e della responsabilità di elaborare i testi di tali provvedimenti applicativi.

Con i provvedimenti «Revisione delle note» del 7 agosto 1998, la CUF  ha riesaminato e modificato la prima edizione delle Note.

Nel corso degli ultimi anni, con vari provvedimenti, le Note sono state ulteriormente modificate e integrate.

Si è reso pertanto necessario procedere a questa terza revisione complessiva delle Note CUF, che ha richiesto un lungo e approfondito lavoro di revisione della letteratura scientifica.

 

Revisione periodica delle «Note CUF»

La revisione periodica delle «Note CUF» ha il duplice obiettivo di adeguare tempestivamente il contenuto delle Note all’evoluzione delle conoscenze – fatti salvi eventuali casi di motivata urgenza che esigano un adeguamento immediato – e di evitare continui aggiornamenti in tempi imprevedibili.

Come più volte precisato, la CUF ribadisce che le «Note» si caratterizzano come strumenti di indirizzo volti a definire, quando opportuno, gli ambiti di rimborsabilità, senza interferire con la libertà di prescrizione. In alcuni casi esse tendono a orientare le scelte terapeutiche a favore di molecole più efficaci e sperimentate, rispetto a medicinali di seconda scelta che presentano un profilo di efficacia e di sicurezza meno definito.

L’elaborazione e la finalità delle «Note» non sono una anomalia nazionale; al contrario, esse sono in linea con la prassi di autorità regolatorie europee e di altri paesi, rivestendo il significato di un indispensabile sostegno ad una corretta attività professionale.

Nel rispetto dei principi sopra esposti la CUF ha proceduto a questa terza revisione completa delle «Note», abolendo quelle non più attuali.

 

Criteri di stesura delle «Note CUF»

I criteri che hanno guidato la stesura delle Note si riferiscono in particolare ai seguenti casi:

a.      quando un farmaco è autorizzato per diverse indicazioni cliniche, di cui solo alcune per patologie rilevanti;

b.      quando il farmaco è finalizzato a prevenire un rischio che è significativo solo per uno o più gruppi di popolazione;

c.      quando il farmaco si presta non solo a usi di efficacia documentata, ma anche a usi impropri.

In ogni caso il contenuto delle note CUF non modifica, né può modificare, le informazioni contenute nella scheda tecnica delle singole specialità medicinali.

Ove viene specificato che la rimborsabilità dei medicinali inclusi nella nota è soggetta alla definizione di una diagnosi e di un piano terapeutico, si intende che quest’ultimo viene trasmesso in copia al medico di medicina generale e al settore farmaceutico della ASL di appartenenza del paziente.

 

Il metodo

Le note si ispirano ai criteri della medicina basata sulle prove di evidenza.

Si fondano cioè sui risultati di sperimentazioni cliniche randomizzate, possibilmente multiple, criticamente esaminate e su una valutazione complessiva dei dati clinico- epidemiologici disponibili.

Il testo “regolatorio” di ogni singola Nota (executive summary) è accompagnato da un testo articolato dove sono riportate le motivazioni e i criteri applicativi delle singole Note e dalle voci bibliografiche essenziali, che hanno scientificamente motivato l’assunzione delle decisioni in merito.

In questa terza revisione delle Note si è posta molta attenzione a semplificare lo stile della redazione e a facilitare l’interpretazione, usando un linguaggio ed una terminologia più strettamente correlate e vicine alla pratica della medicina generale.

 

 

Il percorso

 

Il criterio ispiratore del percorso seguito è stato quello di creare un clima di condivisione scientifica e culturale del «sistema Note», capace di favorire una ragionata flessibilità d’uso delle note stesse e di evitare contrasti e rigidità applicative che potrebbero tradursi in disagi e inconvenienti per i pazienti.

Il percorso adottato è stato il seguente:

      1.            incontri propedeutici alla revisione con le organizzazioni professionali più rappresentative (Ordine dei medici e componenti mediche di medicina generale e ospedaliere, farmacisti privati e ospedalieri), finalizzati ad un confronto approfondito sulle questioni di carattere generale;

      2.            incontro propedeutico alla revisione con i rappresentanti di Farmindustria finalizzato all’approfondimento di questioni generali e al tema dell’informazione sui farmaci;

      3.            presentazione e discussione del documento elaborato dalla CUF «Revisione delle Note» con tutti i rappresentanti delle associazioni e delle istituzioni sopra indicate, prima della adozione del provvedimento definitivo.

 

Le novità

La revisione delle note CUF ha assunto nel tempo una modificazione sia scientifica che culturale.

Originariamente pensate come strumento di governo della spesa, le note sono progressivamente diventate strumento per assicurare la appropriatezza di impiego dei farmaci e per migliorare le strategie assistenziali.

L’attuale revisione delle note apre una “Terza fase” nel senso che alcune Note vengono collegate a progetti di ricerca di “outcome – research”, legando quindi assistenza e ricerca per fare in modo che la pratica di medicina generale diventi parte strutturale del processo regolatorio.

L’esempio più emblematico di tale cambiamento è rappresentata dalla Nota 13 che introduce il criterio della adozione delle carte di rischio cardiovascolare ai fini della rimborsabilità dei farmaci, con l’obiettivo di individuare il rischio cardiovascolare assoluto in ogni singolo paziente e di istituire una adeguata strategia preventiva che colleghi stili di vita e terapie farmacologiche.

Si consolida in questo modo una metodologia che è già stata applicata con successo ai farmaci per il morbo di Alzheimer (Progetto CRONOS), all’impiego di interferone e ribavirina per l’epatite C (Progetto IMPROVE) e all’uso dei farmaci biologici nell’artrite rematoide (Progetto ANTARES).

Questa terza revisione delle Note CUF contiene cinque nuove note (Nota 9 bis – sindromi coronariche acute, Nota 79 bis – ormoni paratiroidei, Nota 85 – farmaci per il morbo di Alzheimer, Nota 87 – farmaci per l’incontinenza urinaria, Nota 89 – antistaminici), mentre tre Note sono state eliminate (Nota 48 bis- ranitidina bismuto, Nota 55 bis – aminoglicosidi inseriti nella Nota 55, nota 58 – ossigeno terapeutico in attesa di un provvedimento specifico).

Le note complessivamente sono 41 e il contenuto regolatorio e scientifico di alcune di esse risulta profondamente modificato.

 

Programma di verifica e formazione

 

L’impatto dell’applicazione del sistema delle note nell’ambito della medicina generale è sottoposto a un programma di verifica, attraverso il monitoraggio delle prescrizioni nell’ambito dell’Osservatorio Nazionale sull’Impiego dei Medicinali (OSMED).

E’ auspicabile che sia programmata, a livello regionale e locale, un’attività di formazione sulla corretta applicazione delle note rivolta ai medici di medicina generale, ospedalieri e ai farmacisti, con l’obiettivo di promuovere comportamenti appropriati e uniformi, fra i diversi settori del SSN e in particolare dei medici ospedalieri e degli specialisti.

Le note rispecchiano gli orientamenti che risultano appropriati nell’impiego della maggior parte dei medicinali. Tuttavia, la variabilità delle patologie può determinare l’inapplicabilità di una nota al singolo paziente. In questi casi gli organismi della ASL, nella loro funzione di analisi e verifica, dovrebbero adottare un atteggiamento flessibile prendendo in considerazione non tanto il singolo caso quanto la globalità delle applicazioni in un dato contesto.

 


 

 

 

 

NOTE AIFA 2004

 

Sommario

 

Note                                                                pag.           Note                                                            pag.

 


Nota 1. 5

Nota 2. 10

Nota 5. 15

Nota 8. 16

Nota 9. 17

Nota 9 bis. 20

Nota 10. 22

Nota 11. 23

Nota 12. 24

Nota 13. 28

Nota 15. 34

Nota 28. 37

Nota 30. 39

Nota 31. 42

Nota 32. 43

Nota 32 bis. 49

Nota 36. 51

Nota 39. 52

Nota 40. 55

Nota 41. 57

Nota 42. 59

Nota 48. 61

Nota 51. 69

Nota 55. 72

Nota 56. 91

Nota 57. 93

Nota 59. 95

Nota 65. 96

Nota 66. 97

Nota 74. 112

Nota 75. 115

Nota 76. 116

Nota 78. 118

Nota 79. 120

Nota 79 bis. 123

Nota 82. 124

Nota 83. 126

Nota 84. 127

Nota 85. 134

Nota 87. 136

Nota 88. 137

Nota 89. 141



Nota 1

Gastroprotettori:

-  misoprostolo

-  esomeprazolo

-  lansoprazolo

-  omeprazolo

-  pantoprazolo

-  rabeprazolo

La prescrizione a carico del SSN è limitata ai pazienti a alto rischio:

 

-     per la prevenzione delle complicanze gravi del tratto gastrointestinale superiore:

§       in trattamento cronico con FANS non selettivi (non con COXIB);

§       in terapia antiaggregante con ASA a basse dosi.

 

Si considerano soggetti ad alto rischio i soggetti:

§       con storia di pregresse emorragie digestive o di ulcera peptica non guarita con terapia eradicante;

§       in concomitante terapia con anticoagulanti o cortisonici.

Non giustifica il ricorso alla gastroprotezione la sola presenza di uno o più dei seguenti fattori:

·         la terapia con ASA di soggetti non a rischio;

·         l’età > 65 anni;

·         la presenza di infezione da Helicobacter pylori (per la quale è indicato il trattamento eradicante).

 

Gli inibitori di pompa, fatte salve le indicazioni della nota 48, ed il misoprostolo non sono rimborsati quando prescritti in associazione con i COXIB.

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

È noto come il trattamento cronico con i FANS possa determinare un aumentato rischio di ulcera peptica e delle sue complicanze gravi (emorragia, perforazione, ostruzione). Il rischio di ospedalizzazione per una complicanza grave è stimato fra l’1 e il 2% per anno, e aumenta fino a 4-5 volte nelle categorie a rischio sopra specificate; il rischio è particolarmente elevato se i FANS sono associati ad anticoagulanti (1).

Data la rilevanza clinica della tossicità gastroduodenale indotta dai FANS, numerosi sono stati gli studi che hanno valutato l’efficacia di una “gastroprotezione” utilizzando gli analoghi delle prostaglandine (misoprostolo) e gli anti secretivi (inibitori di pompa e H2 –antagonisti).

 

Misoprostolo

L’efficacia del misoprostolo nel ridurre l’incidenza delle complicanze gravi (emorragie, perforazioni e ostruzione pilorica) della gastropatia da FANS è stata dimostrata in uno studio (MUCOSA trial) di grandi dimensioni (8.853 pazienti) che ha documentato una riduzione del 40% di dette complicanze rispetto al placebo (2). Una metanalisi di 24 studi che ha valutato l’efficacia del misoprostolo non in base alla riduzione delle complicanze ma solo in base alla riduzione dell’incidenza di ulcere gastriche o duodenali diagnosticate endoscopicamente ha confermato detta efficacia (NNT = 8) per prevenire un’ulcera gastrica e (NNT = 30) per preveniore un’ulcera duodenale.

Il misoprostolo somministrato alla dose di 800 mg ha però una tollerabilità scarsa (dispepsia, dolore addominale, diarrea) e nel trial mucosa (2) i pazienti che sospendevano il trattamento per disturbi gastrointestinali erano più numerosi fra quelli trattati con misoprostolo più FANS (27,4%) che fra quelli trattati con FANS più placebo (20,1% p<0,001).

 

Inibitori della pompa protonica

Numerosi studi hanno dimostrato che nei soggetti trattati con FANS, dosi standard di inibitori della pompa protonica riducono significativamente l’incidenza di ulcere gastriche e duodenali diagnosticate all’endoscopia rispetto al placebo (3-6). Due di essi meritano particolare attenzione. Nel primo l’omeprazolo è stato confrontato con ranitidina (7) e, nel secondo, con misoprostolo (8) in due trial con uguale disegno sperimentale. In tutti e due gli studi (ASTRONAUT e OMNIUM trials) venivano studiati soggetti che a seguito della terapia con FANS presentavano una ulcera peptica o almeno 10 erosioni gastriche o duodenali. Ognuno dei due trial esaminava due fasi: a) la guarigione delle lesioni da FANS già presenti; e b) la prevenzione della ricomparsa delle lesioni durante ritrattamento con i FANS. In entrambe le fasi la terapia con l’omeprazolo si è dimostrata più efficace del farmaco di confronto (rispettivamente, ranitidina e misoprostolo) sia nel guarire le ulcere sia nel prevenire le recidive.

Detti risultati vanno però valutati con prudenza in quanto entrambi gli studi presentano limiti metodologici rilevanti quali: 1) la dimostrazione di maggiore efficacia è basata su parametri surrogati, infatti gli studi hanno utilizzato come “end-point” terapeutico la riduzione del numero di ulcere endoscopiche e dei sintomi dispeptici e non delle complicanze gravi che sono il parametro clinico più rilevante cui mira la profilassi farmacologica: non è cioè la stessa cosa prevenire un’ulcera visibile alla endoscopia routinaria in uno studio clinico e prevenire una complicanza grave (emorragia, perforazione, ostruzione); 2) le dosi utilizzate con i farmaci di riferimento (400 mg/d per il misoprostolo e 300 mg/d per la ranitidina) sono probabilmente inadeguate; infine, 3) è mancata soprattutto una attenta considerazione alla presenza o meno nei pazienti trattati di una infezione da H. pylori. Lo stato di portatore o meno di una tale infezione può, infatti, avere grande rilevanza. Una recente metanalisi condotta su 16 studi dimostra, infatti, in modo convincente come sia l’infezione da H. pylori sia l’impiego di FANS tradizionali possano aumentare il rischio di causare un’ulcera peptica o un sanguinamento gastrico in modo indipendente, avendo un effetto sinergico nell’aggravare il rischio di ulcera peptica e sanguinamento quando entrambi i fattori di rischio sono presenti nello stesso paziente (9).

La superiore efficacia dell’inibitore di pompa rispetto a misoprostolo e a dosi usuali di H2 bloccanti nel prevenire le ulcere da Fans potrebbe cioè essere in parte solo apparente e dovuta a una diversa distribuzione dei pazienti con infezione nella popolazione studiata (10-12).

L’importanza dell’infezione da H. pylori nella strategia di prevenzione del sanguinamento gastrico causato dai Fans tradizionali e dall’ASA a basso dosaggio è dimostrato da uno studio recente che ha rilevato come nei pazienti con infezione da H. pylori e una storia di sanguinamento gastrico, l’eradicazione dell’infezione da Helicobacter pylori risulti equivalente all’omeprazolo nel prevenire una recidiva del sanguinamento gastrico nei pazienti che assumono ASA a basse dosi (probabilità di recidiva del sanguinamento a sei mesi 1,9% con eradicazione e 0,9% con omeprazolo). Mentre nei pazienti che assumono naprossene al posto dell’ASA a basse dosi l’inibitore di pompa risulta più efficace della semplice eradicazione (probabilità di recidiva del sanguinamento a 6 mesi 18,8% con l’eradicazione e 4,4% con omeprazolo) (13).

Nei pazienti con storia di sanguinamento gastrico e che devono continuare una profilassi secondaria con ASA a basse dosi l’eradicazione dell’infezione probabilmente si pone perciò come la strategia profilattica più conveniente della somministrazione di un inibitore di pompa. Non è chiaro se l’eradicazione vada comunque eseguita in tutti i pazienti infetti che fanno uso cronico di FANS tradizionali.

Una metanalisi recente ha dimostrato che il rischio emorragico da ASA impiegato come antiaggregante è assai basso (una emorragia ogni 117 pazienti trattati con 50-162 mg/die di ASA per una durata media di 28 mesi) (14). Pertanto, una gastroprotezione farmacologica generalizzata non è giustificata. I trial considerati nella metanalisi escludevano però i pazienti ad alto rischio emorragico. In mancanza di dati relativi a questi pazienti, se si estrapola ad essi l’aumento di emorragie o ulcere da FANS nei soggetti a rischio (4-5 volte quello di base), la gastroprotezione nei soggetti a rischio emorragico trattati “long-term” con ASA potrebbe essere giustificata specie in presenza dei fattori di rischio più rilevanti (emorragia pregressa e pazienti in trattamento con anticoagulanti e cortisonici). Nei pazienti con infezione da Helicobacter pylori risulta indicata l’eradicazione (13). Non è invece appropriato l’uso di preparazioni “gastroprotette” o tamponate di ASA, che hanno un rischio emorragico non differente da quello dell’ASA standard (15).

Gli H2-inibitori non sono stati inclusi tra i farmaci indicati per la prevenzione e il trattamento del danno gastrointestinale da FANS perché in dosi standard non riducono significativamente l’incidenza delle ulcere gastriche (3), che sono le più frequenti fra quelle da FANS (16) anche se hanno efficacia pressochè uguale a quella del misoprostolo sulle ulcere duodenali. Una revisione non sistematica del danno gastrointestinale da FANS non raccomanda gli H2 – inibitori per la prevenzione dei danni gastrointestinali da FANS; li ammette per la terapia delle ulcere previa sospensione dei FANS, ma non se si seguitano i FANS (17). I dati clinici citati non possono essere applicati ai COXIB.

Va segnalato come in uno studio in pazienti con storia di sanguinamento gastrico recente, il trattamento per sei mesi con omeprazolo più diclofenac si sia dimostrato egualmente efficace rispetto al celecoxib nel prevenire la ricorrenza del sanguinamento gastrico (18).

Al momento non vi sono ulteriori dati sulla letteratura scientifica internazionale che documentino un’efficacia nella gastroprotezione con misoprostolo e/o inibitori della pompa protonica nei confronti del danno gastrointestinale da COXIB.

 

Bibliografia

 

1.        Lanza FL. A guideline for the treatment and prevention of NSAID-induced ulcers. Am J Gastroenterol 1998; 93: 2037-46.

2.        Silverstein, et al. Misorpostol reduces serious gastrointestinal complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory gruds. A. randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1995; 123: 241-9.

3.        Koch M, et al. Prevention of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal injury. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trial. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156: 2321-32.

4.        Daneshmend TK, et al. Abolition by Omeprazole of Aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury in man. Gut 1990; 31: 514-7.

5.        Cullen D, et al. Primary gastroduodenal prophylaxis with Omeprazolo for Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug users. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998; 12: 135-140.

6.        Ekstrom P, et al. Prevention of peptic ulcer and dyspeptic symptoms with Omeprazolo in patients receiving Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug continuous therapy. A nordic multicentre study. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996; 31: 753-8.

7.        Yeomans ND, et al. A comparison of Omeprazole with Ranitidine for ulcers associated with Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs. N Engl J Med 1998; 338:719-26.

8.        Hawkey CJ, et al. Omeprazole compared with Misoprostol for ulcers associated either Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 727-34.

9.        Jia-Qing, et al. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in peptic ulcer disease : a meta-analysis. Lancet 2002; 359:14-22.

10.     Graham DY. Critical effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on the effectiveness of omeprazole for prevention of gastric or duodenal ulcers among chronic NSAID users. Helicobacter 2002; 7: 1-8.

11.     Graham DY, et al. Ulcer prevention in long-term users of Nonsteroidal Antinflammatory Drugs. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162: 169 – 175.

12.     Graham DY. NSAIDS, Helicobacter pylori and Pandora Box. N Engl. J. Med. 2002; 347: 2162-2164.

13.     Chan FKL, et al. Preventing recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleending in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection who are taking low-dose aspirin or naproxen. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 967-973.

14.     Derry S, et al. Risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage with long term use of aspirin: meta-analysis. BMJ 2000; 321: 1183-7.

15.     Kelly YP, et al. Risk of aspirin – associated major upper gastrointestinal bleending with enteric-coated or buffered products. Lancet 1996; 384: 1413-6.

16.     Feldman M. Peptic ulcer disease. In: Dale DC, Federman DD eds. Scientific American Medicine, Section 4, Gastroenterology II, 2000: 2-3.

17.     Wolfe MM, et al. Gastrointestinal toxicity of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatoru Drugs. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 1888-99.

18.     Chan FKL, et al. Celecoxib versus diclofenac and omeprazole in reducing the risk of recurrent ulcer bleeding in patients with arthritis. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 2104-2110.

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              ESOMEPRAZOLO                                                                    A02BC05

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

  AXAGON                                                              14 CPR GASTRORESISTENTI DA 40                                          35035563                SIMESA S.P.A.        

                                                                                     MG IN BLISTER AL/AL                                                                                                                                         

   AXAGON                                                              14 CPR GASTRORESISTENTI DA 20                                          35035157                SIMESA S.P.A.        

                                                                                     MG IN BLISTER AL/AL                                                                                                                                         

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

   ESOPRAL                                                             14 CPR GASTRORESISTENTI IN                                                  35433022                BRACCO S.P.A.       

                                                                                     BLISTER DA 20 MG                                                                                                                                                

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   ESOPRAL                                                             14 CPR GASTRORESISTENTI IN                                                  35433174                BRACCO S.P.A.        

                                                                                     BLISTER DA 40 MG                                                                                                                                                

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   LUCEN                                                                  14 CPR RIVESTITE CON FILM IN                                                35367263                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     BLISTER DA 20 MG                                                                                                              FARMACOBIOLOGIC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            O MALESCI S.P.A.   

   LUCEN                                                                  14 CPR RIVESTITE CON FILM IN                                                35367414                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     BLISTER DA 40 MG                                                                                                              FARMACOBIOLOGIC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            O MALESCI S.P.A.   

   NEXIUM                                                                14 CPR RIVESTITE CON FILM IN                                                34972265                ASTRAZENECA

                                                                                     BLISTER DA 20 MG                                                                                                              S.P.A.                       

   NEXIUM                                                                14 CPR RIVESTITE CON FILM IN                                                34972416                ASTRAZENECA

                                                                                     BLISTER DA 40 MG                                                                                                              S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              LANSOPRAZOLO *                                                                  A02BC03

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   LANSOX                                                               " 15 MG COMPRESSE                                                                       28600070                TAKEDA ITALIA

                                                                                     ORODISPERSIBILI " 14 COMPRESSE                                                                           FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   LANSOX                                                               "30 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 14 CAPSULE                               28600017                TAKEDA ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   LANSOX                                                               " 30 MG COMPRESSE                                                                       28600094                TAKEDA ITALIA

                                                                                     ORODISPERSIBILI " 14 COMPRESSE                                                                           FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   LANSOX                                                               "15 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 14 CAPSULE                               28600029                TAKEDA ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   LIMPIDEX                                                            " 15 MG COMPRESSE                                                                       28755078                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                     ORODISPERSIBILI " 14 COMPRESSE                                                                           INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   RIUNITE SPA          

   LIMPIDEX                                                            " 30 MG COMPRESSE                                                                       28755092                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                     ORODISPERSIBILI " 14 COMPRESSE                                                                           INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   LIMPIDEX                                                            "15 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 14 CAPSULE                               28755027                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   LIMPIDEX                                                            "30 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 14 CAPSULE                               28755015                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   ZOTON                                                                   " 15 MG COMPRESSE                                                                       28775070                WYETH LEDERLE

                                                                                     ORODISPERSIBILI " 14 COMPRESSE                                                                           S.P.A.                       

   ZOTON                                                                   "30 MG CAPSULE" 14 CAPSULE                                                28775017                WYETH LEDERLE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ZOTON                                                                   "15 MG CAPSULE" 14 CAPSULE                                                28775029                WYETH LEDERLE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ZOTON                                                                   " 30 MG COMPRESSE                                                                       28775094                WYETH LEDERLE

                                                                                     ORODISPERSIBILI " 14 COMPRESSE                                                                           S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              MISOPROSTOLO                                                                     A02BB01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   CYTOTEC                                                             "200 MCG COMPRESSE"50                                                            26488015                CONTINENTAL

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            PHARMA INC           

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   MISODEX                                                             "200 MCG COMPRESSE" 50                                                           27307014                MONSANTO

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            HOLDING GMBH       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              OMEPRAZOLO *                                                                      A02BC01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

  ANTRA                                                                  "10 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                  28245114                ASTRAZENECA

                                                                                     MODIFICATO" 14 CAPSULE                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ANTRA                                                                  "20 MG CAPSULE A RILASCIO                                                   28245090                ASTRAZENECA

                                                                                     MODIFICATO" 14 CAPSULE                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   LOSEC                                                                   "20 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A  RILASCIO                                 26804106                ASTRAZENECA AB

                                                                                     MODIFICATO" 14 CAPSULE                                                                                                                              

   LOSEC                                                                   "10 MG CAPSULE A RILASCIO                                                   26804082                ASTRAZENECA AB

                                                                                     MODIFICATO" 14 CAPSULE                                                                                                                              

   MEPRAL                                                               "10 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                  26783086                BRACCO S.P.A.       

                                                                                     MODIFICATO" 14 CAPSULE                                                                                                                              

   MEPRAL                                                               "20 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                  26783098                BRACCO S.P.A.       

                                                                                     MODIFICATO" 14 CAPSULE                                                                                                                              

   OMEPRAZEN                                                     "10 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                  26803080                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     MODIFICATO" 14 CAPSULE                                                                                            FARMACOBIOLOGIC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            O MALESCI S.P.A.   

   OMEPRAZEN                                                     "20 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                  26803104                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     MODIFICATO" 14 CAPSULE                                                                                            FARMACOBIOLOGIC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            O MALESCI S.P.A.   

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              PANTOPRAZOLO*                                                                   A02BC02

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

  PANTECTA                                                          14 COMPRESSE GASTRORESISTENTI                                     31834094                ABBOTT S.P.A.       

                                                                                     20 MG IN FLACONE                                                                                                                                               

   PANTOPAN                                                        14 COMPRESSE GASTRORESISTENTI                                     31835097                PHARMACIA ITALIA

                                                                                     20 MG IN FLACONE                                                                                                             S.P.A.                       

   PANTORC                                                            14 CPR GASTRORESISTENTI 20 MG                                         31981119                ALTANA PHARMA

                                                                                     FLACONE                                                                                                                                 SPA                          

   PEPTAZOL                                                          14 COMPRESSE GASTRORESISTENTI                                     31111091                RECORDATI

                                                                                     20 MG IN FLACONE                                                                                                             INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHIMICA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA S.P.A.

 

 

PANTECTA

14 COMPRESSE GASTRORESISTENTI 20 MG IN BLISTER

031834029

ABBOTT SpA

PANTECTA

14 COMPRESSE GASTRORESISTENTI IN BLISTER AL/AL DA 40 MG

031834296

ABBOTT SpA

PANTOPAN

14 COMPRESSE GASTRORESISTENTI 20 MG IN BLISTER

031835022

PHARMACIA ITALIA SpA

PANTOPAN

14 COMPRESSE DA 40 MG IN BLISTER AL/AL

031835287

PHARMACIA ITALIA SpA

PANTORC

14 CPR GASTRORESISTENTI 20 MG BLISTER

031981044

ALTANA PHARMA SpA

 

PANTORC

 

 

14 COMPRESSE GASTRORESISTETI DA 40 MG IN BLISTER AL/AL

 

 

031981311

 

 

ALTANA PHARMA SpA

PEPTAZOL

14 COMPRESSE GASTRORESISTENTI 20 MG IN BLISTER

031111026

RECORDATI SpA

PEPTAZOL

14 COMPRESSE GASTRORESISTENTI DA 40 MG IN BLISTER AL/AL

031111293

RECORDATI SpA

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              RABEPRAZOLO *                                                                     A02BC 

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

  PARIET                                                                  1 BLISTER 14 CPR                                                                              34216022                JANSSEN CILAG

                                                                                     GASTRORESISTENTI 10 MG                                                                                             S.P.A.                       

   PARIET                                                                  1 BLISTER AL/AL 14 CPR                                                              34216186                JANSSEN CILAG

                                                                                     GASTRORESISTENTI 20 MG                                                                                             S.P.A.                       


Nota 2

 

Acidi biliari:

-    chenourso-desossicolico

-    taurourso-desossicolico

-    urso-desossicolico

 

La prescrizione nelle epatopatie croniche colestatiche a carico del SSN è limitata ai pazienti affetti da:

 

-          cirrosi biliare primitiva;

-          colangite sclerosante primitiva;

-          colestasi associata alla fibrosi cistica o intraepatica familiare;

-          calcolosi colesterinica.

 

La prescrizione di acidi biliari non è rimborsata dal SSN per il trattamento della semplice dispepsia.

Il trattamento con acidi biliari non è rimborsato nei pazienti con epatite cronica virale ed in quelli con coliche ravvicinate o gravi per i quali è indicata la colecistectomia.

 

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

Le prime tre indicazioni si riferiscono a epatopatie croniche nelle quali modificazioni quali‑quantitative della funzione biligenetica hanno un ruolo patogenetico molto importante, determinando alterazioni anatomiche e funzionali del fegato (epatopatie colestatiche). L’impiego degli acidi urso- e taurourso‑desossicolico nelle epatopatie croniche colestatiche è limitato a quelle per le quali si trovano in letteratura evidenze di efficacia terapeutica in termini di miglioramenti anatomici, clinici e di sopravvivenza significativi o, nel caso di malattie prive di altre terapie utili, anche marginali. Tali evidenze, non univoche (1) ma nettamente prevalenti (2-5) per la cirrosi biliare primitiva (l’acido ursodesossicolico è stato recentemente approvato per la terapia di questa malattia dalla Food and Drug Administration), sono meno chiare ma non inesistenti per le altre epatopatie colestatiche in nota (5-7). Le sperimentazioni controllate e randomizzate hanno invece dimostrato che l’acido ursodesossicolico non è efficace nelle epatiti croniche virali, nelle quali non favorisce l’eliminazione dell’RNA del virus C e non migliora le lesioni istologiche (5,8-10).

La calcolosi colesterinica potenzialmente trattabile con acidi biliari è caratterizzata da calcoli singoli o multipli (diametro uguale o inferiore a 1 cm), radiotrasparenti, con colecisti funzionante, pazienti non obesi con sintomatologia modesta (coliche non molto frequenti o severe). Altra indicazione è la presenza in colecisti di frammenti di calcoli post-litotripsia.

Nella colelitiasi, la terapia con sali biliari ottiene la dissoluzione dei calcoli solo in una parte dei pazienti, variabile in relazione a fattori diversi (dimensioni dei calcoli, funzionalità della colecisti, ecc.); è seguita frequentemente dalla formazione di nuovi calcoli (50-60% a 5 anni) (11); non trova indicazione nei pazienti con coliche ravvicinate o severe, per i quali è necessaria la colecistectomia. Bisogna anche considerare che l’alternativa chirurgica, laparoscopica o con minilaparotomia, è risolutiva e a basso rischio. Si ritiene opportuno limitare l’uso dei sali biliari ai pazienti con caratteristiche definite “ottimali” per la dissoluzione dei calcoli, che raggiunge in questi casi percentuali fra il 48% e il 60% (12). Le caratteristiche sopra ricordate sono presenti in circa il 15% dei pazienti (11).

 

Bibliografia

1. Goulis J, et al. Randomised controlled trial of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in primary biliary cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. Lancet 1999;354:1053-60.

2. Poupon R, et al. Combined analysis of randomized controlled trial of Ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1997;113:884-90.

3. Combes B, et al. The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on the florid duct lesion of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 1999;30:602-5.

4. Lindor KD, Dickson ER. Management of primary biliary cirrhosis. In: Schiff’s diseases of the liver. 8th ed. Lippincott Williamds et Wilkins, 1999: Ch. 25.

5 .Beuers U, et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid in cholestasis: potential mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications. Hepatology 1998;28:1449-53.

6. Lindor KD, et al. Ursodiol for primary sclerosing cholangitis. N Engl J Med 1997;336:691-5.

7. Colombo C, et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid for liver disease associated with cystic fibrosis : a double-blind, multicenter trial. Hepatology 1996;23:1484-90.

8. Boucher E, et al. Interferon and ursodeoxycholic acid combined therapy in the treatment of chronic viral C hepatitis: results from a controlled clinical trial in 8 patients. Hepatology 1995;21:322-7.

9. Angelico M, et al. Recombinant interferon-alpha and ursodeoxycholic acid versus interferon alpha alone in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomized clinical trial with long-term follow up. Am J Gastroenterol 1995;90:263-9.

10. Bellentani S, et al. Ursodiol in the long-term treatment of chronic hepatitis: a double-blind multicenter trial. J Hepatol 1993;19:459-64.

11. Strasberg SM, et al. Cholecystolithiasis: lithotherapy for the 90s. Hepatology 1992;16:820-39.

12. May GR, et al. Efficacy of bile acid therapy for gallstone dissolution: a meta-analysis of randomized trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1993;7:139-48.

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              ACIDO CHENOURSODESOSSICOLICO*                           A05AA49

                                                    

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   BILENOR                                                              "250 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 30                                                   26567026                SCHWARZ PHARMA

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                   S.P.A                       

PRINCIPIO ATTIVO                 ACIDO TAUROURSODESOSSICOLICO*                           A05AA 

                                                      

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   TAURO                                                                  "150 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 20                                                   26772020                TEOFARMA S.R.L.   

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                                                    

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   TAURO                                                                  "250 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 20                                                   26772032                TEOFARMA S.R.L.   

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                                                    

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   TUDCABIL                                                           "150 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 20                                                   26707024                PHARMACIA ITALIA

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                  S.P.A.                       

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   TUDCABIL                                                           "250 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 20                                                   26707036                PHARMACIA ITALIA

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                  S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              ACIDO URSODESOSSICOLICO *                                        A05AA02

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ACIDO URSODESOSSICOLICO                 "450 MG COMPRESSE A RILASCIO                                           33090034                RATIOPHARM GMBH

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 20 COMPRESSE A                                                                                                                

                                                                                     RILASCIO PROLUNGATO                                                                                                                                  

   ACIDO URSODESOSSICOLICO                 "450 MG COMPRESSE A RILASCIO                                           33512017                EG S.P.A.                 

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 20 COMPRESSE A                                                                                                                

                                                                                     RILASCIO PROLUNGATO                                                                                                                                  

   ACIDO URSODESOSSICOLICO                 "450 MG CAPSULE A RILASCIO                                                 33674033                PLIVA PHARMA

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 20 CAPSULE A                                                                                    S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     RILASCIO PROLUNGATO                                                                                                                                  

   ACIDO URSODESOSSICOLICO                 "450 MG CAPSULE A RILASCIO                                                 34317038                DOROM S.R.L.          

                                                                                     MODIFICATO" 20 CAPSULE A RILASCIO                                                                                                  

                                                                                      MODIFICATO                                                                                                                                                           

   ACIDO URSODESOSSICOLICO                 "450 MG CAPSULE A RILASCIO                                                 33942032                TEVA PHARMA

                                                                                     MODIFICATO" 20 CAPSULE A RILASCIO                                                                 ITALIA S.R.L.           

                                                                                      MODIFICATO                                                                                                                                                           

   ACIDO URSODESOSSICOLICO                 "300 MG COMPRESSE" 20 COMPRESSE                                  33094020                MERCK GENERICS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIA S.P.A.          

   ACIDO URSODESOSSICOLICO                 "300 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE"20                                                    28746016                ANGENERICO

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                  S.P.A.                       

   ACIDO URSODESOSSICOLICO                 "300 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 20                                                   34317014                DOROM S.R.L.          

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                                                    

   ACIDO URSODESOSSICOLICO                 "300 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 20                                                   33942018                TEVA PHARMA

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                  ITALIA S.R.L.           

   ACIDO URSODESOSSICOLICO                 "300 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 20                                                   33674019                PLIVA PHARMA

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                  S.P.A.                       

   ACIDO URSODESOSSICOLICO                 "300 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 20                                                   33512031                EG S.P.A.                 

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                                                    

   ACIDO URSODESOSSICOLICO                 "150 MG COMPRESSE" 20 COMPRESSE                                  33094018                MERCK GENERICS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIA S.P.A.          

   ACIDO URSODESOSSICOLICO                 "300 MG COMPRESSE" 20 COMPRESSE                                  33090010                RATIOPHARM GMBH

   BILIEPAR                                                             20 CAPSULE 150 MG                                                                       26078016                I.BIR.N -ISTITUTO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOTERAPICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAZIONALE S.R.L.  

   BILIEPAR                                                             20 CAPSULE 300 MG                                                                       26078028                I.BIR.N -ISTITUTO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOTERAPICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAZIONALE S.R.L.  

   BILIEPAR                                                             "450 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                26078042                I.BIR.N -ISTITUTO

                                                                                     CONTROLLATO" 20 CAPSULE                                                                                       BIOTERAPICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAZIONALE S.R.L.  

   COLEDOS                                                            30 CAPSULE 300 MG                                                                       24974038                PROSPA ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   DESOCOL                                                            "300 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 20                                                   27556024                LAMPUGNANI

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                  FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   DESOXIL                                                              20 COMPRESSE 300 MG                                                                 28336028                LABORATORI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PRODOTTI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BONISCONTRO E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GAZZONE S.R.L.      

   DESOXIL                                                              "450 MG COMPRESSE A RILASCIO                                           28336042                LABORATORI

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO"20 COMPRESSE                                                                                    PRODOTTI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BONISCONTRO E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GAZZONE S.R.L.   

   DESOXIL                                                              20 COMPRESSE 150 MG                                                                 28336016                LABORATORI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PRODOTTI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BONISCONTRO E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GAZZONE S.R.L.      

   DEURSIL                                                              "150 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 20                                                   23605076                SANOFI-SYNTHELA

                                                                                     CAPSULE RIGIDE                                                                                                                 BO S.P.A.                 

   DEURSIL                                                              "225 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                23605153                SANOFI-SYNTHELA

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 20 CAPSULE RIGIDE A                                                                   BO S.P.A.                 

                                                                                     RILASCIO PROLUNGATO                                                                                                                                  

   DEURSIL                                                              "300 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 20                                                   23605114                SANOFI-SYNTHELA

                                                                                     CAPSULE RIGIDE                                                                                                                 BO S.P.A.                 

   DEURSIL                                                              "450 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                23605138                SANOFI-SYNTHELA

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 20 CAPSULE RIGIDE A                                                                   BO S.P.A.                 

                                                                                     RILASCIO PROLUNGATO                                                                                                                                  

   DISSOLURSIL                                                    "300 MG CAPSULE" 20 CAPSULE                                              34219016                FARMA UNO S.R.L.  

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   DISSOLURSIL                                                    "450 MG CAPSULE A RILASCIO                                                 34219030                FARMA UNO S.R.L.  

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 20 CAPSULE RILASCIO                                                                                                   

                                                                                      PROLUNGATO                                                                                                                                                        

   FRAURS                                                                20 CAPSULE 150 MG                                                                       27567027                FRANCIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOLOGICA S.R.L.   

   FRAURS                                                                20 CAPSULE 300 MG                                                                       27567039                FRANCIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOLOGICA S.R.L.   

   LENTORSIL                                                         20 CAPSULE 450 MG                                                                       28708028                ITALFARMACO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   LITOFF                                                                   20 COMPRESSE RILASCIO                                                            28404022                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     CONTROLLATO 450 MG                                                                                                    CABER S.P.A.         

   LITOFF                                                                   20 COMPRESSE 300 MG                                                                 28404010                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CABER S.P.A.         

   LITURSOL                                                            "150 MG COMPRESSE"20 COMPRESSE                                   24615078                CRINOS S.P.A.         

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   LITURSOL                                                            "300 MG COMPRESSE"20 COMPRESSE                                   24615080                CRINOS S.P.A.        

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   LITURSOL                                                            "450 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                24615092                CRINOS S.P.A.        

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 20 CAPSULE                                                                                                                           

   URDES                                                                   "300 MG COMPRESSE"20 COMPRESSE                                   26893040                ERREKAPPA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            EUROTERAPICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   URDES                                                                   "450 MG COMPRESSE                                                                      26893053                ERREKAPPA

                                                                                     GASTRORESISTENTI" 20 COMPRESSE                                                                       EUROTERAPICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   URDES                                                                   "225 MG COMPRESSE                                                                      26893065                ERREKAPPA

                                                                                     GASTRORESISTENTI" 20 COMPRESSE                                                                       EUROTERAPICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   URDES                                                                   "150 MG COMPRESSE"20 COMPRESSE                                   26893038                ERREKAPPA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            EUROTERAPICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   URSACOL                                                            "300 MG COMPRESSE" 20 COMPRESSE                                  23630066                ZAMBON ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   URSACOL                                                            "150 MG COMPRESSE" 20 COMPRESSE                                  23630039                ZAMBON ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   URSILON                                                              "225 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                24173066                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 20 CAPSULE                                                                                         BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANO GIOVANNI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             LORENZINI SPA     

   URSILON                                                              "450 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                24173054                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 20 CAPSULE                                                                                         BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANO GIOVANNI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             LORENZINI SPA     

   URSILON                                                              20 CAPSULE 300 MG                                                                       24173080                ISTITUTO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANO GIOVANNI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             LORENZINI SPA     

   URSOBIL                                                              "300 MG COMPRESSE" 20 COMPRESSE                                  24444123                ISTITUTO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOLOGICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHEMIOTERAPICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   URSOBIL                                                              20 CAPSULE 150 MG                                                                       24444034                ISTITUTO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOLOGICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHEMIOTERAPICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   URSOBIL                                                              SCIROPPO FLACONE 200 ML                                                     24444111                ISTITUTO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOLOGICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHEMIOTERAPICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   URSOBIL                                                              "250 MG" SCATOLA 30 CPS GELATINA                                  24444109                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     DURA 250 MG                                                                                                                         BIOLOGICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHEMIOTERAPICO  SPA

   URSOBIL                                                              "150 MG" SCATOLA 40 CPS GELATINA                                  24444097                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     DURA 150 MG                                                                                                                         BIOLOGICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHEMIOTERAPICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                        

   URSOBIL                                                              20 CAPSULE 250 MG                                                                       24444059                ISTITUTO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOLOGICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHEMIOTERAPICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   URSOBIL HT                                                       "450 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                29038027                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     MODIFICATO"20 CAPSULE                                                                                             BIOLOGICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHEMIOTERAPICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   URSODAMOR                                                    "150 MG COMPRESSE" 20 COMPRESSE                                  26328017                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            DAMOR S.P.A.         

   URSODAMOR                                                    "300" 20 COMPRESSE 300 MG                                                      26328029                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            DAMOR S.P.A.         

   URSODIOL                                                          "300 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 20                                                   28366019                BIOPROGRESS

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                  PHARMA S.P.A.       

   URSODIOL                                                          "450 MG CAPSULE A RILASCIO                                                 28366033                BIOPROGRESS

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 20 CAPSULE                                                                                         PHARMA S.P.A.       

   URSOFALK                                                         "S.R." 20 CAPSULE 450 MG                                                            26074043                DR. FALK PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GMBH                       

   URSOFALK                                                         20 CAPSULE 150 MG                                                                       26074029                DR. FALK PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GMBH                       

   URSOFALK                                                         20 CAPSULE 300 MG                                                                       26074031                DR. FALK PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GMBH                       

 

   URSOFLOR                                                          "RETARD" 20 COMPRESSE RITARDO                                      26073039                SO.SE.PHARM

                                                                                     450 MG                                                                                                                                       S.R.L. SOCIETA' DI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SERVIZIO PER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            L'INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA ED

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             AFFINI                     

   URSOFLOR                                                          20 CAPSULE 150 MG                                                                       26073015                SO.SE.PHARM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L. SOCIETA' DI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SERVIZIO PER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            L'INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA ED

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             AFFINI                     

   URSOFLOR                                                          20 CAPSULE 300 MG                                                                       26073027                SO.SE.PHARM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L. SOCIETA' DI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SERVIZIO PER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            L'INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA ED

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             AFFINI                     

   URSOLAC                                                            "300" 20 CAPSULE 300 MG                                                            28931018                BIOMEDICA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FOSCAMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   URSOLAC                                                            "RETARD" 20 CAPSULE RILASCIO                                           28931032                BIOMEDICA

                                                                                     CONTROLLATO 450 MG                                                                                                    FOSCAMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   URSOLISIN                                                          20 CAPSULE 300 MG                                                                       25430101                MAGIS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   URSOLISIN                                                          20 CAPSULE 150 MG                                                                       25430063                MAGIS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

 


Nota 5

Enzimi pancreatici:

-    pancrelipasi

La prescrizione a carico del SSN è consentita nei pazienti in una delle seguenti condizioni comportanti maldigestione e malassorbimento di grassi e proteine:

 

-          insufficienza pancreatica esocrina conseguente a pancreatite cronica;

-          pancreasectomia;

-          neoplasie del pancreas;

-          fibrosi cistica.

 

La prescrizione di enzimi pancreatici non è rimborsata dal SSN per il trattamento della semplice dispepsia.

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

La supplementazione orale con enzimi pancreatici si rende necessaria per compensare la ridotta o assente secrezione causata da varie malattie del pancreas con maldigestione e malassorbimento di grassi e proteine.

L’acidità gastrica ed il calore possono inattivare le preparazioni contenenti enzimi pancreatici, che dovrebbero essere assunti durante i pasti e con bevande non calde. Attualmente le preparazioni disponibili sono “gastroprotette” per cui non serve associare alla supplementazione di enzimi pancreatici anche inibitori della secrezione acida gastrica o antiacidi.

La posologia è regolata sulla base del numero di scariche alvine, la consistenza e la quantità delle feci riferite dal paziente che assume la terapia sostitutiva con gli enzimi pancreatici.

Gli enzimi pancreatici possono provocare irritazione perianale, se assunti in dosaggio eccessivo e periorale e se trattenuti in cavità orale. Possono anche causare nausea, vomito, gonfiore addominale e, raramente, iperuricemia ed iperuricosuria.

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

PRINCIPIO ATTIVO                 PANCRELIPASI *                                                                     A09AA02

FARMACO                                      CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

CREON                                                                     "150 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                29018064                SOLVAY

                                                                                     MODIFICATO" 100 CAPSULE                                                                                          PHARMACEUTICAL

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S GMBH

PANCREX                                                               "CAPSULE RIGIDE CONTENENTI                                             21232071                MIPHARM S.P.A.

MICROGRANULI GASTRORESISTENTI"

100 CAPSULE


Nota 8

-    levocarnitina

La prescrizione a carico del SSN, su diagnosi e piano terapeutico di strutture specialistiche delle Aziende Sanitarie, è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

 

-          carenza primaria di carnitina;

-          carenza di carnitina secondaria a trattamento dialitico.

 

La prescrizione di levocarnitina non è rimborsata dal SSN per altre indicazioni autorizzate.

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

La carnitina è un costituente essenziale dell’organismo e svolge un ruolo di rilievo nel metabolismo energetico a livello mitocondriale; il SSN garantisce pertanto la gratuità dell’erogazione per coloro che hanno carenza primaria di carnitina, evidenziata mediante dosaggio della carnitina nel plasma o in biopsie muscolari. I valori normali di carnitina nel plasma sono di circa 25 mmol/L nell’infanzia e di 54 mmol/L nell’età adulta (1); nella pratica clinica viene posta diagnosi di carenza primaria per livelli ematici inferiori a 2 mmol/L o per concentrazioni tissutali minori del 10-20% rispetto ai valori normali (2,3).

Una carenza secondaria può verificarsi durante trattamento dialitico. Sono state pubblicate 3 ricerche (4‑6) (anche se condotte su un numero limitato di pazienti), in cui è stata dimostrata la possibilità di ridurre la posologia dell’eritropoietina in circa il 50% dei casi trattati con 1 grammo di levocarnitina per via endovenosa a fine dialisi. La levocarnitina può pertanto essere usata in regime ospedaliero anche domiciliare, quando sia stato ottimizzato l’apporto di ferro, per ridurre la posologia dell’eritropoietina e per migliorare l’insufficiente risposta alla terapia con eritropoietina che si verifica in alcuni pazienti. Il trattamento con levocarnitina dovrebbe essere sospeso se, dopo 4 mesi di terapia, non sia stato possibile dimostrare una riduzione della posologia dell’eritropoietina.

 

Bibliografia

1. Bremer J. The role of carnitine in intracellular metabolism. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1990;28:297-301.

2. Pons R, et al. Primary and secondary carnitine deficency syndromes. J Clin Neurol 1995;10(Suppl 2):S8-21.

3. Famularo G, et al. Carnitine deficency: primary and secondary syndromes. In: De Simone C, Famularo G, eds. Carnitine today. Hidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1997:119-61.

4. Kletzmayr J, et al. Anemia and carnitine supplementation in hemodialyzed patients. Kid Intern 1999;55 (Suppl 9):S93-106.

5. Labonia WD, et al. L-Carnitine effects on anemia in hemodialyzed patients treated with erythropoietin. Am J Kidney Dis 1995;26:757-64.

6. Caruso U, et al. Effects of L-Carnitine on anemia in aged hemodialysis patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin: a pilot study. Dial Transplant 1999;27:498-506.

 

 

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              LEVOCARNITINA *                                                                 A16AA01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   CARNITENE                                                        "2 G/10 ML SOLUZIONE ORALE" 10                                         18610079                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                     CONTENITORI MONODOSE                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA           

   MIOTONAL                                                         "2 G SOLUZIONE ORALE" 10                                                       26322040                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     CONTENITORI MONODOSE DA 10 ML                                                                      CABER S.P.A.         

                                                                                                                                                                                                

 


                                                                                                       Nota 9

Antiaggreganti:

-    ticlopidina

 

La prescrizione a carico del SSN è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

 

-     in associazione all’ASA a basse dosi, in pazienti sottoposti ad angioplastica coronarica con impianto di stent, per il mese successivo all’intervento;

-     in alternativa all’ASA, in pazienti che non possano assumere ASA per pregresse manifestazioni da ipersensibilità, recidiva di eventi ischemici cerebrali durante terapia con ASA o ulcera gastroduodenale;

-     nel trattamento della trombosi della vena centrale della retina.

 

Nei casi che non rispondono alle condizioni sopra citate la terapia di scelta è quella con ASA a basse dosi.

 

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

È stato dimostrato che l’associazione tra ticlopidina e ASA è più efficace della sola aspirina o della terapia anticoagulante orale nel prevenire la ristenosi delle angioplastiche coronariche a cui è stato applicato uno stent (1,2).

La ticlopidina esercita un’azione antiaggregante (con meccanismo differente da quello dell’ASA) che si manifesta nella riduzione di eventi ischemici in gruppi di pazienti affetti da patologia vascolare in vari distretti arteriosi. Dal momento che la documentazione scientifica a favore dell’ASA continua ad essere preponderante (3, 4) rispetto a quella della ticlopidina e che, alla luce delle indicazioni proposte nelle principali linee- guida internazionali (5, 8), il rapporto costo-beneficio è decisamente a favore dell’ASA, è preferibile prescrivere l’ASA a basse dosi a tutti i pazienti per i quali è indicato un trattamento antiaggregante, riservando la ticlopidina per coloro che non possono assumere l’ASA per vari motivi.

Prima che la ticlopidina fosse disponibile, la trombosi subacuta di stent, spesso provocando eventi cardiaci maggiori, era riportata in 3,5-8,6% dei pazienti. In pazienti ad alto rischio con impianto di stent Palmaz-Schatz, il trattamento con ticlopidina+aspirina ha ridotto gli end-point cardiaci primari (end-point composto di morte cardiaca, infarto miocardiaco, bypass coronario e angioplastica ripetuta) dal 6,2% (terapia anticoagulante standard) all’1,6% (9). L’occlusione degli stent si verifica nel 5,4% nel gruppo ricevente terapia anticoagulante e nello 0,8% del gruppo ricevente terapia antiaggregante.

Gli effetti favorevoli della ticlopidina erano confermati dallo studio STARS (Stent Antithrombotic Regimen Study), che ha confrontato l’effetto dell’aspirina (325 mg al dì), la combinazione di aspirina (325 mg al dì) più ticlopidina (500 mg al dì per un mese), e di aspirina (325 mg al dì) più warfarin sugli eventi ischemici precoci. Solo lo 0,5% dei pazienti assegnati alla terapia aspirina+ticlopidina raggiungeva l’end-point composito primario a 30 giorni di morte, trombosi angiografica, rivascolarizzazione della lesione trattata, o infarto miocardio rispetto a 3,6% dei pazienti assegnati alla sola aspirina e il 2,7% dei pazienti assegnati a aspirina+warfarin. I risultati dello studio suggeriscono che il pretrattamento di 24 ore con ticlopidina permette una più efficace inibizione dell’attivazione piastrinica rispetto alla più breve durata di trattamento (10). Una grave leucopenia, spesso reversibile all’interruzione del trattamento, è la complicanza principale (circa dell’1% dei pazienti) del trattamento con ticlopidina (11). Si può verificare anche la porpora trombotica trombocitopenica (11).

Il rischio di alterazioni ematologiche anche gravi, leucopenia e/o piastrinopenia rende indispensabile nei pazienti trattati con ticlopidina un monitoraggio periodico dell’emocromo citometrico.

 

Bibliografia

1.        Shoming A, et al. A randomized comparison of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy after placement of coronary artery stents. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1084-9

2.        Martin BL, et al. A clinical trial comparing three antithrombotic drug regimens after coronary artery stenting. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1665-71.

3.        Antiplatelet Trialists Collaboration. Collaborative overview of randomised trial of antiplatelet therapy. I: Prevention of deadh, myocardial inarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in varius categories of pazients. BMJ 1994;308:81-106.

4.        Awtry EH. Loscalzo J. Aspirin. Circulation 2000;101:1206-18.

5.        Fifth ACCP concensus conference on antithrombotic therapy. Chest 1998;114 (Suppl 5):S439-769.

6.        Cairns JA, et al. Antithrombotic agents in coronary artery disease. Chest 1998;114 (Suppl 5): S611-33.

7.        Lees KR, et al. Secondary prevetion of transient ischemic attack and stroke. BMJ 2000;320:991-4.

8.        Eccles M, et al. North of England evidence based guidelines development project: guideline on the use of aspirin as secondary prophylaxis for vascular disease in primary care. BMJ 1998;316:1303-9.

9.        Gregorini L, Marco J, Fajadet J, et al. Ticlopidine and aspirin pretreatment reduces coagulation and platelet activation during coronary dilation procedures. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:13-20.

10. Hass, W, Easton, J, Adams, H, et al. A randomized trial comparing ticlopidine hydrochloride with aspirin for prevention of stroke in high-risk patients: Ticlopidine Aspirn Stroke Study Group. N Engl J Med 1989;321;501-507.

11. Page, Y, Tardy, B, Zeni, F, et al (1991) Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura related to ticlopidine. Lancet 1991;337:774-776.

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              TICLOPIDINA *                                                                       B01AC05

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ANAGREGAL                                                    "250 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 30                                       24834018                ISTITUTO GENTILI

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ANTIGREG                                                          "250 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   25220029                VECCHI & C PIAM

                                                                                     FILM" 30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        S.A.P.A.                   

   APLAKET                                                            "250 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 30                                       25177027                ROTTAPHARM

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   CLOX                                                                      "250 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  29213016                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CABER S.P.A.         

   FLUILAST                                                            "250 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 30                                       29407018                LABORATORI

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            PRODOTTI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BONISCONTRO E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GAZZONE S.R.L.      

   FLUPID                                                                 "250 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 30                                       34601017                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            DAMOR S.P.A.         

   FLUXIDIN                                                            "250 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 30                                       35123013                EPIFARMA S.R.L      

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                                              

   KLODIN                                                                "250 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  25602018                ISTITUTO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAZIONALE SAVIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SRL                          

   OPTERON                                                            30 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE 250 MG                                          25585011                GIENNE PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

 

 

   TICLODONE                                                       "250 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 30                                       24716021                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   TICLOPIDINA                                                    "250 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 30                                       33088016                RATIOPHARM GMBH

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                                              

   TICLOPIDINA                                                    "250 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  28965010                ANGENERICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   TICLOPIDINA                                                    "250 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 30                                       33805019                HEXAL S.P.A.          

                                                                                     COMPRESSE RIVESTITE                                                                                                                                      

 

   TICLOPIDINA                                                    "250 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 30                                       33208012                MERCK GENERICS

                                                                                     COMPRESSE RIVESTITE                                                                                                    ITALIA S.P.A.          

   TICLOPIDINA                                                    "250 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  34110015                DOC GENERICI SRL

 

   TICLOPIDINA                                                    "250 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 30                                       33146010                TEVA PHARMA

                                                                                     COMPRESSE RIVESTITE                                                                                                    ITALIA S.R.L.            

   TICLOPIDINA                                                    "250 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 30                                       35089010                PLIVA PHARMA

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   TICLOPIDINA                                                    "250 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 30                                       35057013                UNION HEALTH

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                         

   TICLOPIDINA                                                    "250 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   33295015                ERREKAPPA

                                                                                     FILM" 30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        EUROTERAPICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   TICLOPIDINA                                                    "250 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   29296011                DOROM S.R.L.          

                                                                                     FILM" 30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                          

   TICLOPIDINA                                                    "250 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 30                                       35095013                BENEDETTI S.P.A. 

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                                               

   TICLOPIDINA                                                    "250 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 30                                       35098019                EG S.P.A.                 

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                                               

   TICLOPIDINA SANWIN                                30 COMPRESSE 250 MG                                                                 25791031                SANWIN S.R.L.        

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

   TIKLID                                                                   "250MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 30                                        24453021                SANOFI-SYNTHELA

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            BO S.P.A.                 

 


Nota 9 bis

Antiaggreganti:

-    clopidogrel

La prescrizione a carico del SSN su diagnosi e piano terapeutico, della durata di 6 mesi prolungabile fino a  12 mesi, dei centri specializzati, Universitari o delle Aziende Sanitarie, individuati dalle Regioni e dalle Province autonome di Trento e Bolzano è limitata ai pazienti con:

 

-          sindromi coronariche acute senza innalzamento del tratto ST (angina instabile o infarto del miocardio senza onda Q) in associazione con ASA a basse dosi.

 

La prescrizione di clopidogrel non è rimborsata dal SSN per altre indicazioni autorizzate.

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi.

Clopidogrel è un antiaggregante piastrinico della classe delle tienopiridine (come la ticlopidina).

Il meccanismo d’azione, diverso da quello dell’acido acetilsalicilico, si esplica in quanto il suo metabolita attivo si lega irreversibilmente al recettore per ADP presente sulla superficie piastrinica inibendo il rilascio dei composti contenuti nei granuli densi piastrinici (Ca++, 5Ht e nuovo ADP) e di quelli contenuti nei granuli α (fibrinogeno e trombospondina).

L’effetto antiaggregante di clopidogrel dipende dalla concentrazione ematica: una significativa inibizione della aggregazione piastrinica si ottiene dopo un carico di 300 mg seguito da un dosaggio di mantenimento di 75 mg /die (1, 2). Dosi più elevate non determinano maggiore attività.

Lo studio CURE (Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent Events) (3, 4) ha valutato l’efficacia e la sicurezza di clopidogrel associato all’aspirina in pazienti con sindromi coronariche acute senza sopraslivellamento del tratto ST, che presentano un’elevata incidenza di eventi vascolari gravi. Un totale di 12.562 pazienti con comparsa di sintomi entro 24 ore, sono stati randomizzati a ricevere clopidogrel (dosaggio di carico: 300 mg, seguiti da dosaggio di mantenimento: 75 mg/die: n = 6.259) o placebo (n = 6.303), oltre all’aspirina per 3-12 mesi. L’end-point primario (morte per cause cardiovascolari, infarto del miocardio non fatale, ictus) è stato raggiunto nel 9,3% dei pazienti del gruppo clopidogrel e nell’11,4% nel gruppo placebo. L’end-point secondario (ischemia refrattaria) si è presentato nel 16,5% dei pazienti nel gruppo clopidogrel e nel 18,8% dei pazienti del gruppo placebo. L’incidenza in ospedale di grave ischemia, ischemia refrattaria, insufficienza cardiaca, rivascolarizzazione  è risultata più bassa nel gruppo clopidogrel. Nel gruppo trattato con clopidogrel l’incidenza di sanguinamenti maggiori è stata del 3,7% contro il 2,7% del gruppo placebo. Il sanguinamento grave, con pericolo per la vita, si è avuto nel 2,2% versus 1,8%, l’ictus emorragico nello 0,1%, versus 0,1%, rispettivamente. L’antiaggregante piastrinico clopidogrel si è mostrato efficace nei pazienti con sindromi coronariche acute senza sopraslivellamento ST con accettabile profilo di sicurezza.

I risultati indicano che con l’aggiunta di clopidogrel alla terapia standard, dopo 9-12 mesi di trattamento, si ottiene una diminuzione di mortalità cardiovascolare, infarto e ictus pari a un quinto. Anche gli episodi di ischemia ricorrente e quelli di scompenso cardiaco, successivi alla sindrome coronarica acuta, sono risultati ridotti in modo significativo. Si tratta di vantaggi essenziali per migliorare in modo decisivo la terapia delle sindromi coronariche acute che ogni anno, in Italia, costringono al ricovero 80 mila persone. I risultati del CURE sono applicabili a tutti i pazienti, uomini e donne di qualsiasi età, qualunque sia la terapia che stanno seguendo in quel momento (4-5).

Il farmaco può indurre rari casi di trombocitopenia (0,2%) e/o leucopenia (0,1%), talora grave (0,04%), ma l’effetto collaterale più temibile è rappresentato da episodi di sanguinamento talora anche gravi e richiedenti trattamenti salvavita o trasfusionali.

Particolare attenzione va riservata al trattamento di pazienti ad alto rischio emorragico (pregressa ulcera peptica, varici esofagee).

 

Bibliografia

1.        Gli antiaggreganti piastrinici nella prevenzione di eventi cardiaci e cerebrovascolari. BIF 2000;2:3-11. Roma, Ministero della salute.

2.        CAPRIE Steering Commitee: A randomized blinded trial of Clopidogrel vs. aspirin in patients at risk of ischemic events. Lancet 1996;348:1329-39.

3.        Yusuf S, Flather M, Pogue J, et al  for OASIS (Organization to Assess Strategies for Ischemic Syndromes) Registry Investigators. Variations Between countries in invasive cardiac procedures and outcomes in patients with suspected unstable angina or myocardial infarction without initial ST elevation. Lancet 1998;352:507-514.

4.        The Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events (CURE) Trial Investigators. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in Patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2001;345:494-502

5.        MaseriI A, et al.  Il ruolo del clopidogrel nelle sindromi coronariche acute senza sopralivellamento S-T. Ital. Heart J. 2002; 3 suppl:187-97.

 

 

 

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              CLOPIDOGREL                                                                        B01AC04

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ISCOVER                                                               "75" 28 COMPRESSE FILMRIVESTITE                                       34116018                BRISTOL-MYERS

                                                                                     75 MG IN BLISTER                                                                                                                SQUIBB PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            EEIG                         

   PLAVIX                                                                 "75" 28 COMPRESSE FILMRIVESTITE                                       34128013                SANOFI PHARMA

                                                                                     75 MG IN BLISTER                                                                                                                BRISTOL-MYERS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SQUIBB SNC           

 


Nota 10

-    acido folico

-    cianocobalamina

-    idrossicobalamina

La prescrizione a carico del SSN è limitata ai pazienti con:

 

-          anemie megaloblastiche dovute a carenza di vitamina B12 e/o di folati.

 

La prescrizione di acido folico e vitamina B12 non è rimborsata dal SSN per altre indicazioni autorizzate.

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              ACIDO FOLICO                                                                       B03BB01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   FOLINA                                                                 "15 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE                                2309033                  SCHWARZ PHARMA

                                                                                     PER USO I.M." 5 FIALE DA 2 ML                                                                                     S.P.A                       

   FOLINA                                                                 "5 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 20 CAPSULE                                  2309045                  SCHWARZ PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             S.P.A                        

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              CIANOCOBALAMINA *                                                          B03BA01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   DOBETIN                                                              "1000" 5 FIALE 1000 MCG 1 ML                                                   3785033                  AZ. CHIM. RIUN.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ANGELINI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FRANCESCO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ACRAF SPA             

   DOBETIN                                                              GOCCE ORALI 15 ML 20 MCG/ML                                            3785058                  AZ. CHIM. RIUN.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ANGELINI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FRANCESCO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ACRAF SPA             

   ERITROVIT B12                                                  IM 5 FIALE 1000 MCG                                                                      9417027                  LABORATORIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            LISAPHARMA S.P.A.

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              IDROXOCOBALAMINA                                                          B03BA03

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   NEO CYTAMEN                                                "1000" IM IV OS 6 FIALE 2,5 ML 1000                                        19969029                TEOFARMA S.R.L.   

                                                                                     MCG                                                                                                                                                                               

 


Nota 11

-    acido folinico e suoi analoghi

La prescrizione a carico del SSN è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

 

-          recupero (rescue) dopo terapia con antagonisti dell’acido diidrofolico;

-          chemioterapia antinfettiva di associazione con pirimetamina.

 

La prescrizione di acido folinico e dei suoi analoghi non è rimborsata dal SSN per altre indicazioni autorizzate.

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

L’erogazione di acido folinico a totale carico del SSN è consentita nelle seguenti formulazioni ed indicazioni:

a) nelle forme orali ed in quelle iniettabili per uso ospedaliero, per contrastare la tossicità a livello del midollo emopoietico, della mucosa gastrointestinale e della cute dopo somministrazione a scopo antitumorale del metotrexato, antagonista della diidrofolato reduttasi;

b) nelle forme iniettabili per uso ospedaliero, in associazione a 5FU, per modularne l’efficacia terapeutica.

L'utilizzo del farmaco per altre indicazioni non ha motivazioni ai fini dell’ammissione alla rimborsabilità.

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              CALCIO FOLINATO                                                                V03AF03

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   SANIFOLIN                                                         1 FLAC. 50 MG IM IV                                                                         27683046                FAR.G.IM. S.R.L.      

 


Nota 12

Eritropoietina e nuove preparazioni:

-    darbepoetina a

-    epoetina a

-    epoetina b

 

La prescrizione a carico del SSN, su diagnosi e piano terapeutico di centri specializzati, Universitari o delle Aziende Sanitarie, individuati dalle Regioni e dalle Province autonome di Trento e Bolzano, è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

 

-        trattamento dell’anemia (Hb < 11 g/dL) associata ad insufficienza renale cronica in bambini e in adulti sia in trattamento dialitico sia in trattamento conservativo; quando Hb > 12 g/dL il trattamento deve essere interrotto;

-         trattamento dell’anemia (Hb < 10 g/dL ma non < 8 g/dL) nei pazienti oncologici che ricevono chemioterapia antiblastica; in caso di Hb < 8 g/dL è è indicata l’emotrasfusione;

-        trattamento dell'anemia (Hb < 10 g/dL o riduzione dell'emoglobina ≥ 2 g/dL durante un qualsiasi periodo di 4 settimane di trattamento) nei pazienti trapiantati di fegato o con diagnosi clinica o istologica di cirrosi, che ricevono ribavirina in combinazione con interferone standard o peghilato e che presentano risposta virologica alla terapia;

-        in pazienti HIV pluritrattati con anemia (Hb < 8,5 g/dL) nei quali l'uso di farmaci anemizzanti è l'unica alternativa terapeutica.

 

La prescrizione di epoetina a e b e darbepoetina a non è rimborsata dal SSN per altre indicazioni autorizzate.

 

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

L’impiego dell’eritropoietina per l’emodonazione ai fini dell’autotrasfusione è limitato all’ambiente ospedaliero.

La ribavirina, impiegata nel trattamento dell'epatite cronica da HCV induce universalmente anemia emolitica seppure con gravità eterogenea. Il 9% dei soggetti inclusi in trial clinici sulla terapia dell'epatite cronica da HCV che assumevano ribavirina ha richiesto riduzione della dose o interruzione del farmaco (1, 2). Una riduzione della dose di ribavirina è risultata negli stessi studi correlata ad una marcata diminuzione delle probabilità di risposta sostenuta (1, 2). Uno studio ha dimostrato che la somministrazione di eritropoietina è in grado di mantenere elevati livelli di emoglobina e dosi elevate di ribavirina in pazienti con anemia (3, 4). L'effetto dell'aderenza alla terapia sulle percentuali di risposta sostenuta e l'efficacia dei trattamenti anti epatite, anche in pazienti con malattia epatica avanzata (1, 2) in cui una risposta al trattamento è estremamente e rapidamente produttiva in termini di anni di vita salvati, sono stati ampiamente dimostrati. Si ritiene pertanto utile, in accordo con le linee guida internazionali (5), di consentirne l'uso come terapia aggiuntiva alla terapia con ribavirina, ma solo in gruppi di pazienti selezionati con risposta virologica alla terapia.

La risposta virologica è definita come negativizzazione della viremia HCV con PCR qualitativa o decremento rispetto al basale di almeno 1 logaritmo dopo meno di un mese di terapia o di due logaritmi dopo meno di tre mesi di terapia. La posologia e la frequenza della somministrazione andrà adattata sulla risposta del singolo paziente in maniera tale da mantenere livelli di emoglobina stabili (con decrementi inferiori ai 2 g/dL in 4 settimane e > 10 g/dL) durante il trattamento.

L'anemia indotta dai farmaci antiretrovirali può limitarne l'impiego laddove le opzioni terapeutiche siano già ridotte. In tale contesto è stata ampiamente dimostrata l'utilità dell'eritropoietina in termini di miglioramento della qualità di vita e dell'anemia. La posologia e la frequenza della somministrazione andrà adattata sulla risposta del singolo paziente in maniera tale da mantenere livelli di emoglobina stabili (> 8,5 g/dL) durante il trattamento (6,7).

 

Bibliografia

1.        Manns MP, et al. and the International Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group. Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomised trial. Lancet 2001;358:958-65.

2.        Fried MW, et al. Peg Interferon alf 2a plus Ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 975-82.

3.        Talal H, et al. A preliminary study of erythropoietin for anemia associated with ribavirin and interferon-alpha. Am J Gastroenterol 2001 Sep;96(9):2802-4.

4.        Dieterich DT. Treatment of hepatitis C and anemia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J Infect Dis 2002 May 15;185 Suppl 2:S128-37

5.        National Institutes of health consensus development conference statement: Management of hepatitis C: 2002 – June 10-12 2002. Hepatology 2002; 36: S3-S20.

6.        Volberding P. The impact of anemia on quality of life in Huiman Immunodeficiency Virus- Infected patients J Infect Dis 2002; 185(Suppl2) S110-4.

7.        Fischl M. Recombinant human erythropoietin for patients with AIDS treated with zidovudine. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 1488-93.

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              DARBEPOETINA ALFA                                                          B03XA02 

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ARANESP                                                            40 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                       35691094                AMGEN EUROPE

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,4 ML USO                                                                           B.V.                           

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO E ENDOVENOSO                                                                                                               

   ARANESP                                                            80 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                       35691157                AMGEN EUROPE

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,4 ML USO                                                                           B.V.                          

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO E ENDOVENOSO                                                                                                               

   ARANESP                                                            50 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                       35691118                AMGEN EUROPE

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,5 ML USO                                                                           B.V.                          

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO E ENDOVENOSO                                                                                                               

   ARANESP                                                            30 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                       35691070                AMGEN EUROPE

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,3 ML USO                                                                           B.V.                          

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO E ENDOVENOSO                                                                                                               

   ARANESP                                                            20 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                       35691056                AMGEN EUROPE

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,5 ML USO                                                                           B.V.                          

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO E ENDOVENOSO                                                                                                               

   ARANESP                                                            150 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                    35691195                AMGEN EUROPE

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,3 ML USO                                                                           B.V.                          

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO E ENDOVENOSO                                                                                                               

   ARANESP                                                            15 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                       35691031                AMGEN EUROPE

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,375 ML USO                                                                      B.V.                          

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO E ENDOVENOSO                                                                                                               

   ARANESP                                                            100 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                    35691171                AMGEN EUROPE

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,5 ML USO                                                                           B.V.                           

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO E ENDOVENOSO                                                                                                               

   ARANESP                                                            10 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                       35691017                AMGEN EUROPE

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,4 ML USO                                                                           B.V.                          

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO E ENDOVENOSO                                                                                                               

   ARANESP                                                            60 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                       35691132                AMGEN EUROPE

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,3 ML USO                                                                           B.V.                          

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO E ENDOVENOSO                                                                                                               

   NESPO                                                                   20 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                       35216050                DOMPE' BIOTEC

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,5 ML USO                                                                           S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO ED ENDOVENOSO                                                                                                           

   NESPO                                                                   30 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                       35216074                DOMPE' BIOTEC

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,3 ML USO                                                                           S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO ED ENDOVENOSO                                                                                                           

   NESPO                                                                   80 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                       35216151                DOMPE' BIOTEC

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,4 ML USO                                                                           S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO ED ENDOVENOSO                                                                                                           

   NESPO                                                                   60 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                       35216136                DOMPE' BIOTEC

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,3 ML USO                                                                           S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO ED ENDOVENOSO                                                                                                           

   NESPO                                                                   50 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                       35216112                DOMPE' BIOTEC

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,5 ML USO                                                                           S.P.A.                        

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO ED ENDOVENOSO                                                                                                           

   NESPO                                                                   10 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                       35216011                DOMPE' BIOTEC

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,4 ML USO                                                                           S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO ED ENDOVENOSO                                                                                                           

   NESPO                                                                   150 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                    35216199                DOMPE' BIOTEC

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,3 ML USO                                                                           S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO ED ENDOVENOSO                                                                                                           

   NESPO                                                                   15 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                       35216035                DOMPE' BIOTEC

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,375 ML USO                                                                      S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO ED ENDOVENOSO                                                                                                           

   NESPO                                                                   100 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                    35216175                DOMPE' BIOTEC

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,5 ML USO                                                                           S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO ED ENDOVENOSO                                                                                                           

   NESPO                                                                   40 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                       35216098                DOMPE' BIOTEC

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,4 ML USO                                                                           S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO ED ENDOVENOSO                                                                                                           

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              EPOETINA ALFA *                                                                  B03XA01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   EPREX                                                                   1 SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA DA 5000                                          27015231                JANSSEN CILAG

                                                                                     UI/0.5 ML                                                                                                                                   S.P.A.                       

   EPREX                                                                   1 SIRINGA TAMP FOSF 4000UI/0,4ML                                     27015179                JANSSEN CILAG

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   EPREX                                                                   1 SIRINGA TAMP FOSF 2000UI/0,5ML                                     27015155                JANSSEN CILAG

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   EPREX                                                                   1 SIRINGA TAMP FOSF 1000UI/0,5ML                                     27015142                JANSSEN CILAG

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   EPREX                                                                   1 SIRINGA TAMP FOSF 10000UI/1ML                                      27015181                JANSSEN CILAG

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   EPREX                                                                   1 SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA DA 6000                                          27015243                JANSSEN CILAG

                                                                                     UI/0.6 ML                                                                                                                                   S.P.A.                       

   EPREX                                                                   1 SIR TAMP FOSF 3000UI/0,3 ML                                                27015167                JANSSEN CILAG

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   EPREX                                                                   1 FLAC. 1 ML 4000 U/ML                                                                27015041                JANSSEN CILAG

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   EPREX                                                                   1 SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA DA 8000                                          27015268                JANSSEN CILAG

                                                                                     UI/0.8 ML                                                                                                                                   S.P.A.                       

   GLOBUREN                                                        1 SIRINGA PRONTA TAMP FOSF 0,4 ML                                27296173                JANSSEN-CILAG

                                                                                      4000UI                                                                                                                                       GMBH                       

   GLOBUREN                                                        1SIRINGA PRONTA TAM FOSF 1ML                                         27296185                JANSSEN-CILAG

                                                                                     10000UI                                                                                                                                      GMBH                       

   GLOBUREN                                                        1 SIRINGA PRONTA TAMP FOSF 0,5 ML                                27296146                JANSSEN-CILAG

                                                                                      1000UI                                                                                                                                       GMBH                       

   GLOBUREN                                                        1 SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA DA                                                     27296262                JANSSEN-CILAG

                                                                                     8000UI/0.8 ML                                                                                                                         GMBH                       

   GLOBUREN                                                        1 SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA DA                                                     27296247                JANSSEN-CILAG

                                                                                     6000UI/0,6 ML                                                                                                                         GMBH                       

   GLOBUREN                                                        1 SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA DA                                                     27296235                JANSSEN-CILAG

                                                                                     5000UI/0,5 ML                                                                                                                         GMBH                        

   GLOBUREN                                                        1 SIR PR TAMP FOSF 0,3 ML 3000UI                                         27296161                JANSSEN-CILAG

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GMBH                        

   GLOBUREN                                                        1 SIRINGA PRONTA TAMP FOSF 0,5 ML                                27296159                JANSSEN-CILAG

                                                                                      2000UI                                                                                                                                       GMBH                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              EPOETINA BETA                                                                     B03XA01 

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   NEORECORMON                                              4000 UI  SOLUZIONE PER INIEZIONE 1                                 34430417                ROCHE

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA DI VETRO USO                                                                    REGISTRATION

                                                                                      EV/SC                                                                                                                                         LIMITED                   

   NEORECORMON                                              5000 IU/0,3 ML SOLUZIONE                                                         34430330                ROCHE

                                                                                     INIETTABILE 1 SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA                                                                   REGISTRATION

                                                                                      SC-IV                                                                                                                                           LIMITED                   

   NEORECORMON                                              3000 IU/0,3 ML SOLUZIONE                                                         34430316                ROCHE

                                                                                     INIETTABILE 1 SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA                                                                   REGISTRATION

                                                                                      SC-IV                                                                                                                                           LIMITED                   

   NEORECORMON                                              2000 IU/0,3 ML SOLUZIONE                                                         34430292                ROCHE

                                                                                     INIETTABILE 1 SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA                                                                   REGISTRATION

                                                                                      SC-IV                                                                                                                                           LIMITED                   

   NEORECORMON                                              10000 IU/0,6 ML SOLUZIONE                                                      34430355                ROCHE

                                                                                     INIETTABILE 1 SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA                                                                   REGISTRATION

                                                                                      SC-IV                                                                                                                                           LIMITED                   

   NEORECORMON                                              1000 IU/0,3 ML SOLUZIONE                                                         34430278                ROCHE

                                                                                     INIETTABILE 1 SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA                                                                   REGISTRATION

                                                                                      SC-IV                                                                                                                                           LIMITED                     

   NEORECORMON                                              6000 UI  SOLUZIONE PER INIEZIONE 1                                 34430431                ROCHE

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA DI VETRO USO                                                                    REGISTRATION

             EV/SC                                                                                                                                          LIMITED    

 


Nota 13

Ipolipemizzanti:

 

Fibrati:

-    bezafibrato

-    fenofibrato

-    gemfibrozil

 

Statine:

-    atorvastatina

-    fluvastatina

-    pravastatina

-    rosuvastatina

-    simvastatina

 

Altri ipolipemizzanti ed ipotrigliceridemizzanti:

-    omega-3-tricliceridi

La prescrizione a carico del SSN è limitata ai pazienti affetti da:

 

-         dislipidemie familiari:

 

               bezafibrato, fenofibrato, gemfibrozil, simfibrato;

               atorvastatina, fluvastatina, pravastatina, rosuvastatina, simvastatina;

               omega-3-tricliceridi

 

 

-          ipercolesterolemia non corretta dalla sola dieta:

§         in soggetti a rischio elevato di un primo evento cardiovascolare maggiore [rischio a 10 anni ³ 20% in base alle Carte di Rischio del Progetto Cuore dell’Istituto Superiore di Sanità] (prevenzione primaria);

§         in soggetti con coronaropatia documentata o pregresso ictus o arteriopatia obliterante periferica o pregresso infarto o diabete (prevenzione secondaria);

 

               atorvastatina, fluvastatina, pravastatina, rosuvastatina, simvastatina;

 

 

-          ipertrigliceridemia non corretta dalla sola dieta e da altre misure non farmacologiche

§         in soggetti con pregresso infarto del miocardio (prevenzione secondaria);

 

               omega-3-tricliceridi

 

Limitatamente all’utilizzazione degli alti dosaggi di atorvastatina (40 mg) e di rosuvastatina (40 mg), la prescrizione e la rimborsabilità sono consentite, solo su diagnosi e piano terapeutico di strutture specialistiche delle Aziende Sanitarie, allo scopo di una più adeguata valutazione della tollerabilità e del profilo di beneficio-rischio.

 

L’uso dei farmaci ipolipemizzanti deve essere continuativo e non occasionale. Lo stesso, comunque, va inserito in un contesto più generale di controllo degli stili di vita (alimentazione, fumo, attività fisica, etc.).

La strategia terapeutica (incluso l’impiego delle statine) va definita in base alla valutazione del rischio cardiovascolare globale e non di ogni singolo fattore di rischio, facendo riferimento alle Carte di Rischio Cardiovascolare elaborate dall’Istituto Superiore di Sanità all’interno del Progetto Cuore (

www.cuore.iss.it

).

 

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

Dislipidemie familiari

Le dislipidemie familiari sono malattie su base genetica a carattere autosomico (recessivo, dominante o co-dominante a seconda della malattia) caratterizzate da elevati livelli di alcune frazioni lipidiche del sangue e da una grave e precoce insorgenza di malattia coronaria. Le dislipidemie sono state finora distinte secondo la classificazione di Frederickson, basata sull’individuazione delle frazioni lipoproteiche aumentate. Più recentemente è stata proposta una classificazione basata sull’eziologia molecolare e sulla patofisiologia delle alterazioni lipoproteiche (chilomicronemia, disbetalipoproteinemia, iperlipemia combinata, ipertrigliceridemia, carenza della lipasi epatica, ipercolesterolemia, difetto di ApoB100). La rarità di alcune di queste forme, la complessità della classificazione e dell’inquadramento genetico e l’elevato rischio di eventi cardiovascolari precoci suggeriscono di fare riferimento a centri specializzati cui indirizzare i pazienti ai quali viene formulata un’ipotesi diagnostica di dislipidemia familiare. Per i pazienti con diagnosi accertata di dislipidemia familiare tutti i farmaci ipolipemizzanti sono in fascia A.

Ipercolesterolemia non corretta dalla sola dieta in soggetti a rischio elevato di un primo evento cardiovascolare maggiore [rischio di infarto a 10 anni ³ 20% in base alle carte di rischio del Progetto Cuore dell’Istituto Superiore di Sanità].

Nelle malattie cardiovascolari non è individuabile una causa unica. Sono noti diversi fattori che aumentano nella persona il rischio di sviluppare la malattia e predispongono l’organismo ad ammalarsi. I più importanti sono: abitudine al fumo di sigaretta, diabete, valori elevati della colesterolemia, ipertensione arteriosa, età e sesso e, inoltre, la scarsa attività fisica, l’obesità e la familiarità alla malattia.

L’entità del rischio che ogni persona ha di sviluppare la malattia dipende dalla combinazione dei fattori di rischio o meglio dalla combinazione dei loro livelli.

Vengono considerati a rischio elevato i soggetti che, in base alla combinazione dei 6 principali fattori (età, sesso, diabete, fumo, valori di pressione arteriosa e di colesterolemia), abbiano un rischio maggiore del 20% di sviluppare un evento cardiovascolare nei successivi 10 anni. Tale rischio può essere stimato utilizzando la carta del rischio cardiovascolare elaborata dall’Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Progetto Cuore, www.cuore.iss.it). Starà al giudizio del medico modulare verso il basso la stima del rischio nei pazienti ipercolesterolemici nei quali è già in atto un controllo farmacologico o non farmacologico di altri fattori di rischio (obesità, ipertensione, diabete). In tali casi, il medico potrà decidere quale o quali trattamenti farmacologici privilegiare, anche in base ai livelli dei diversi fattori considerati, non essendo proponibile assumere medicine per ognuno di essi.

Solo per due molecole (pravastatina e simvastatina) è stato dimostrato che la riduzione dell’ipercolesterolemia è associata alla riduzione dell’incidenza di eventi coronarici. Per le restanti molecole si dispone solo dell’end-point surrogato della riduzione del colesterolo.

 

Bibliografia di riferimento

1.        National Institutes of Health. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Final Report. NIH Publication No. 02-5215 September 2002; VII-1.

2.        National Institutes of Health. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Final Report. NIH Publication No. 02-5215 September 2002; II-50.

3.        Haffner SM, Lehto S, Rönnemaa T, Pyörälä K, Laakso M. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 229-34.

4.        Malmberg K, Yusuf S, Gerstein HC, Brown J, Zhao F, Hunt D, Piegas L, Calvin J, Keltai M, Budaj A, for the OASIS Registry Investigators. Impact of diabetes on long-term prognosis in patients with unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: results of the OASIS (Organization to Assess Strategies for Ischemic Syndromes) Registry. Circulation 2000; 102: 1014-9.

5.        Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Effects of an angiotensin-convertingenzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 145-53.

6.        Progetto Cuore. Italian Heart Journal 2004, in press.

7.        Sacks FM, Tonkin AM, Shepherd J, Braunwald E, Cobbe S, Hawkins CM, Keech A, Packard C, Simes J, Byington R, Furberg CD, for the Prospective Pravastatin Pooling Project Investigators Group. Effect of pravastatin on coronary disease events in subgroups defined by coronary risk factors: the Prospective Pravastatin Pooling Project. Circulation 2000; 102: 1893-900.

8.        Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994; 344: 1383-9.

9.        Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, Whitney E, Shapiro, DR, Beere PA, Langendorfer A, Stein EA, Kruyer W, Gotto AM Jr, for the AFCAPS/TexCAPS Research Group. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. JAMA 1998; 279: 1615-22.

10.     Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, Isles CG, Lorimer AR, Macfarlane PW, McKillop JH, Packard CJ, for the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 1995;333: 1301-7.

11.     Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial." Lancet 2002; 360: 7-22.

12.     Sever PS, et al. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid-Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet 2003; 361: 1149-1158.

13.     Rubins HB, Robins SJ, Collins D, Fye CL, Anderson JW, Elam MB, Faas FH, Linares E, Schaefer EJ, Schectman G, Wilt TJ, Wittes J, for the Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial Study Group. Gemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in men with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 410-8.

 

 

 

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

PRINCIPIO ATTIVO                 ATORVASTATINA                                                                    C10AA05

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   LIPITOR                                                                "10" 10 COMPRESSE 10 MG                                                           33008018                WARNER LAMBERT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             CONSUMER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            HEALTHCARE         

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  S.COM.P.A.        

   LIPITOR                                                                "20" 10 COMPRESSE 20 MG                                                           33008032                WARNER LAMBERT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             CONSUMER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            HEALTHCARE         

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  S.COM.P.A.        

   TORVAST                                                              "40" 30 COMPRESSE 40 MG                                                           33007067                PFIZER ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   TORVAST                                                              "10" 10 COMPRESSE 10 MG                                                           33007016                PFIZER ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   TORVAST                                                              "10" 30 COMPRESSE 10 MG                                                           33007028                PFIZER ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   TORVAST                                                              "20" 10 COMPRESSE 20 MG                                                           33007030                PFIZER ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   TORVAST                                                              "20" 30 COMPRESSE 20 MG                                                           33007042                PFIZER ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   TOTALIP                                                               "40" 30 COMPRESSE 40 MG                                                           33006065                LABORATORI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GUIDOTTI S.P.A.      

   TOTALIP                                                               "20" 30 COMPRESSE 20 MG                                                           33006040                LABORATORI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GUIDOTTI S.P.A.     

   TOTALIP                                                               "10" 10 COMPRESSE 10 MG                                                           33006014                LABORATORI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GUIDOTTI S.P.A.      

   TOTALIP                                                               "10" 30 COMPRESSE 10 MG                                                           33006026                LABORATORI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GUIDOTTI S.P.A.      

   TOTALIP                                                               "20" 10 COMPRESSE 20 MG                                                           33006038                LABORATORI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GUIDOTTI S.P.A.     

   XARATOR                                                            "10" 10 COMPRESSE 10 MG                                                           33005012                PARKE DAVIS SPA

    XARATOR                                                           "20" 10 COMPRESSE 20 MG                                                           33005036                PARKE DAVIS SPA 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              BEZAFIBRATO                                                                         C10AB02

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   BEZALIP                                                               "200 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   24732012                ROCHE S.P.A.         

                                                                                     FILM" 50 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                          

   BEZALIP                                                               "400 MG COMPRESSE A RILASCIO                                           24732024                ROCHE S.P.A.         

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                     

   HADIEL                                                                "400 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE A                                          26015026                VECCHI & C PIAM

                                                                                     RILASCIO PROLUNGATO" 30                                                                                         S.A.P.A.                   

                                                                                     COMPRESSE A RILASCIO                                                                                                                                   

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO                                                                                                                                             

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              FENOFIBRATO *                                                                     C10AB05

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   FULCRO                                                                "200 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE"20                                                    28590014                FOURNIER PHARMA

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                   S.P.A.                      

   LIPOFENE                                                           50 CAPSULE 100 MG                                                                       24157036                TEOFARMA S.R.L.   

   LIPSIN                                                                   "200 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE"20                                                    29257019                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                  CABER S.P.A.         

   NOLIPAX                                                             50 CAPSULE 100 MG                                                                       24948010                SALUS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RESEARCHES

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   TILENE                                                                  30 CAPSULE 100 MG                                                                       25572013                FRANCIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOLOGICA S.R.L.   

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              FLUVASTATINA *                                                                    C10AA04

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   LESCOL                                                                "40 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 14 CAPSULE                               29163021                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   LESCOL                                                                "80 MG COMPRESSE RILASCIO                                                  29163033                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 28 COMPRESSE                                                                                   S.P.A.                       

   LIPAXAN                                                             "80 MG COMPRESSE RILASCIO                                                  29199041                ITALFARMACO

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 28 COMPRESSE                                                                                   S.P.A.                       

   LIPAXAN                                                             "40 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE"  14                                                     29199027                ITALFARMACO

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                  S.P.A.                       

   PRIMESIN                                                            "80 MG COMPRESSE A RILASCIO                                             29416068                SCHWARZ PHARMA

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO " 28 COMPRESSE                                                                                   S.P.A                       

   PRIMESIN                                                            "40 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 14 CAPSULE                               29416043                SCHWARZ PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             S.P.A                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              GEMFIBROZIL *                                                                     C10AB04

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   FIBROCIT                                                              "TC" 20 COMPRESSE 900 MG                                                        26903029                LABORATORIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C.T. S.R.L.               

   FIBROCIT                                                              30 COMPRESSE 600 MG                                                                 26903017                LABORATORIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C.T. S.R.L.                

   GEMFIBROZIL                                                   "900 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 20                                       33997026                TEVA PHARMA

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            ITALIA S.R.L.           

   GEMFIBROZIL                                                   "900 MG COMPRESSE" 20 COMPRESSE                                  34080022                DOC GENERICI SRL

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   GEMFIBROZIL                                                   "900 MG COMPRESSE" 20 COMPRESSE                                  33786029                GNR SPA                 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   GEMFIBROZIL                                                   "900 MG COMPRESSE" 20 COMPRESSE                                  29512011                EG S.P.A.                 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   GEMFIBROZIL                                                   "900 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   33282029                MERCK GENERICS

                                                                                     FILM" 20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        ITALIA S.P.A.          

   GEMFIBROZIL                                                   "600 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  34080010                DOC GENERICI SRL

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   GEMFIBROZIL                                                   "600 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   33282017                MERCK GENERICS

                                                                                     FILM" 30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        ITALIA S.P.A.          

   GEMFIBROZIL                                                   "900 MG COMPRESSE" 20 COMPRESSE                                  32098016                RATIOPHARM GMBH

   GEMLIPID                                                           "TC" 20 COMPRESSE 900 MG                                                        26334033                F.I.R.M.A. SPA         

   GEMLIPID                                                           30 COMPRESSE 600 MG                                                                 26334019                F.I.R.M.A. SPA         

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   GENLIP                                                                 "TC" 20 COMPRESSE 900 MG                                                        26737039                TEOFARMA S.R.L.   

   GENLIP                                                                 30 COMPRESSE 600 MG                                                                 26737015                TEOFARMA S.R.L.   

   GENOZIL                                                              "600 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   31247012                PULITZER

                                                                                     FILM" 30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        ITALIANA S.R.L.      

   GENOZIL                                                              "900 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   31247024                PULITZER

                                                                                     FILM" 20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        ITALIANA S.R.L.      

   LIPOGEN                                                             "900 MG COMPRESSE" 20 COMPRESSE                                  33397023                BIORES ITALIA

   LIPOZID                                                                "600 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   25443060                PHARMACIA ITALIA

                                                                                     FILM" 30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        S.P.A.                       

   LIPOZID                                                                "900 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   25443096                PHARMACIA ITALIA

                                                                                     FILM" 20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        S.P.A.                       

   LOPID                                                                    "600 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 30                                       25445026                PFIZER ITALIA

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   LOPID                                                                    "900 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 20                                       25445053                PFIZER ITALIA

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            S.R.L.       

 

GEMFIBROZIL EG

"600 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE

029512023

EG SpA

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO               OMEGA 3 TRIGLICERIDI*                                                    C10AX06

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

 

ESAPENT                                                                "1G CAPSULE MOLLI" 20 CAPSULE                                       27617024               PHARMACIA ITALIA SpA

 

ESKIM                                                                       1000MG CAPSULE MOLLI, 20 CAPSULE                              27618040               SIGMATAU SpA

 

SEACOR                                                                   1000MG CAPSULE MOLLI, 20 CAPSULE                              27616022               SPA (SOC.PRO.ANTIBIOTICI)SpA

 

 

 

 

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              PRAVASTATINA                                                                       C10AA03

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   APLACTIN                                                           "20 MG COMPRESSE" 10 COMPRESSE                                    27786021                UPSA S.R.L.            

   APLACTIN                                                           "40 MG COMPRESSE" 14 COMPRESSE                                    27786033                UPSA S.R.L.            

   PRASTEROL                                                       "20 MG COMPRESSE" 10 COMPRESSE                                    27776018                ISTITUTO LUSO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACO D'ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   PRASTEROL                                                       "40 MG COMPRESSE" 14 COMPRESSE                                    27776032                ISTITUTO LUSO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACO D'ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

 

 

   PRAVASELECT                                                 "40 MG COMPRESSE" 14 COMPRESSE                                    27309032                A.MENARINI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE S.R.L.        

   PRAVASELECT                                                 "20 MG COMPRESSE" 10 COMPRESSE                                    27309018                A.MENARINI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE S.R.L.        

   SANAPRAV                                                         "20 MG COMPRESSE" 10 COMPRESSE                                    29371022                SANKYO PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIA S.P.A.          

   SANAPRAV                                                         "40 MG COMPRESSE" 14 COMPRESSE                                    29371034                SANKYO PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIA S.P.A.          

   SELECTIN                                                            "20 MG COMPRESSE" 10 COMPRESSE                                    27297011                BRISTOL MYERS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SQUIBB S.R.L.         

   SELECTIN                                                            "40 MG COMPRESSE" 14 COMPRESSE                                    27297035                BRISTOL MYERS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SQUIBB S.R.L.         

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              ROSUVASTATINA                                                                    C10AA 

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   CRESTOR                                                              28 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    35885209                ASTRAZENECA

                                                                                     IN BLISTER DA 20 MG                                                                                                        S.P.A.                       

   CRESTOR                                                              28 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    35885351                ASTRAZENECA

                                                                                     IN BLISTER DA 40 MG                                                                                                        S.P.A.                       

   CRESTOR                                                              28 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    35885058                ASTRAZENECA

                                                                                     IN BLISTER DA 10 MG                                                                                                        S.P.A.                       

   SIMESTAT                                                            28 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    35884055                SIMESA S.P.A.        

                                                                                     IN BLISTER DA 10 MG                                                                                                                                          

   SIMESTAT                                                            28 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    35884206                SIMESA S.P.A.        

                                                                                     IN BLISTER DA 20 MG                                                                                                                                          

   SIMESTAT                                                            28 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    35884358                SIMESA S.P.A.        

                                                                                     IN BLISTER DA 40 MG    

 

PROVISACOR

28 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM IN BLISTER

 DA 10 MG

035883053

ASTRAZENECA SpA

 

PROVISACOR

28 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM IN BLISTER

DA 20 MG

035883180

ASTRAZENECA SpA

 

PROVISACOR

28 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM IN BLISTER

DA 40 MG

035883356

ASTRAZENECA SpA

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              SIMVASTATINA                                                                       C10AA01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   LIPONORM                                                         "20 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                      27228028                ISTITUTO GENTILI

                                                                                     FILM" 10 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        S.P.A.                       

   LIPONORM                                                         "40 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                      27228030                ISTITUTO GENTILI

                                                                                     FILM" 10 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        S.P.A.                        

 

   MEDIPO                                                                "20 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                      28370029                MEDIOLANUM

                                                                                     FILM" 10 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   MEDIPO                                                                "40 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                      28370043                MEDIOLANUM

                                                                                     FILM" 10 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   SINVACOR                                                           "20 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                      27209028                MERCK SHARP E

                                                                                     FILM" 10 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        DOHME (ITALIA)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

 

   SINVACOR                                                           "40 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                      27209042                MERCK SHARP E

                                                                                     FILM" 10 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        DOHME (ITALIA)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                        

   SIVASTIN                                                              "40 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                      27208040                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                     FILM" 10 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   SIVASTIN                                                              "20 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                      27208026                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                     FILM" 10 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   ZOCOR                                                                   "20 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                      27216023                NEOPHARMED SPA

                                                                                     FILM" 10 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                          

   ZOCOR                                                                   "40 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                      27216035                NEOPHARMED SPA

                                                                                     FILM" 10 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                          

 

LIPONORM

" 20 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM

 " 28 COMPRESSE

027228079

ISTITUTO GENTILI S.p.A.

LIPONORM

" 40 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM

" 28 COMPRESSE

027228081

ISTITUTO GENTILI S.p.A.

SIVASTIN

" 20 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM

" 28 COMPRESSE

027208103

SIGMATAU SpA

SIVASTIN

" 40 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM

" 28 COMPRESSE

027208115

SIGMATAU SpA

ZOCOR

" 20 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM

" 28 COMPRESSE

027216098

NEOPHARMED SpA

ZOCOR

" 40 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM

" 28 COMPRESSE

027216100

NEOPHARMED SpA

 


Nota 15

-    Albumina umana

La prescrizione a carico del SSN, s u diagnosi e piano terapeutico di strutture specialistiche delle Aziende Sanitarie, è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

 

-          dopo paracentesi evacuativa nella cirrosi epatica;

-          grave ritenzione idrosalina nella cirrosi ascitica, nella sindrome nefrosica o nelle sindromi da malassorbimento (ad es. intestino corto post-chirurgico o da proteino-dispersione), non responsiva a un trattamento diuretico appropriato, specie se associata ad ipoalbuminemia ed in particolare a segni clinici di ipovolemia.

 

L’albumina non è rimborsata dal SSN per altre indicazioni autorizzate.

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

Il trattamento con albumina ha indicazioni non frequenti ed è spesso soggetto ad uso incongruo, sia in ospedale sia nella pratica extraospedaliera. Secondo linee guida non recenti elaborate da una Consensus Conference (1), l’albumina può trovare indicazione in pazienti in condizioni critiche con ipovolemia, ustioni estese o ipoalbuminemia. Più recentemente sono state pubblicate 3 meta-analisi relative all’impiego terapeutico dell’albumina: tutte e tre contrastano con questa indicazione.

La prima e la seconda (quest’ultima è un aggiornamento della prima) (2, 3), rispettivamente di 23 e 30 trial, hanno esaminato gli effetti dell’albumina in pazienti in condizioni critiche e con ipovolemia, ustioni o ipoalbuminemia. Queste due meta-analisi mostrano una mortalità più alta nei pazienti trattati con albumina che in quelli trattati con soluzioni di cristalloidi sia nei pazienti con ipovolemia, che in quelli con ustioni o con ipoalbuminemia. I risultati della prima di queste due meta‑analisi furono esaminati da un gruppo di esperti, riunito dal Committee on Safety of Medicines inglese, il quale concluse che “non c’è sufficiente evidenza per togliere l’albumina dal mercato”, raccomandando tuttavia prudenza e, in particolare, la sorveglianza per eventuale sovraccarico circolatorio nell’eventuale uso dell’albumina in queste condizioni (4).

La terza meta-analisi (5) ha esaminato separatamente i trial sull’uso di albumina in differenti condizioni. Anche in essa, i dati mostrano una tendenza netta, anche se non significativa, all’aumento di mortalità dopo trattamento con albumina nei pazienti chirurgici o traumatizzati (rischio relativo 1,12, intervallo di confidenza 95%: 0,85¸1,46), negli ustionati (rischio relativo 1,76, intervallo di confidenza 95%: 0,97¸3,17), e nei pazienti con ipoalbuminemia (rischio relativo 1,59, intervallo di confidenza 95%: 0,91¸2,78). Risultati sovrapponibili di effetti sfavorevoli dell’albumina si ritrovano in altre due revisioni sistematiche, che esaminavano i trial sull’uso di albumina o di altri colloidi (6, 7).

Di maggior interesse per la pratica extraospedaliera è l’eventuale impiego di albumina nella cirrosi e nelle sindromi nefrosiche. Nella cirrosi è generalmente ammesso, con qualche riserva, un effetto favorevole dell’albumina dopo paracentesi evacuativa (8, 9); più recentemente è stato riportato un effetto favorevole significativo di quantità molto alte di albumina sulla mortalità della peritonite batterica spontanea (SBP, dall’inglese Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis) (10). In entrambi i casi l’effetto sembra mediato attraverso la protezione della funzione renale. Uno schema di trattamento multifasico non usuale, studiato in un trial, ha mostrato un debole effetto favorevole di brevi cicli di albumina nei pazienti con grave ritenzione idrosalina non responsiva al trattamento diuretico (11); nello stesso trial, però, trattamenti prolungati non miglioravano la sopravvivenza né riducevano significativamente le complicanze. Nella meta-analisi di Wilkes e Navickis (5) sono inclusi quattro trial sull’uso di albumina nella cirrosi, esaminati separatamente da quelli condotti in altra patologia. Fra i quattro trial sono compresi i due sopracitati (10, 11). I risultati non sono significativi (rischio relativo 0,93, intervallo di confidenza 95%: 0,67¸1,28), e la minima tendenza favorevole si azzera se si prescinde dal trial sull’uso dell’albumina nella SBP.

Una ulteriore linea di evidenza emerge dall’esame di revisioni non sistematiche e di trattati recenti, che non citano l’impiego dell’albumina come complemento alla terapia diuretica nella cirrosi ascitica (9, 12-14); fra queste revisioni, l'aggiornamento al maggio 2000 delle linee guida dello University Hospital Consortium limiterebbe l'uso dell'albumina alle paracentesi evacuative e conclude che "l'uso dell’albumina senza paracentesi dovrebbe essere evitato"(14).

Occasionalmente, l’uso dell’albumina può apparire logico nella sindrome nefrosica o nelle condizioni di malassorbimento o proteino-dispersione intestinale, in cui l’edema massivo è associato a ipovolemia clinicamente manifesta (ipotensione, tachicardia, oliguria).

 

Bibliografia

1.       Vermeulen LC, et al. A paradigm for consensus. The University Hospital Consortium Guidelines for the use of albumin, nonprotein colloid and crystalloid solutions. Arch Intern Med 1995;155:373-9.

2.       Cochrane Injuries Group Albumin Reviewers. Human albumin administration in critically ill patients: systematic review of randomised controlled trial. BMJ 1998;317:235-40.

3.       The Albumin Reviewers (Alderson P et al). Human albumin solution for resuscitation and volume expansion in critically ill patients. (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, issue 3. Oxford: Update Software, 2001.

4.       Woodman R. Doctors advised to take special care with human albumin. BMJ 1999;318:1643.

5.       Wilkes MM, Navickis RJ. Patient survival after human albumin administration. A meta-analyisis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 2001;135:149-64.

6.       Schierhout G, Roberts I. Fluid resuscitation with colloid or crystalloid solutions in critically ill patients: a systematic review of randomized trials. BMJ 1998;316:961-4.

7.       Choi PT, et al. Crystalloids vs colloid in fluid resuscitation: a systematic review. Crit Care Med 1999;27:200-10.

8.       Gines A, et al. Randomized trial comparing albumin, dextran 70, and polygeline in cirrhotic patients with ascites treated with paracentesis. Gastroenterology 1996;111:1002-10.

9.       Runyon BA. AASLD Practice Guidelines. Management of adult patients with ascites caused by cirrhosis. Hepatology 1998;27:264-72.

10.    Sort P, et al. Effect of intravenous albumin on renal impairment and mortality in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. N Engl J Med 1999;341:403-9.

11.    Gentilini P, et al. Albumin improves the response to diuretics in patients with cirrhosis and ascites: results of a randomized, controlled trial. J Hepatol 1999;30:639-45.

12.    Gines P, et al. Ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: prevention and treatment. In: McDonald J, et al. Evidence-based gastroenterology and hepatology. BMJ Publ Group, eds. 1999:427-42.

13.    Gines P, et al. Renal complications of liver disease. In: Schiff’s diseases of the liver, 8th ed. Lippincott Williamds et Wilkins, 1999.

14.    University Hospital Consortium Guidelines. Technology Assessment: albumin, nonprotein colloid, and crystalloid solutions. UHC Publications, Update May 2000, Oak Brook Illinois:35-9.

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              ALBUMINA UMANA SOLUZIONE*                                     B05AA01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC              DITTA

   ALBITAL                                                              "200 MG/ML SOLUZIONE PER                                                    22515163                HARDIS S.P.A.        

                                                                                     INFUSIONE ENDOVENOSA" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                  

                                                                                      50 ML + SET PER INFUSIONE                                                                                                                           

   ALBITAL                                                              "25%" 1 FLAC.  SOLUZIONE 50 ML +                                         22515136                HARDIS S.P.A.        

                                                                                     SET                                                                                                                                                                                 

   ALBUMAN BERNA                                         "25%" 1 FLAC. 50 ML                                                                         23948033                ISTITUTO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SIEROTERAPICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BERNA S.R.L.          

   ALBUMAN BERNA                                         "20%" 1 FLAC. 50 ML                                                                         23948072                ISTITUTO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SIEROTERAPICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BERNA S.R.L.          

   ALBUMINA GRIFOLS                                    "20% SOLUZIONE PER INFUSIONE                                          34611020                INSTITUTO

                                                                                     ENDOVENOSA" FLACONE 100 ML                                                                              GRIFOLS S.A.          

   ALBUMINA GRIFOLS                                    "20% SOLUZIONE PER INFUSIONE                                          34611018                INSTITUTO

                                                                                     ENDOVENOSA" FLACONE 50 ML                                                                                GRIFOLS S.A.          

   ALBUMINA UMANA BEHRING                "20% SOLUZIONE PER INFUSIONE                                          11544020                AVENTIS BEHRING

                                                                                     ENDOVENOSA" 1 FLACONE DA 50 ML                                                                     S.P.A.                        

   ALBUMINA UMANA IMMUNO                 "10 G/50 ML SOLUZIONE PER                                                     10317028                BAXTER AG            

                                                                                     INFUSIONE ENDOVENOSA" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                  

                                                                                      DA 50 ML + SET INFUSIONALE                                                                                                                      

   ALBUMINA UMANA IMMUNO                 "12,5 G/50 ML SOLUZIONE PER                                                 10317042                BAXTER AG            

                                                                                     INFUSIONE ENDOVENOSA" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                   

                                                                                      DA 50 ML                                                                                                                                                                   

   ALBUMINA UMANA KABI                         "20% SOLUZIONE PER INFUSIONE                                          22202055                OCTAPHARMA AB  

                                                                                     ENDOVENOSA" FLACONE DA 50 ML                                                                                                          

   ALBUMINA UMANA KEDRION               "25 G/100 ML SOLUZIONE PER                                                  6557021                  KEDRION S.P.A.      

                                                                                     INFUSIONE ENDOVENOSA" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                  

                                                                                      DA 50 ML + SET                                                                                                                                                       

   ALBUTEIN                                                           "25% SOLUZIONE PER INFUSIONE                                          29251042                ALPHA

                                                                                     ENDOVENOSA" 1 FLACONE 50 ML                                                                             THERAPEUTIC 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIA S.P.A.          

   ALBUTEIN                                                           "20% SOLUZIONE PER INFUSIONE                                          29251030                ALPHA

                                                                                     ENDOVENOSA" 1 FLACONE 50 ML                                                                             THERAPEUTIC 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIA S.P.A.           

   UMAN ALBUMIN                                             "25% SOLUZIONE PER INFUSIONE" 1                                     21111087                KEDRION S.P.A.      

                                                                                     FLACONE 50 ML                                                                                                                                                      

   UMAN ALBUMIN                                             "20% SOLUZIONE PER INFUSIONE" 1                                     21111024                KEDRION S.P.A.      

                                                                                     FLACONE 50 ML                                                                                                                                                      

   UMAN ALBUMIN                                             "20% SOLUZIONE PER INFUSIONE  "                                       21111101                KEDRION S.P.A.      

                                                                                     FLACONE DA 100 ML                                                                                                                                            

   UMAN ALBUMIN                                             "20% SOLUZIONE PER INFUSIONE" 1                                     21111012                KEDRION S.P.A.      

                                                                                     FLACONE 10 ML            

 

                                                                                                                        

UMANALBUMIN

"20% SOLUZIONE PER INFUSIONE ENDOVENOSA"

 FLACONE DA 100 ML + SET INFUSIONALE

021111099

KEDRION SpA

 

 

 

 

 

 


Nota 28

-    medrossi-progesterone

-    megestrolo

 

La prescrizione per la terapia antitumorale e dell’AIDS a carico del SSN è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

 

-          neoplasia della mammella e carcinoma dell’endometrio;

-          sindrome anoressia/cachessia da neoplasia della mammella e carcinoma dell’endometrio e da AIDS in fase avanzata.

 

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

I progestinici megestrolo acetato, medrossiprogesterone acetato sono utilizzati come seconda e terza linea di terapia nel cancro mammario. Trovano, altresì, impiego per il trattamento dei carcinomi endometriali e renali (limitatamente al medrossiprogesterone acetato per via orale) e sono scarsamente impiegati nel cancro prostatico. Le indicazioni cancro dell’endometrio e mammario sono sufficientemente definite per i due steroidi e non sono soggette a nota. Il loro impiego nel carcinoma renale ed ancor più in quello prostatico è da valutare caso per caso e, relativamente al carcinoma renale, è limitato al medrossiprogesterone acetato per via orale.

Megestrolo acetato e medrossiprogesterone acetato per via orale trovano anche impiego, supportato in letteratura (1-5), nella cosiddetta sindrome anoressia/cachessia. Questa è caratterizzata da progressiva perdita di peso (>10% del peso ideale), anoressia, nausea cronica, malassorbimento, astenia, cambiamento dell’immagine corporea, impoverimento del Performance Status. Tale sindrome si rileva in pazienti affetti da neoplasia maligna in fase avanzata e da AIDS, fino all’80% in pazienti oncologici terminali, e rappresenta un importante fattore prognostico negativo.

Gli obiettivi maggiori dei trattamenti con progestinici riguardano, nell’anoressia/cachessia da cancro e da AIDS, il recupero ponderale, l’aumento dell’appetito e dell’introito calorico. Obiettivi secondari sono costituiti dal controllo della nausea cronica e del dolore e dal miglioramento del Performance Status e della qualità della vita.

Le evidenze che megestrolo acetato e medrossiprogesterone acetato sono in grado di conseguire tali obiettivi terapeutici sono mostrate da studi clinici controllati in doppio cieco e con dimensione del campione adeguata (1-3).

Vi è anche dimostrazione che l’impatto di questi trattamenti sul peso corporeo è dovuto a un aumento reale della massa magra e grassa (4), e soprattutto grassa (5), piuttosto che a ritenzione idrica (4, 5).

Gli studi hanno infine evidenziato che il miglior effetto terapeutico si ottiene con dosaggi di medrossiprogesterone acetato di 500-1.000 mg/die e di megestrolo acetato di 160-320 mg/die per via orale.

Gli effetti in pazienti con carcinomi gastrointestinali non sembrano molto favorevoli (6).

Effetti antianoressici e di incremento sul peso corporeo sono stati rilevati anche nella fibrosi cistica (7).

 

Bibliografia

1.    Simons JP, et al. The effect of medroxiprogesterone acetate on appetite, weigh loss and quality of life in advanced stage non-hormone-sensitive cancer. A placebo controlled multicenter study. J Clin Oncol 1996;14:1077-84.

2.    Tehekmeydan NS, et al. Megestrol acetate in cancer anorexia and weight loss. Cancer 1992;5:1268-74.

3.    Von Roenn JH, et al. Megstrol acetate in patients with AIDS-related cachexia. Ann Int Med 1994;6:693-9.

4.    Loprinzi CL, et al. Body-composition changes in patients who gain weight while receiving megestrol acetate. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:152-4.

5.    Nemechek PM, et al. Treatment guidelines for HIV-associated wasting. Proc Mayo Clin 2000;75:386-94.

6.    McMillan DC, et al. A prospective randomised study of megestrol acetate and ibuprofen in gastrointestinal cancer patients with weight loss. Br J Cancer 1999;79:495-500.

7.    Nasr SZ, et al. Treatment of anorexia and weight loss megestrol acetate in patients with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmol 1999;28:380-2.

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

PRINCIPIO ATTIVO                 MEDROSSIPROGESTERONE                                               L02AB02

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   DEPO PROVERA                                              IM SOSP. 1 FLAC. 1 ML 150 MG                                                   20329064                PHARMACIA 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            N.V./S.A.                  

   DEPO PROVERA                                              IM SOSP. 1 FLAC. 3,4 ML 500 MG                                               20329076                PHARMACIA 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            N.V./S.A.                  

   DEPO PROVERA                                              IM SOSP. 1 FLAC. 6,7 ML 1G                                                         20329088                PHARMACIA 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            N.V./S.A.                  

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   FARLUTAL                                                          "500 MG COMPRESSE"30 COMPRESSE                                   15148125                CARLO ERBA O.T.C.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             S.P.A.                      

   FARLUTAL                                                          "1 G/10 ML SOSPENSIONE ORALE"15                                    15148149                CARLO ERBA O.T.C.

                                                                                     FLACONCINI 10 ML                                                                                                              S.P.A.                      

   FARLUTAL                                                          "1 G/10 ML SOSPENSIONE                                                            15148099                CARLO ERBA O.T.C.

                                                                                     INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                       S.P.A.                      

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                                  

   FARLUTAL                                                          30 FLACONI SOSPENSIONE OS 500 MG                                15148137                CARLO ERBA O.T.C.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             S.P.A.                      

   PROVERA                                                            10 BUSTINE GRANULARI 500 MG                                            20328175                PHARMACIA ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   PROVERA                                                            10 BUSTINE GRANULARI OS 1000 MG                                   20328187                PHARMACIA ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   PROVERA                                                            30 COMPRESSE 250 MG                                                                 20328151                PHARMACIA ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              MEGESTROLO *                                                                      L02AB01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   MEGACE                                                              "160 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  27597020                BRISTOL MYERS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SQUIBB S.R.L.         

   MEGESTIL                                                           "160 MG COMPRESSE " 30                                                             27574019                CRINOS S.P.A.        

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                      

 

MEGESTROLO PH&T

"160 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE

034104012

PH&T SpA

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                                                                       

 


Nota 30

Fattori di crescita dei leucociti:

-    filgrastim

-    lenograstim

-    molgramostim

 

La prescrizione a carico del SSN, su diagnosi e piano terapeutico di centri specializzati, Universitari o delle Aziende Sanitarie, individuati dalle Regioni e dalle Province autonome di Trento e Bolzano è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

 

-          neutropenia congenita o da chemioterapia;

-          trapianto di midollo osseo;

-          mobilizzazione di cellule staminali periferiche;

-          neutropenia (neutrofili < 750/mL) nei pazienti trapiantati di fegato o con diagnosi clinica di cirrosi, che ricevono interferone standard o peghilato in monoterapia o in combinazione con ribavirina e che presentano risposta virologica precoce alla terapia;

-          neutropenia HIV correlata o correlata ai farmaci antiretrovirali in pazienti pluritrattati che necessitino di farmaci ad azione neutropenizzante.

 

La prescrizione dei fattori di crescita dei leucociti non è rimborsata dal SSN per altre indicazioni autorizzate.

 

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

L'utilizzo dei fattori di crescita emopoietici attivi sui precursori della serie granulocitaria (G-CSF) ha migliorato il corso delle neutropenie congenite severe, riducendo la frequenza delle infezioni gravi e aumentando la sopravvivenza dei pazienti (1,2).

Le linee guida per l'impiego dei fattori di crescita emopoietici (CSF) per i pazienti sottoposti a terapie antiblastiche ed a trapianto di midollo sono state definite nel 1994 e successivamente revisionate dalla American Society of Clinical Oncology (3-5).

 

-          Profilassi della neutropenia febbrile.

·         Somministrazione primaria: i dati recenti supportano sempre meno un possibile vantaggio terapeutico di regimi molto mielodepressivi nei tumori solidi (7). La profilassi può essere considerata un’opzione solo nei pazienti con rischio di neutropenia febbrile > 40%. Tuttavia, anche in questo sottogruppo di pazienti i dati disponibili dimostrano una riduzione dei tempi di ricovero conseguenti ai trattamenti antibiotici, ma non un vantaggio di sopravvivenza (4, 7). Ugualmente non viene nessuna evidenza che supporti l'utilizzo generalizzato dei fattori di crescita in pazienti neutropenici al momento di riprendere la terapia.

·         Somministrazione secondaria ad un episodio di neutropenia febbrile: esiste l'indicazione a utilizzare i fattori di crescita nei trattamenti che hanno come obbiettivo la guarigione della malattia e per i quali esiste una evidenza di minor efficacia a seguito di una riduzione dell'intensità di dose. I trattamenti con finalità palliative dovrebbero prevedere come prima azione una riduzione delle dosi dei chemioterapici (4).

 

-         Terapia.

·         Neutropenia in assenza di febbre: sebbene riducano la durata della neutropenia, non vi è evidenza da studi randomizzati che vi sia un miglioramento significativo della gravità delle infezioni o della sopravvivenza.

·         Neutropenia febbrile: vi è indicazione in associazione alla terapia antibiotica. I CSF possono determinare una riduzione dell’ospedalizzazione, una migliore risposta alla terapia antibiotica, un miglioramento della qualità di vita.

 

-         Trapianto di midollo osseo e di cellule staminali periferiche.

·         Riduzione della neutropenia e delle complicanze infettive in pazienti sottoposti a chemioterapia ad alte dosi e a trapianto autologo o allogenico di midollo osseo (BMT, dall’inglese Bone Marrow Transplantation) o reinfusione di cellule staminali periferiche (PBSCT, dall’inglese Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation). In caso di PBSCT il recupero è più rapido che per il BMT.

·         Mobilizzazione di cellule staminali periferiche sia per trapianto autologo sia da donatori sani.

·         Aumento delle cellule staminali raccolte in corso di aferesi e possibilità di mobilizzare le cellule progenitrici dal sangue periferico di donatori sani (6).

Le dosi consigliate per il GCSF (filgrastim e lenograstim) e per il GM-CSF (molgramostim) sono di 5-10 mg/kg/die.

 

Nel trattamento delle epatiti virali croniche con interferone, la neutropenia è la più frequente causa di sospensione della terapia o di riduzione dei dosaggi di interferone (8, 9). È pensabile che G-CSF e GM-CSF siano in grado di ridurre la neutropenia e consentire la prosecuzione della terapia. Alcuni studi pilota hanno confermato questa ipotesi (10-14), tuttavia l'uso del G-CSF e del GM-CSF in questo contesto non è ancora standardizzato. L'effetto dell'aderenza alla terapia sulle percentuali di risposta sostenuta e l'efficacia dei trattamenti anti epatite, anche in pazienti con malattia epatica avanzata (8, 9) in cui una risposta al trattamento è estremamente e rapidamente produttiva in termini di anni di vita salvati, sono stati ampiamente dimostrati. Si ritiene pertanto utile, in accordo con le linee guida internazionali (15), di consentirne l'uso come terapia aggiuntiva alla terapia con interferone, ma solo in gruppi di pazienti selezionati con risposta virologica. La risposta virologica viene definita come negativizzazione della viremia HCV con PCR qualitativa o decremento rispetto al basale di almeno 1 logaritmo dopo meno di un mese di terapia o di due logaritmi dopo meno di tre mesi di terapia. La posologia e la frequenza della somministrazione andranno adattate sulla base della risposta del singolo paziente, in maniera tale da mantenere livelli di neutrofili > 750/mL durante il trattamento.

La neutropenia indotta dai farmaci antiretrovirali e da farmaci impiegati per il trattamento delle infezioni da opportunisti può limitarne l'impiego laddove le opzioni terapeutiche siano già ridotte. In tale contesto è stata ampiamente dimostrata l'utilità del G-CSF e del GM-CSF (16) in termini di miglioramento della leucopenia.

 

Bibliografia

1.        Bonilla MA, et al. Long-term safety of treatment with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (r-metHuG-CSF) in patients with severe congenital neutropenias. Br J Haematol 1994;88:723-30.

2.        Dale D. A randomized controlled phase lll trial of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim) for treatment of severe chronic neutropenia. Blood 1993;81:2496-502.

3.        Ozer H, et al. 2000 update of recommendations for the use of hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors: evidence-based, clinical practice guidelines. American Society of Clinical Oncology Growth Factors Expert Panel. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:3558-85.

4.        American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1997 Update of recommendations for the use of hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors: evidence based, clinical practice guidelines. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:3288.

5.        Hoglund M, et al. Mobilization of CD34+ cells by glycosylated and non glycosylated G-CSF in healthy volunteers - a comparative study. Eur J Haematol 1997;59:177-83.

6.        Savarese DM, et al. Clinical Impact of chemotherapy dose escalations in patient with hematological malignancies and solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:2981-95.

7.        Phililps K, et al. Design and interpretation of clinicals trials that evaluate agents that may offer protection from toxic effects of cancer chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:3179-90.

8.        Manns MP, et al. and the International Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group. Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomised trial. Lancet 2001;358:958-65.

9.        Fried MW, et al. Peg Interferon alf 2a plus Ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 975-82.

10.     Higashi Y, et al. Case report: agranulocytosis induced by inteferon alpha therapy for chronic hepatitis C J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996; 11:1012-1015.

11.     Van Thiel DH, et al. Combination treatment of advanced HCV associated liver disease with interferon and G-CSF. Hepatogastroenterology 1995; 42:907-12

12.     Fukuda A, et al. Effects of interferon alpha on peripheral neutrophil counts and serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C Cell Mol Ther 2000; 6:149-154.

13.     Carreno V, et al. Randomized controlled trial of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C Cytokine 2000; 12: 165-70.

14.     Shiffman ML, et al. Use of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor alone or in combination with interferon-alpha-2b for treatment of chronic hepatitis C J Hepatol 1998; 28: 382-89.

15.     National Institutes of health consensus development conference statement: Management of hepatitis C: 2002 – June 10-12 2002. Hepatology 2002; 36: S3-S20.

16.     Miles SA The use of haematopoietic growth factors in HIV infection and AIDS-related malignancies. Cancer Invest 1991; 9:229-238.

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO           FILGRASTIM                                                                          L03AA02

  FARMACO                                      CONFEZIONE                                                       AIC               DITTA

   GRANULOKINE                                               1 SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA DA 0,5 ML 30                                27772096                AMGEN EUROPE

                                                                                     MU                                                                                                                                                B.V.                          

   GRANULOKINE                                               "30" 1 FLACONE INIETTABILE 1 ML                                        27772033                AMGEN EUROPE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B.V.                          

   GRANULOKINE                                               "30" 1 SIRINGA PRERIEM. 1 ML 30 MU                                    27772072                AMGEN EUROPE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B.V.                          

   NEUPOGEN                                                        1 SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA DA 0.5 ML 30                                28216075                DOMPE' BIOTEC

                                                                                     MU                                                                                                                                                S.P.A.                       

   NEUPOGEN                                                        "30" 1 FLAC. 1 ML 300 MCG                                                           28216036                DOMPE' BIOTEC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   NEUPOGEN                                                        "30" 1 SIRINGA PRERIEM. 30 MU/1 ML                                   28216051                DOMPE' BIOTEC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              LENOGRASTIM *                                                                    L03AA10

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   GRANOCYTE                                                     "34" 1 FLAC LIO 33,6 MIU + 1 SIR SOLV                                   28686044                AVENTIS PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   MYELOSTIM                                                       "34" 1 FLACONCINO LIOFILIZZATO 33,6                               29059096                CHUGAI AVENTIS   

                                                                                     MIU + SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA                                                                                                                         

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 1 ML                                                                                                                                                      

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              MOLGRAMOSTIM                                                                   L03AA03

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   LEUCOMAX                                                        1 FLAC.  150 MCG + 1 FIALA 1 ML                                             27961022                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   LEUCOMAX                                                        1 FLAC. 300 MCG + 1 FIALA 1 ML                                              27961046                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   MIELOGEN                                                         1 FLACONCINO  150 MCG + 1 FIALA 1                                   27960020                SCHERING PLOUGH

                                                                                     ML                                                                                                                                                 SPA                         

   MIELOGEN                                                         1 FLACONCINO 300 MCG + 1 FIALA 1 ML                            27960044                SCHERING PLOUGH

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             SPA                         

 


Nota 31

Sedativi della tosse:

-    diidrocodeina

-    diidrocodeina + acido benzoico

-    levodropropizina

La prescrizione a carico del SSN è limitata alla seguente condizione:

 

-          tosse persistente non produttiva nelle gravi pneumopatie croniche e nelle neoplasie polmonari primitive o secondarie.

 

La prescrizione dei sedativi della tosse non è rimborsata dal SSN per altre indicazioni autorizzate.

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              DIIDROCODEINA                                                                   R05DA49 

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   PARACODINA                                                   GOCCE ORALI 15 G                                                                          15960014                ABBOTT S.P.A.       

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              LEVODROPROPIZINA                                                            R05DB19

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   DANKA                                                                 "0,6% SCIROPPO" FLACONE 200 ML                                        26773010                AZ. CHIM. RIUN.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ANGELINI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FRANCESCO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ACRAF SPA             

   DANKA                                                                 "6% GOCCE, SOLUZIONE" FLACONE 30                                26773022                AZ. CHIM. RIUN.

                                                                                     ML                                                                                                                                                ANGELINI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FRANCESCO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ACRAF SPA             

   LEVOTUSS                                                           "30 MG/5 ML SCIROPPO" 1 FLACONE                                     26752016                DOMPE'

                                                                                     200 ML                                                                                                                                        FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   LEVOTUSS                                                           "60 MG/ML GOCCE ORALI, SOLUZIONE"                              26752028                DOMPE'

                                                                                     FLACONE 30 ML                                                                                                                   FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                           

   SALVITUSS                                                          "0,6% GOCCE" FLACONE 30 ML                                                 27661026                F.I.R.M.A. SPA         

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   SALVITUSS                                                          "0,6% SCIROPPO" 1 FLACONE 200 ML                                    27661014                F.I.R.M.A. SPA         

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   TAU-TUX                                                              "0,6% SCIROPPO"  FLACONE 200 ML                                       26973014                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   TAU-TUX                                                              "6% GOCCE  ORALI,SOLUZIONE"                                              26973026                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                     FLACONE 30 ML                                                                                                                   INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              DIIDROCODEINA + ACIDO BENZOICO*                         R05DA20

   PARACODINA SCIROPPO                           FLACONE SCIROPPO 100 G                                                         8096024                  ABBOTT S.P.A.       

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

 

 


Nota 32

Interferoni

 

 

 

-    Interferone alfa 2a

ricombinante

 

 

 

 

 

 

-    Interferone alfa 2b

ricombinante

 

 

 

 

 

 

-    Interferoni alfa-2a e alfa-2b peghilati

 

 

 

 

-    Interferone n-1 linfoblastoide

 

 

 

 

 

-    Interferone alfa naturale alfa-n3 (leucocitario)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-    Iinterferone alfacon-1

La prescrizione a carico del SSN, su diagnosi e piano terapeutico di centri specializzati, Universitari o delle Aziende Sanitarie, individuati dalle Regioni e dalle Province autonome di Trento e Bolzano, è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

 

-             epatite cronica B HBV-DNA-positiva, con ipertransaminasemia; epatite cronica B-Delta (monoterapia);

-             in combinazione con ribavirina o in monoterapia se esistono controindicazioni alla ribavirina: epatite cronica C, con ipertransaminasemia, in pazienti mai trattati in precedenza con interferoni o trattati con risposta post‑trattamento e successiva recidiva;

-             in monoterapia nel trattamento dell'epatite acuta da HCV;

-             leucemia a cellule capellute, leucemia mieloide cronica, sarcoma di Kaposi correlato all’AIDS o ad altre condizioni cliniche di immunodepressione, linfoma non‑Hodgkin follicolare, melanoma maligno;

-             carcinoma renale avanzato, linfoma cutaneo a cellule T;

******

-             epatite cronica B HBV-DNA-positiva, con ipertransaminasemia; epatite cronica B-Delta (monoterapia);

-             in combinazione con ribavirina o in monoterapia se esistono controindicazioni alla ribavirina: epatite cronica C, con ipertransaminasemia, in pazienti mai trattati in precedenza con interferoni o trattati con risposta post‑trattamento e successiva recidiva;

-             in monoterapia nel trattamento dell'epatite acuta da HCV;

-             leucemia a cellule capellute, leucemia mieloide cronica, sarcoma di Kaposi correlato all’AIDS o ad altre condizioni cliniche di immunodepressione, linfoma non‑Hodgkin follicolare, melanoma maligno;

-             mieloma multiplo, tumore carcinoide;

******

-             in combinazione con ribavirina o in monoterapia se esistono controindicazioni alla ribavirina: epatite cronica C, con ipertransaminasemia in pazienti mai trattati in precedenza con interferone o trattati con risposta solo temporanea e successiva recidiva;

-             in combinazione con ribavirina in pazienti senza risposta sostenuta a monoterapia con Interferone con malattia avanzata (presenza di ponti porto-centrali alla biopsia epatica e/o diagnosi clinica di cirrosi epatica) o infezione da genotipo HCV 2 o 3;

******

-             epatite cronica B HBV-DNA-positiva con ipertransaminasemia;

-             epatite cronica B-Delta (monoterapia);

-             epatite cronica C con ipertransaminasemia, in monoterapia se esistono controindicazioni alla ribavirina in pazienti mai trattati in precedenza con interferone o trattati con risposta solo temporanea e successiva recidiva;

-             leucemia mieloide cronica;

******

in presenza di: a) documentata intolleranza soggettiva o b) neutro o piastrinopenia (neutrofili persistentemente inferiori a 750/mmc e/o piastrine persistentemente inferiori a 50.000/mm c); che compaiano in corso di terapia con altri interferoni, e che ne impediscano la prosecuzione in presenza di risposta terapeutica; limitatamente alle indicazioni:

-             epatite cronica B e B-Delta;

-             in combinazione con ribavirina o in monoterapia se esistono controindicazioni alla ribavirina: epatite cronica C con ipertransaminasemia, con esclusione di pazienti non responders a un precedente ciclo di trattamento con interferoni;

in presenza di documentata intolleranza ad altri interferoni limitatamente alle indicazioni:

-             leucemia a cellule capellute;

-             leucemia mieloide cronica;

-             mieloma multiplo;

-             linfoma non‑Hodgkin;

-             micosi fungoide;

-             sarcoma di Kaposi correlato all’AIDS o ad altre condizioni cliniche di immunodepressione;

-             carcinoma renale;

-             melanoma maligno;

******

in combinazione con ribavirina o in monoterapia se esistono controindicazioni alla ribavirina: nell’epatite cronica C, con ipertransaminasemia, in pazienti mai trattati in precedenza con interferoni o trattati con risposta post trattamento e successiva recidiva.

 

 

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

 

Oltre la metà dell’impiego di interferoni (IFN) è finalizzata al trattamento delle epatiti croniche virali. In queste indicazioni, l’uso degli IFN è probabilmente destinato a subire in tempi brevi alcune modificazioni (sostituzione o combinazione con antivirali).

 

-    Epatite cronica B

La durata del trattamento con interferone nell'epatite cronica B da HBV HBeAg positiva è di 16-24 settimane. La durata del trattamento nell'epatite cronica HBeAg negativa può variare da 1 a 2 anni. Il prolungamento oltre i 6 mesi dovrebbe essere riservato a pazienti che presentino una risposta al trattamento (riduzione dei valori di transaminasi pari ad almeno il 50% del basale e/o decremento di 1 logaritmo dei livelli di HBVDNA rispetto a quelli pre/trattamento).

Nel 30-50% dei pazienti con epatite cronica B HBVDNA-positiva HBeAg‑positiva il trattamento con IFN per 6 mesi determina una risposta terapeutica efficace (normalizzazione di ALT, negativizzazione di HBeAg e di HBV‑DNA); più tardivamente si verifica in molti di essi la negativizzazione di HBsAg; la risposta virologica è in genere duratura, ed è seguita nel tempo da attenuazione fino alla scomparsa dei reperti istologici di epatite cronica; più basse sono le percentuali di risposta nei bambini (1-3). Gli IFN sono meno efficaci nell’epatite cronica B HBV-DNA-positiva, HBeAg-negativa. Tuttavia recentemente è stato dimostrato che un trattamento prolungato per 12 – 24 mesi con dosi standard di interferone (3-6 MU tre volte la settimana) può ottenere una risposta virologica e biochimica a lungo termine (5-7 anni) nel 18-30% dei casi, con miglioramento istologico e della prognosi (4-6). Questi dati, e le recenti riserve sull’alternativa lamivudina, suggeriscono di estendere l’indicazione agli interferoni all’epatite cronica B HBV-DNA-positiva, HBeAg-negativa come del resto indicato nelle più recenti linee guida internazionali (7, 8). L’uso dell’IFN non ha indicazione e può essere dannoso nei soggetti con transaminasi normali, che sono peraltro in larghissima maggioranza HBV-DNA-negativi.

 

-    Epatite cronica B con sovrapposizione Delta (B/D)

IFN è scarsamente efficace, con risposta sostenuta in meno del 15% dei casi (3); sono richiesti dosaggi elevati (9 MU tre volte la settimana per uno-due anni), spesso non tollerati o tollerati con grave abbassamento della qualità di vita.

 

-    Epatite cronica C

La durata del trattamento con interferoni peghilati  in combinazione con ribavirina nell’epatite cronica da HCV in soggetti mai trattati in precedenza con interferone è di 24 settimane da protrarre a 48 settimane nei pazienti con infezione da genotipo 1 o 4 che presentino negatività della ricerca di HCVRNA alla 24° settimana e che abbiano presentato un decremento di almeno 2 logaritmi dei livelli di HCVRNA rispetto a quelli pre terapia e/o negatività della ricerca di HCVRNA dopo 12 settimane di terapia. La durata della terapia nei pazienti precedentemente trattati con interferone è di 24-48 settimane sulla base delle caratteristiche individuali nei soggetti che abbiano presentato un decremento di almeno 2 logaritmi dei livelli di HCVRNA rispetto a quelli pre terapia e/o negatività della ricerca di HCVRNA dopo 12 settimane di terapia. La durata del trattamento degli interferoni standard in combinazione con ribavirina nell’epatite cronica da HCV è di 24 settimane da protrarre a 48 settimane nei pazienti recidivanti dopo monoterapia e/o con infezione da genotipo 1 o 4 e viremia HCV elevata (superiore a 800.000 IU/mL) che presentino negatività della ricerca di HCVRNA alla 24° settimana.

L’innovazione terapeutica di maggior rilievo è rappresentata dagli interferoni-peghilati (IFN- Peg), che mantengono tassi ematici di interferone costantemente elevati per periodi più protratti a cui consegue una più accettabile posologia, con una sola somministrazione settimanale. Il trattamento per 48 settimane con IFN-Peg in monoterapia ottiene percentuali di risposta sostenuta (cioè a 6 mesi dopo sospensione) superiori a quelle ottenibili con IFN standard: fra 24% e 38%, rispetto a 12% e 17% (9,10). Il trattamento per 48 settimane con la combinazione IFN-Peg più ribavirina ha ottenuto percentuali di risposta sostenuta superiori al 50% significativamente più elevate rispetto a quelle ottenute con interferone alfa 2b e ribavirina (11, 12). La risposta virologica e biochimica è associata a un miglioramento degli indici istologici di necroinfiammazione e - in minor misura - di fibrosi (9-12). È omogenea l’identificazione dei fattori predittivi di risposta, che sono: genotipo diverso dal genotipo 1, bassa viremia e assenza di cirrosi.

Il ritrattamento con interferone standard e ribavirina dei pazienti senza risposta a monoterapia con interferone ha ottenuto percentuali di risposta sostenuta del 12-15% (13). Il ritrattamento con interferoni-peghilati è risultato più efficace inducendo risposte sostenute pari al 34-40% (13). Il ritrattamento dei pazienti che hanno recidivato dopo monoterapia con interferone ha ottenuto percentuali di risposta del 47% nei pazienti trattati con interferone standard e ribavirina e del 60% in quelli trattati con interferoni peghilati e ribavirina (13). I più importanti fattori predittivi di risposta al ritrattamento con interferone e ribavirina sono risultati: l’infezione da genotipo 2 e 3 e una risposta virologica parziale durante il primo trattamento. La decisione sul ritrattamento di pazienti senza risposta ad un primo ciclo di terapia dovrebbe quindi essere basata: sul tipo di risposta al trattamento precedente, sulla gravità della malattia di fegato, sul genotipo di HCV, sulla tolleranza e l’aderenza alla terapia precedente (14).

Sono in corso numerosi studi sul ritrattamento con dosi più elevate di interferone standard e/o con IFN-Peg in combinazione con ribavirina di pazienti senza risposta a terapia con interferone standard e ribavirina;da questi studi non sono ancora giunte evidenze conclusive anche se i dati preliminari sulla risposta al ritrattamento indicano percentuali di risposta sostenuta intorno all’ 11% (15). Inoltre sono in corso di svolgimento studi mirati a valutare l’utilità di una terapia “di mantenimento” con IFN-Peg in pazienti senza risposta a ritrattamento e con malattia avanzata, finalizzata a prevenire l’evoluzione verso la cirrosi scompensata e l’epatocarcinoma (15); anche da questi studi si attendono evidenze conclusive.

Gli studi clinici sull’interferone alfa naturale leucocitario n3 sono assai meno numerosi di quelli sugli altri interferoni alfa. Il suo profilo di sicurezza è pertanto meno conosciuto.

Nell’epatite cronica C, è stata attribuita all’IFN alfa-n3, anche in dosi elevate, una minor incidenza di effetti indesiderati rispetto agli altri IFN. Questo vantaggio, segnalato in studi non controllati, non sembra confermato da un trial controllato e randomizzato di confronto fra dosi diverse di IFN alfa-n3 leucocitario, che riporta percentuali di sospensione per intolleranza (5% con 5 MU e 21% con 10 MU tre volte la settimana), non inferiori a quelle registrate nei trials con altri interferoni (16). Si ricorda che non può essere considerato fenomeno di intolleranza la reazione febbrile simil-influenzale che segue la somministrazione delle prime dosi di interferone, che è facilmente dominata dal paracetamolo e che non si ripete con il prosieguo del trattamento oltre i primi tre mesi. Si segnala, infine, che l’interferone alfa naturale leucocitario n3 ha un costo più elevato degli altri interferoni standard, in assenza di chiare evidenze di un vantaggio terapeutico.

L’interferone alfacon-1 (Consensus Interferon) è un interferone sintetico, ricombinante, costruito con sequenze di aminoacidi della famiglia degli alfa interferoni. Ha un profilo di efficacia e di effetti avversi non differente da quello di altri interferoni, ben documentato da trials randomizzati (17). Sono in corso studi controllati volti a valutare efficacia e tollerabilità dell’interferone alfacon-1 in combinazione con ribavirina nella terapia dell’epatite cronica da HCV. Uno studio pilota pubblicato recentemente  indica  che tale combinazione è in grado di indurre percentuali di risposta superiori al 60% nel genotipo 2 e 3 e al 30% nel genotipo 1 e 4 (18).

Le sperimentazioni cliniche finora pubblicate non hanno fornito prove convincenti di efficacia dell'interferone beta nelle epatiti virali croniche. Sono in corso altre sperimentazioni con dosaggi e regimi diversi di somministrazione. Pertanto l'instaurazione ex novo di un trattamento con interferone beta non può essere autorizzata. Si fa rilevare che le epatiti croniche virali non sono incluse fra le indicazioni dell'interferone beta nel British National Formulary del settembre 2001 né nell'American Hospital Formulary Service 2002.

Per l’interferone beta allo stato attuale delle conoscenze non vi sono indicazioni per la terapia delle epatiti croniche B, C, e B-Delta.

 

-    Epatite acuta da HCV

Diverse meta-analisi hanno dimostrato che l'impiego dell'interferone nell'epatite acuta da HCV riduce significativamernte del 30-40% la percentuale dei soggetti con cronicizzazione (19). Inoltre recentemente l'impiego di regimi di induzione con somministrazione quotidiana di interferone a dosi di 5-10 MUI seguiti dalla somministrazione trisettimanale delle stesse dosi per 24 settimane hanno fatto regsitrare percentuali di cronicizzazione inferiori al 5% (19) . Pur non essendovi indicazioni chiare sulla posologia, sul timing ideale e sulla durata della terapia le linee guida internazionali consigliano di iniziare la terapia in caso di manacata negativizzazione dell' HCVRNA a 2-4 mesi dall'infezione acuta protraendo il trattamento per 16-24 settimane (19). Sono in corso dei trials per identificare le posologie, il timing, la durata del trattamento e l'utilità dell'impiego di interferoni peghilati e/o di ribavirina, in tale contesto.

 

Bibliografia.

1.        Lau DTY, et al. Long term follow up of patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with interferon alfa. Gastroenterology 1997;113:1660-7.

2.        Niederau C, et al. Long term follow up of HBeAg-positive patients treated with interferon alfa for chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1422-7.

3.        Rizzetto M. Therapy of chronic viral hepatitis: a critical review. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;31:781-93.

4.        Manesis EK and Hadziyannis SJ. Interferon alfa treatment and re-treatment of Hepatitis B eantigen-negative chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 2001; 121: 101-09.

5.        Brunetto MR, et al. Outcome of anti-HBe positive chronic hepatitis B in alpha interferon treated and untreated patients: a long term cohort study Hepatology 2002; 36: 263-70.

6.        Lampertico P, et al. Long term suppression of Hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B by 24 month interferon therapy. Hepatology 2003; 37: 756-63.

7.        Lok ASF, et al. Chronic Hepatitis B Hepatology; 2001; 34: 1223-41.

8.        EASL International Consensus Conference on Hepatitis B 13-14 September 2002 Geneva Switzerland Consensus Statement. J Hepatology 2003; 38:533-40.

9.        Lindsay KL, et al. for the Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group. A randomized, double blind trial comparing pegylated interferon alfa-2b to interferon alfa-2b as initial treatment in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2001;34:395-403.

10.     Zeuzem S, et al. Peg interferon alfa 2a in patients with chronic hepatitis C. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1666-72.

11.     Manns MP, et al. and the International Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group. Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomised trial. Lancet 2001;358:958-65.

12.     Fried MW, et al. Peg Interferon alf 2a plus Ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 975-82.

13.     Shiffman ML, et al. Retreatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2002;36: S128-35

14.     National Institutes of health consensus development conference statement: Management of hepatitis C: 2002 – June 10-12 2002. Hepatology 2002; 36: S3-S20.

15.     Shiffman ML, et al. Retreatment of HCV non/responders with peginterferon and ribavirin> results from the lead/in phase of the hepatitis C antiviral long/term treatment against cirrhosis (HALT-C) trial. Hepatology 2002;36: 295A.

16.     Simon MD, et al. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon alfa-n3: a multicenter, randomized, open-label trial. Hepatology 1997;25:445-8.

17.     Keeffe EB, et al. Therapy of hepatitis C: Consensus interferon trial. Hepatology 1997;26(Suppl 1):S101

18.     G. Fattovich, et al. Randomized trial of consensus interferon in combination with ribavirin as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C J Hepatol 2003; 39:843-849

19.     Alberti A, et al. Therapy of acute hepatitis C Hepatology 2002; 36: S195-200

 

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              INTERFERONE ALFA NATURALE LEUCOCITARIO N-3*                                L03AB01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ALFAFERONE                                                   "6.000.000 U.I. SOLUZIONE                                                           26518050                ALFA

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" 1 FIALA                                                                                                       WASSERMANN

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ALFAFERONE                                                   "1.000.000 U.I. SOLUZIONE                                                           26518011                ALFA

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" 1 FIALA                                                                                                       WASSERMANN

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ALFAFERONE                                                   "3.000.000 U.I SOLUZIONE                                                            26518062                ALFA

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" 1 FIALA                                                                                                       WASSERMANN

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ALFATER                                                             "3.000.000 UI/ML SOLUZIONE                                                     28820076                HARDIS S.P.A.        

                                                                                     INIETTABILE USO INTRAMUSCOLARE                                                                                                      

                                                                                     E SOTTOCUTANEO" FIALA DA 1 ML                                                                                                          

   ALFATER                                                             "6.000.000 UI/ML SOLUZIONE                                                     28820088                HARDIS S.P.A.        

                                                                                     INIETTABILE USO INTRAMUSCOLARE                                                                                                      

                                                                                     E SOTTOCUTANEO" FIALA DA 1 ML                                                                                                            

   BIAFERONE                                                        "6.000.000 UI/ML SOLUZIONE                                                     27929090                KEDRION S.P.A.      

                                                                                     INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE E                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO" FIALA 1 ML                                                                                                 

   BIAFERONE                                                        "3.000.000 UI/ML SOLUZIONE                                                     27929088                KEDRION S.P.A.      

                                                                                     INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE E                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO" FIALA  1 ML                                                                                                

   CILFERON A                                                       "6.000.000 UI SOLUZIONE                                                             28292011                JANSSEN CILAG

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" 1 FIALA                                                                                                       S.P.A.                       

   CILFERON A                                                       "3.000.000 SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                 28292023                JANSSEN CILAG

                                                                                     FIALA                                                                                                                                         S.P.A.                        

   CILFERON A                                                       "1.000.000 UI SOLUZIONE                                                             28292035                JANSSEN CILAG

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" 1 FIALA                                                                                                       S.P.A.                       

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              INTERFERONE ALFA 2A                                                       L03AB04

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ROFERON A                                                        "3" 1 FLAC. SOLUZ. INIETT. 3.000.000                                       25839010                ROCHE S.P.A.         

                                                                                     U.I. 1ML                                                                                                                                                                        

   ROFERON A                                                        "6" 1 FLAC. SOLUZ. INIETT. 6.000.000                                       25839059                ROCHE S.P.A.         

                                                                                     U.I.                                                                                                                                                                                  

   ROFERON A                                                        "9" 1 FLAC. SOLUZ. INIETT. 9.000.000                                       25839022                ROCHE S.P.A.         

                                                                                     U.I. 1 ML

   ROFERON A                                                        3 MIU/O,5 ML SOLUZ. INIETT. 1 SIR                                          25839111                ROCHE S.P.A.         

                                                                                     PRERIEMPITA USO IM/SC                                                                                                                                  

   ROFERON A                                                        6 MIU/O,5 ML SOLUZ. INIETT. 1 SIR                                          258391212             ROCHE S.P.A.         

                                                                                     PRERIEMPITA USO IM/SC                                                                                                                                  

   ROFERON A                                                        9 MIU/O,5 ML SOLUZ. INIETT. 1 SIR                                          25839263                ROCHE S.P.A.         

                                                                                     PRERIEMPITA USO IM/SC    

 

ROFERON A

3 MIU/0,5 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE

 1 SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA USO IM/SC

 

025839111

ROCHE SpA

ROFERON A

6 MIU/0,5 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE

1 SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA USO IM/SC

 

025839212

ROCHE SpA

ROFERON A

9 MIU/0,5 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE

1 SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA USO IM/SC

025839263

ROCHE SpA

 

 

 

 

 

PRINCIPIO ATTIVO                 INTERFERONE ALFA 2B  *                                                   L03AB05

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   INTRONA                                                             3 MIU SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                           34832117                SCHERING-PLOUGH

                                                                                     FLACONCINO USO SOTTOCUTANEO O                                                                     EUROPE                 

                                                                                     INTRAVENOSO                                                                                                                                                        

 

   INTRONA                                                             1 MIU POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                          34832016                SCHERING-PLOUGH

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                                                                             EUROPE                 

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE + 1 FIALA                                                                                                              

                                                                                     SOLVENTE + 1 KIT PER INIEZIONE                                                                                                       

                                                                                     USO SOTTOCUTANEO O

                                                                                     INTRAVENOSO      

   INTRONA                                                             5 MIU  SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                          34832156                SCHERING-PLOUGH

                                                                                     FLACONCINO  USO SOTTOCUTANEO O                                                                   EUROPE                 

                                                                                      INTRAVENOSO                                                                                                                                                       

   INTRONA                                                             30 MIU  SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE IN                                     34832345                SCHERING-PLOUGH

                                                                                     PENNA MULTIDOSE - CARTUCCIA IN                                                                        EUROPE                 

                                                                                     PENNA MULTIDOSE 1 PENNA + 6 KIT                                                                                                        

                                                                                     PER INIEZIONE USO SOTTOCUTANEO                                                                                               

 

   INTRONA                                                             18 MIU  SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE IN                                     34832319                SCHERING-PLOUGH

                                                                                     PENNA MULTIDOSE - CARTUCCIA IN                                                                        EUROPE                 

                                                                                     PENNA MULTIDOSE 1 PENNA + 6 KIT                                                                                                        

                                                                                     PER INIEZIONE USO SOTTOCUTANEO                                                                                               

   INTRONA                                                             25 MIU  SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                       34832271                SCHERING-PLOUGH

                                                                                     FLACONCINO USO SOTTOCUTANEO O                                                                     EUROPE                 

                                                                                     INTRAVENOSO                                                                                                                                                        

   INTRONA                                                             10 MIU  SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                       34832194                SCHERING-PLOUGH

                                                                                     FLACONCINO USO SOTTOCUTANEO O                                                                     EUROPE                 

                                                                                     INTRAVENOSO                                                                                                                                                        

   INTRONA                                                             18 MIU  SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                       34832232                SCHERING-PLOUGH

                                                                                     FLACONCINO USO SOTTOCUTANEO O                                                                     EUROPE                 

                                                                                     INTRAVENOSO                                                                                                                                                        

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              INTERFERONE ALFA 2B PEGILATO*                                L03AB 

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   PEGINTRON                                                       80 MCG POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                      34852069                SCHERING-PLOUGH

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                                                                             EUROPE                 

                                                                                     FLACONCINO VETRO + 1 FIALA VETRO                                                                                                    

                                                                                      USO SOTTOCUTANEO                                                                                                                                 

   PEGINTRON                                                       100 MCG POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                   34852119                SCHERING-PLOUGH

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                                                                             EUROPE                 

                                                                                     FLACONCINO VETRO + 1 FIALA VETRO                                                                                                    

                                                                                      USO SOTTOCUTANEO                                                                                                                                 

   PEGINTRON                                                       120 MCG POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                   34852160                SCHERING-PLOUGH

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                                                                             EUROPE                 

                                                                                     FLACONCINO VETRO + 1 FIALA VETRO                                                                                                    

                                                                                      USO SOTTOCUTANEO                                                                                                                                 

   PEGINTRON                                                       150 MCG POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                   34852210                SCHERING-PLOUGH

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                                                                             EUROPE                 

                                                                                     FLACONCINO VETRO + 1 FIALA VETRO                                                                                                     

                                                                                      USO SOTTOCUTANEO                                                                                                                                 

   PEGINTRON                                                       50 MCG POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                      34852018                SCHERING-PLOUGH

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                                                                             EUROPE                 

                                                                                     FLACONCINO VETRO + 1 FIALA VETRO                                                                                                    

                                                                                      USO SOTTOCUTANEO           

 

PEGINTRON

50 MCG POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER

 SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE IN CARTUCCIA

A DUE SCOMPARTI IN 1 PENNA PRERIEMPITA

+ 1 AGO + 2 TAMPONI  USO SOTTOCUTANEO

034852311

SCHERING PLOUGH SpA

PEGINTRON

80 MCG POLVERE E SOLVENTE

PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE IN CARTUCCIA

 A DUE SCOMPARTI IN 1 PENNA PRERIEMPITA

+ 1 AGO + 2 TAMPONI  USO SOTTOCUTANEO

034852350

SCHERING PLOUGH SpA

PEGINTRON

100 MCG POLVERE E SOLVENTE

PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE IN CARTUCCIA

A DUE SCOMPARTI IN 1 PENNA PRERIEMPITA

+ 1 AGO +2 TAMPONI  USO SOTTOCUTANEO

034852398

SCHERING PLOUGH SpA

PEGINTRON

120 MCG POLVERE E SOLVENTE

PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE IN CARTUCCIA

A DUE SCOMPARTI IN 1 PENNA PRERIEMPITA

+ 1 AGO + 2 TAMPONI  USO SOTTOCUTANEO

034852436

SCHERING PLOUGH SpA

 

 

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              INTERFERONE ALFA N1 *                                                   L03AB06

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   HUMOFERON                                                    1 FLACONCINO 3 M.U. 1 ML                                                        27381019                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

 

   HUMOFERON                                                    "5" 1 FLAC 1 ML IM-SC 5 MU/ML                                                27381033                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   HUMOFERON                                                    1 FLACONCINO 10 M.U. 1 ML                                                      27381021                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

 

   WELLFERON                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE                                                            26705032                THE WELLCOME

                                                                                     FLACONCINO 1 ML 5.000.000 UI                                                                                   FOUNDATION LTD  

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   WELLFERON                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE SC 1 FLAC. 1                                26705018                THE WELLCOME

                                                                                      ML 3.000.000 UI                                                                                                                     FOUNDATION LTD  

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                      

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              INTERFERONE ALFA-2A PEGILATO*                               L03AB 

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   PEGASYS                                                             135 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                    35683059                ROCHE

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,5 ML (270                                                                           REGISTRATION

                                                                                     MCG/ML) + 1 AGO PER INIEZIONE USO                                                                   LIMITED                    

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO                                                                                                                                                    

   PEGASYS                                                             180 MCG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                    35683073                ROCHE

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 0,5 ML 360                                                                             REGISTRATION

                                                                                     MCG/ML) + 1 AGO PER INIEZIONE USO                                                                   LIMITED                   

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO                                                                                                                                                    

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              INTERFERONE ALFACON-1                                                L03AB09  

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   INFERGEN                                                           "9 MICROGRAMMI SOLUZIONE                                                 34418018                YAMANOUCHI

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" 1 FIALA + 1 SIRINGA + 2                                                                     EUROPE B.V.          

                                                                                     AGHI                                                                                                                                                                             

 


Nota 32 bis

-    lamivudina

 

La prescrizione a carico del SSN, su diagnosi e piano terapeutico di centri specializzati, Universitari o delle Aziende Sanitarie, individuati dalle Regioni e dalle Province autonome di Trento e Bolzano, è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

 

-      epatite cronica B HBV-DNA-positiva, in soggetti con malattia rapidamente evolvente verso l’insufficienza epatica grave o in lista attiva per trapianto o con malattia evolutiva e avanzata in cui l’interferone sia controindicato o non tollerato o inefficace;

-      per l’impiego post-trapianto;

-      per il trattamento e per la prevenzione delle riesacerbazioni dell’epatite B conseguenti a terapie con chemioterapici antitumorali o farmaci immunosoppressivi in portatori cronici di HbsAg.

 

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi:

Nei pazienti con epatite B HBV-DNA-positiva, HBeAg-negativa (il 90% dei casi di epatite B attualmente in Italia), la lamivudina negativizza HBV-DNA e normalizza ALT in una percentuale di pazienti del 65-80% alla fine del primo anno di trattamento, del 50-60% alla fine del secondo e del 30-40% alla fine del terzo anno (1). La sospensione del trattamento è seguita dalla riattivazione dell’epatite nel 90% dei responders (2).

Il problema della lamivudina è l’emergere, durante il trattamento, di mutanti dell’HBV parzialmente o totalmente resistenti e, soprattutto, le segnalazioni, che sembrano in crescendo, di riesacerbazioni molto gravi e anche fatali in relazione all’emergere dei mutanti (3), particolarmente in cirrotici (valori di transaminasi elevati fino al range dell’epatite acuta, tendenza all’aumento della bilirubina e alla riduzione dell’attività protrombinica). Anche se non ancora precisamente quantificabile, questo rischio non è irrilevante (5-7). D’altra parte, anche la sospensione della terapia nei soggetti in remissione espone al rischio di riesacerbazioni, osservate nel 15-20% dei casi, in un terzo dei quali con epatite clinicamente grave (4).

La lamivudina va quindi limitata ai soggetti con forme evolutive e avanzate di epatite B (ovvero in cui siano dimostrabili alla biopsia ponti porto-centrali o vi siano segni clinici di cirrosi) nei quali non è indicata o è inefficace o non tollerata la terapia con interferone che rimane la terapia di prima linea (7, 8).

Nell’epatite cronica HBeAg positiva la lamivudina può essere sospesa 3-6 mesi dopo la clearance di HBeAg. La durata minima di trattamento è un anno. La prosecuzione del trattamento nei pazienti senza sieroconversione e/anti e va valutata tenendo presente il rischio di lamivudino-resistenza.

Non esistono né dati da trial controllati, né un consenso unanime sulla durata ottimale della terapia con lamivudina nei pazienti con epatite HBeAg negativa né sull'utilità di proseguire il trattamento con lamivudina nei pazienti con infezione da ceppi mutanti resistenti, nei pazienti che non sono in lista per trapianto e che non hanno presentato una malattia epatica in fase di scompenso (7, 8). È stato dimostrato che la terapia con altri antivirali impiegata tempestivamente, è in grado di indurre un controllo della replicazione di questi ceppi mutanti ed una remissione delle riacutizzazioni di epatite, consentendo anche il trapianto di fegato (9). Sarà da valutare quale sia la durata ottimale di una terapia antivirale anti HBV e quale sia, nel lungo periodo (più di 2 anni), l’incidenza di comparsa di mutanti resistenti anche con l’impiego dei nuovi antivirali.

Nel post‑trapianto, la lamivudina appare efficace sia per la prevenzione sia per il trattamento della recidiva (10); per la prevenzione, è stata usata sia da sola (11) sia in combinazione con dosi ridotte di immunoglobuline anti-HBV (12).

L’uso della lamivudina post-trapianto non è fra le indicazioni autorizzate in scheda tecnica; per la sua importanza è stato inserito nella Legge 648/96.

In uno studio prelimininare, la lamivudina si è rivelata del tutto inefficace nell’epatite cronica delta (13).

 

Bibliografia

1.        Hadziyannis SJ, et al. Treatment of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. Sem Liv Dis 2003; 23:81-8.

2.        Almasio P, et al. Hepatitis B: prognosis and treatment. In: McDonald JWD et al Eds. Evidence-based Gastroenterology and Hepatology. London: BMJ Books, 1999;305-19.

3.        Liaw YF, et al. Acute exacerbation and hepatitis B virus clearance after emergence of YMDD Motif mutation during Lamivudine therapy. Hepatology 1999;30:567-72.

4.        Honkoop P, et al. Acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection after withdrawal of Lamivudine therapy. Hepatology 2000;32:635-9.

5.        Lampertico P, et al. YMDD mutanyts, hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic decompensation in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis treated long term with lamivudine monotherapy Dig Liv Dis 2001; 33:104.

6.        Di Marco et al. The corse of anti-HBe/HBVDNA positive chronic liver disease during long term lamivudine treatment. J Hepatology 2003; 38 (Suppl 2):25.

7.        Lok ASF, et al. Chronic Hepatitis B: Update of Recommedations. Hepatology ; 2004; in press.

8.        EASL International Consensus Conference on Hepatitis B 13-14 September 2002 Geneva Switzerland Consensus Statement. J Hepatology 2003; 38:533-40.

9.        Perrilllo R et a. Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B mutants. Hepatology 2000; 32:129-34.

10.     Perrillo R, et al. Multicenter study of Lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B after transplantation. Hepatology 1999;29:1581-6.

11.     Mutimer DJ, et al. Lamivudine without HBIG for prevention of graft infection by hepatitis B; long term follow up. Hepatology 1999;30:301.

12.     Angus PW, et al. Combination low dose Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (HBIG) and Lamivudine therapy provides effective prophylaxis against post transplant hepatitis B. Hepatology 1999;30:301.

13.     Lau DTY, et al. Lamivudine for chronic delta hepatitis. Hepatology 1999;30:546-9.

 

 

 

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              LAMIVUDINA                                                                           J05AF05

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ZEFFIX                                                                   100 MG 28 COMPRESSE                                                                 34506016                GLAXO GROUP

                                                                                     FILMRIVESTITE IN BLISTER USO                                                                                  LIMITED                   

                                                                                     ORALE                                                                                                                                                                         

   ZEFFIX                                                                   5 MG/ML SOLUZIONE ORALE 1                                                34506030                GLAXO GROUP

                                                                                     FLACONE 240 ML USO ORALE                                                                                     LIMITED                   

 

 


Nota 36

Ormoni androgeni:

-  testosterone

-  metiltestosterone

 

La prescrizione a carico del SSN, su diagnosi e piano terapeutico di centri specializzati, Universitari o delle Aziende Sanitarie, individuati dalle Regioni e dalle Province autonome di Trento e Bolzano, è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

 

-          ipogonadismi maschili primitivi e secondari;

-          pubertà ritardata.

 

La prescrizione degli ormoni androgeni  non è rimborsata dal SSN per altre indicazioni autorizzate.

 

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              TESTOSTERONE *                                                                  G03BA03

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ANDRIOL                                                             " 40 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 60                                                     24585034                ORGANON ITALIA

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                  S.P.A.                       

   TESTO ENANT                                                   IM 1 FIALA 2 ML 250 MG                                                               9746025                  GEYMONAT SPA     

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

   TESTOVIS                                                             IM 2 FIALE 2 ML 100 MG                                                                3559059                  LABORATORIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SIT SPECIALITA'

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            IGIENICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            TERAPEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                      

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              METILTESTOSTERONE*                                                          G03BA02

 


Nota 39

Ormone della crescita (somatotropina)

La prescrizione a carico del SSN, su diagnosi e piano terapeutico di centri specializzati, Universitari o delle Aziende Sanitarie, individuati dalle Regioni e dalle Province autonome di Trento e Bolzano, è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

 

Età evolutiva

-          bassa statura da deficit di GH definito dai seguenti parametri clinico-auxologici e di laboratorio:

                 I.   a) statura < -3DS oppure statura < -2DS e velocità di crescita/anno < -1DS rispetto alla norma per età e sesso, misurata a distanza di almeno 6 mesi con le stesse modalità;

oppure

b)  velocità di crescita/anno < -2DS o < -1,5 DS dopo 2 anni consecutivi, anche in assenza di bassa statura; nei primi 2 anni di vita, sarà sufficiente fare riferimento alla progressiva decelerazione della velocità di crescita (la letteratura non fornisce a riguardo dati definitivi in termini di DS);

oppure

c)  malformazioni/lesioni ipotalamo-ipofisario dimostrate a livello neuroradiologico o difetti ipofisari multipli che comportino deficit di GH accertato in base ad una delle modalità del punto b;

e

               II.   a) risposta di GH < 10 μg/L ad almeno 2 test farmacologici eseguiti in giorni differenti;

oppure

b)  risposta di GH < 20 μg/L nel caso uno dei 2 test impiegati sia GHRH + arginina o GHRH + piridostigmina;

oppure

c)  secrezione spontanea media di GH nelle 24 ore, o quantomeno nelle 12 ore notturne < 3 μg/L in presenza di normale risposta ai test farmacologici e valori di IGF1 < -2 DS;

 

-          sindrome di Turner citogeneticamente dimostrata;

-          deficit staturale nell’insufficienza renale cronica;

-          sindrome di Prader Willi in soggetti prepuberi;

 

Età adulta

-          soggetti con livelli di GH allo stimolo con ipoglicemia insulinica <3mg/L o, in presenza di controindicazioni al test di ipoglicemia insulinica, con picco inadeguato di GH dopo stimoli alternativi, per:

a)   ipofisectomia totale o parziale (chirurgica, da radiazioni);

b)  ipopituitarismo idiopatico, post traumatico, da neoplasie sellari e parasellari.

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

-Età evolutiva

Il trattamento con l'ormone della crescita va effettuato in neonati con ipopituitarismo e nei bambini con bassa statura e/o bassa velocità di crescita staturale che presentano una delle caratteristiche (clinico-auxologiche o di diagnostica di immagini) di cui al punto I. e nei quali, contemporaneamente, sia dimostrato il deficit di GH in base ad una delle modalità di cui al punto II.

Il trattamento con GH biosintetico può essere effettuato fino al raggiungimento della statura definitiva e deve essere proseguito in età adulta nei pazienti in cui sia stato confermato un deficit permanente di GH, secondo i criteri applicabili in età adulta.

Il trattamento non va effettuato in bambini con bassa statura costituzionale o familiare in cui non siano state chiaramente documentate le alterazioni sopra specificate.

In soggetti con caratteristiche clinico-auxologiche in accordo con il punto I e con normale secrezione di GH (punto II), la terapia può essere effettuata solo se valutata e autorizzata dalla Commissione Regionale preposta alla sorveglianza epidemiologica ed al monitoraggio dell’appropriatezza del trattamento con GH.

Il monitoraggio dell’appropriatezza dell’uso dell’ormone sarà effettuato da Commissioni Regionali con l’istituzione di un registro, assumendo come modello di riferimento il registro operante nella Regione Piemonte.

Le Autorità Sanitarie preposte alle attività di controllo invieranno i dati dei Registri Regionali, con cadenza annuale, all’Istituto Superiore di Sanità che si farà carico della sorveglianza epidemiologica nazionale. Per il monitoraggio della prescrizione è necessario far riferimento alla prevalenza del trattamento nella popolazione compresa tra 0 e 18 anni d’età, che è stimabile, in base ai dati della letteratura scientifica internazionale degli ultimi 20 anni, in 1:2000 (tasso di esposizione al trattamento). Va, inoltre, tenuto conto che la coorte dei soggetti affetti dalle principali patologie per cui è indicata la terapia con GH è sostanzialmente stabile nel tempo e distribuita in modo omogeneo sul territorio.

Soggetti adulti con deficit di GH presentano un abbassamento della qualità di vita, una riduzione della forza muscolare, un aumento dell'adipe viscerale che, insieme ad un aumento del colesterolo circolante, costituisce un fattore di rischio per complicanze cardiovascolari.

In particolare, è stato dimostrato un chiaro aumento dei processi di aterosclerosi con netto incremento della mortalità da cause cardiovascolari. Il trattamento sostitutivo con GH biosintetico va comunque riservato solo ai rari casi nei quali vi sia un severo deficit di GH, dimostrato da un picco di risposta < 3 μg/L dopo ipoglicemia insulinica, oppure, in presenza di controindicazioni al test dell’ipoglicemia (cardiopatie, patologia del SNC, età avanzata), a seguito di un picco inadeguato di GH dopo stimoli alternativi utilizzati con limiti di normalità appropriati alla loro potenza.

Il test con GHRH + arginina viene ad oggi ritenuto l’alternativa di prima scelta e, dopo questo stimolo, un severo deficit di GH è dimostrato da un picco dei livelli circolanti di GH < 9 μg/L. Il rigoroso rispetto di tali criteri esclude la possibilità di un uso improprio o eccessivo del farmaco.

 

Bibliografia di riferimento

1. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologist AACE clinical practice guidelines for growth hormone use in adults and children. Endocr Pract 1998; 4:165-73.

2. Buckaway CK, et al. The IGF-I generation test revisited: A marker of the GH sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 5176-83.

3. Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of adults with growth hormone deficiency: summary statement of the Growth Hormone Research Society Workshop on adult growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:379-81.

4. Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone (GH) deficiency in childhood and adolescence: Summary statement of the GH research society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 3990-3.

5. Guidelines for the use of growth hormone in children with short stature. A report by the Drug and Therapeutics Committee of the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society. J Pediatr 1995;127:857-67.

6. Hoffman DM, et al. Diagnosis of Growth hormone deficiency in adults. Lancet 1994; 344: 482-3.

7. Lissett CA, et al. How many tests are required to diagnose growth hormone (GH) deficiency in adults. Clin Endocrinol 1999; 51: 551-7.

8. Pena-Almazan S.et al. Growth characteristics of congenitally GH-deficient infants from birth to one year of age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2001; 86: 5691-4.

9. Saggese G, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone deficiency in children and adolescents: towards a consensus. Ten years after the availability of recombinant human Growth Hormone Workshop held in Pisa, Italy, 27-28 March 1998. Horm Res 1998;50:320-40.

10. Takahashi, et al. Short stature caused by mutant growth hormone. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 432-6

11. Zadik Z, et al. The definition of a spontaneous Growth Hormone (GH) peak: studies in normally growing and GH-deficient children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;74:801-5.

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              SOMATROPINA*                                                                     H01AC01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   GENOTROPIN                                                    "MINIQUICK" 7 TUBOFIALE 0,6 UI IN 7                                  26844187                PHARMACIA  A.B.   

                                                                                     SIR. MONONOSE                                                                                                                                                     

GENOTROPIN                                                       "MINIQUICK" 7 TUBOFIALE 3 UI IN 7                                      26844225                PHARMACIA  A.B.   

                                                                                     SIR. MONODOSE                                                                                                                                                     

   GENOTROPIN                                                    "MINIQUICK" 7 TUBOFIALE 2,4 UI IN 7                                  26844213                PHARMACIA  A.B.   

                                                                                     SIR. MONODOSE                                                                                                                                                     

   GENOTROPIN                                                    "MINIQUICK" 7 TUBOFIALE 1,8 UI IN 7                                  26844201                PHARMACIA  A.B.   

                                                                                     SIR. MONODOSE                                                                                                                                                     

   GENOTROPIN                                                    "MINIQUICK" 7 TUBOFIALE 1,2 UI IN 7                                  26844199                PHARMACIA  A.B.   

                                                                                     SIR. MONODOSE                                                                                                                                                     

   GENOTROPIN                                                    "MINIQUICK" 4 TUBOFIALE 3,6 UI IN 4                                  26844237                PHARMACIA  A.B.   

                                                                                     SIR. MONODOSE                                                                                                                                                     

   GENOTROPIN                                                    "MINIQUICK" 4 TUBOFIALE 5,4 UI IN 4                                  26844264                PHARMACIA  A.B.   

                                                                                     SIR. MONODOSE                                                                                                                                                     

   GENOTROPIN                                                    "MINIQUICK" 4 TUBOFIALE 4,2 UI IN 4                                  26844249                PHARMACIA  A.B.   

                                                                                     SIR. MONODOSE                                                                                                                                                     

   GENOTROPIN                                                    "MINIQUICK" 4 TUBOFIALE 4,8 UI IN 4                                  26844252                PHARMACIA  A.B.   

                                                                                     SIR. MONODOSE                                                                                                                                                     

   GENOTROPIN                                                    "KABIVIAL" 1 TUBOFIALA 4 U.I.                                                26844023                PHARMACIA  A.B.   

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   GENOTROPIN                                                    "KABIPEN" 1 TUBOFIALA 16 UI                                                 26844098                PHARMACIA  A.B.   

   GENOTROPIN                                                    "MINIQUICK" 4 TUBOFIALE 6 UI IN 4                                      26844276                PHARMACIA  A.B.   

                                                                                     SIR. MONODOSE                                                                                                                                                     

   HUMATROPE                                                     1 FLAC. LIOF 4 UI (1,33 MG) + 1 FLAC. 2                                 26962011                ELI LILLY ITALIA

                                                                                     ML                                                                                                                                                S.P.A.                       

   HUMATROPE                                                     CARTUCCIA 18 UI (6 MG)                                                              26962047                ELI LILLY ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   HUMATROPE                                                     1 FLAC. LIO 16 UI (5,33 MG) +                                                      26962023                ELI LILLY ITALIA

                                                                                     DILUENTE                                                                                                                                S.P.A.                       

   NORDITROPIN                                                  "PENSET" 1 FLACONE LIOFILIZZATO 8                                 27686056                NOVO NORDISK A/S

                                                                                     MG + 1 FLAC. SOLV. + PENSET                                                                                                                          

   NORDITROPIN                                                  1 FLACONE LIOFILIZZATO 1,33 MG +1                                  27686017                NOVO NORDISK A/S

                                                                                     FLAC. SOLV. 3 ML                                                                                                                                                   

   NORDITROPIN                                                  1 FLACONE LIOFILIZZATO 4 MG + 1                                       27686031                NOVO NORDISK A/S

                                                                                     FLAC. SOLV. 1 ML                                                                                                                                                   

   NORDITROPIN                                                  SIMPLEX SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                   27686068                NOVO NORDISK A/S

                                                                                     CARTUCCIA 5 MG/1,5 ML PER PENNA                                                                                                        

                                                                                     DOSATRICE                                                                                                                                                               

   NORDITROPIN                                                  "PENSET" 1 FLACONE LIOFILIZZATO 4                                 27686043                NOVO NORDISK A/S

                                                                                     MG  + 1 FLACONE SOLVENTE +                                                                                                                      

                                                                                     PENSET                                                                                                                                                                        

   SAIZEN                                                                  1,33 MG - 3 FLACONI LIOFILIZZATO + 3                                26863023                INDUSTRIA

                                                                                     FIALE SOLVENTE                                                                                                                 FARMACEUTICA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SERONO S.P.A.       

   SAIZEN                                                                  1 FLACONCINO POLV. 8 MG + 1                                                26863100                INDUSTRIA

                                                                                     CARTUCCIA. SOLV. INSERITI IN UN                                                                            FARMACEUTICA

                                                                                     DISPOSITIVO PER LA                                                                                                         SERONO S.P.A.       

                                                                                     RICOSTRUZIONE                                                                                                                                                     

   SAIZEN                                                                  1,33 MG - 1 FLACONE LIOFILIZZATO + 1                               26863011                INDUSTRIA

                                                                                     FIALA SOLVENTE                                                                                                                FARMACEUTICA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SERONO S.P.A.       

   ZOMACTON                                                        1 FLAC. LIOF. 4 MG +1  FIALA SOLV. 3,5                                27743032                FERRING S.P.A.      

                                                                                                ML                                                            


Nota 40

Analoghi della somatostatina:

-     lanreotide

-     ocreotide

La prescrizione a carico del SSN, su diagnosi e piano terapeutico di centri specializzati, Universitari o delle Aziende Sanitarie, individuati dalle Regioni e dalle Province autonome di Trento e Bolzano, è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

 

-          acromegalia;

-          sindrome associata a tumori neuroendocrini;

-          tumori neuroendocrini “non funzionanti” che esprimono recettori per la somatostatina.

 

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

La somatostatina e i suoi analoghi, octreotide e lanreotide, inibiscono la secrezione del “growth-hormone” (GH) nel 90% dei pazienti affetti da acromegalia, nei quali persista un innalzamento del GH dopo terapia chirurgica o radioterapia o in cui non sussista un’indicazione chirurgica. Tale azione si concretizza in un miglioramento della sintomatologia. Non vi sono al momento dati da studi randomizzati che ne consiglino l'utilizzo in prima linea in alternativa ai trattamenti locoregionali (1,2).

Questi farmaci hanno azione inibente sulla produzione di molti peptidi prodotti da tumori neuroendocrini e risultano quindi efficaci nel controllo delle sindromi associate a questa patologia. Il controllo dei sintomi si può ottenere nel 70-90% dei pazienti con tumore carcinoide metastatico e nel 50-85% degli affetti da neoplasie neuroendocrine insulari (3,4).

L’indicazione al trattamento dei tumori “non funzionanti” è controversa e deve essere limitata a quei casi in cui è dimostrata la presenza di recettori per la somatostatina, in particolare con Octreoscan, che, pur con limiti di sensibilità, rappresenta l’unico test disponibile per rilevare la presenza “in vivo” di una sufficiente espressione di recettori per il farmaco in oggetto.

 

Bibliografia

1.        Newman CB. Medical management of acromegaly. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1999;28:171-90.

2.        Steward PM. Current therapy for acromegaly. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2000;11:128-32.

3.        Lamberts S, et al. Octreotide. N Engl J Med 1996;334:246-54.

4.        Tomasetti P, et al. Slow-release lanreotide treatment in endocrine gastrointestinal tumors. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:1468-71.

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              LANREOTIDE *                                                                        H01CB03

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   IPSTYL                                                                  "60 MG POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                       29399108                IPSEN S.P.A            

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                                                       

                                                                                     FLACONCINO + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE + 2                                                                                                     

                                                                                      AGHI 1 SIRINGA PER INIEZIONE                                                                                        

   IPSTYL                                                                  "30 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                     29399019                IPSEN S.P.A            

                                                                                     PER SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE A                                                                                                             

                                                                                     RILASCIO PROLUNGATO PER USO                                                                                                              

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE"1 FLACONE                                                                                         

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 2 ML  

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              OCTREOTIDE *                                                                        H01CB02

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   LONGASTATINA                                              "0,05 MG/ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"                              27104013                ITALFARMACO

                                                                                     5 FIALE 1 ML                                                                                                                           S.P.A.                       

   LONGASTATINA                                              "0,1 MG/ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 5                             27104025                ITALFARMACO

                                                                                      FIALE 1 ML                                                                                                                             S.P.A.                       

   LONGASTATINA                                              "0,5 MG/ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 3                             27104037                ITALFARMACO

                                                                                      FIALE 1 ML                                                                                                                             S.P.A.                       

   LONGASTATINA                                              "1 MG/5 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                             27104049                ITALFARMACO

                                                                                      FLACONE                                                                                                                                S.P.A.                       

   SAMILSTIN                                                          "0,05MG/ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"                               27284052                L P B ISTITUTO

                                                                                     5 FIALE 1 ML                                                                                                                           FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                           

   SAMILSTIN                                                          "1 MG/5 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                             27284088                L P B ISTITUTO

                                                                                      FLACONE                                                                                                                                FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   SAMILSTIN                                                          "0,1 MG/ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 5                             27284064                L P B ISTITUTO

                                                                                      FIALE 1 ML                                                                                                                             FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   SAMILSTIN                                                          "0,5 MG/ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 3                             27284076                L P B ISTITUTO

                                                                                      FIALE 1 ML                                                                                                                             FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   SANDOSTATINA                                              "0,05 MG/ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"                              27083017                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                     5 FIALE DA 1 ML                                                                                                                   S.P.A.                       

   SANDOSTATINA                                              "0,1 MG/ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 5                             27083029                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                      FIALE DA 1 ML                                                                                                                     S.P.A.                       

   SANDOSTATINA                                              "0,5 MG/ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 3                             27083031                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                      FIALE DA 1 ML                                                                                                                     S.P.A.                       

 

   SANDOSTATINA                                              "1 MG/5 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                             27083043                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                      FLACONE 

                                                                                     S.P.A.     

 

LONGASTATINA LAR

"LAR 10 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE

 PER SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE" 1 FLACONE

 + 2 FIALE 2 ML + SET DA INIEZIONE

 

027104052

ITALFARMACO SpA

LONGASTATINA LAR

"LAR 20 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE

PER SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE" 1 FLACONE

 + 2 FIALE 2 ML + SET DA INIEZIONE

 

027104064

ITALFARMACO SpA

LONGASTATINA LAR

"LAR 30 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE

PER SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE" 1 FLACONE

+ 2 FIALE 2 ML + SET DA INIEZIONE

 

027104076

ITALFARMACO SpA

LONGASTATINA LAR

"LAR 10 MG/2,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE

PER SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE" FLACONE

POLVERE + SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 2,5 ML

+ 2 AGHI

 

027104088

ITALFARMACO SpA

LONGASTATINA LAR

"LAR 20 MG/2,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE

PER SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE" FLACONE POLVERE

+ SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 2,5 ML + 2 AGHI

027104090

ITALFARMACO SpA

LONGASTATINA LAR

"LAR 30 MG/2,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE

 

PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE " FLACONE POLVERE

+ SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 2,5 ML + 2 AGHI

027104102

ITALFARMACO SpA

SANDOSTATINA LAR

"LAR 10 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE

 

PER SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE"  1 FLACONE

+ 2 FIALE DA 2 ML + SET DA INIEZIONE

027083056

NOVARTIS FARMA SpA

SANDOSTATINA LAR

"LAR 20 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE

 

 PER SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE"  1 FLACONE

 + 2 FIALE DA 2 ML + SET DA INIEZIONE

027083068

NOVARTIS FARMA SpA

SANDOSTATINA LAR

"LAR 30 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE

 

PER SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE"  1 FLACONE

+ 2 FIALE DA 2 ML + SET DA INIEZIONE

027083070

NOVARTIS FARMA SpA

SANDOSTATINA LAR

"LAR 10 MG/2,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE

 

 PER SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE " FLACONE POLVERE

+ SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 2,5 ML + 2 AGHI

027083082

NOVARTIS FARMA SpA

SANDOSTATINA LAR

"LAR 20 MG/2,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE

 

PER SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE" FLACONE POLVERE

+ SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 2,5 ML + 2 AGHI

027083094

NOVARTIS FARMA SpA

SANDOSTATINA LAR

"LAR 30 MG/2,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE

 

 PER SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE" FLACONE POLVERE

 + SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 2,5 ML + 2 AGHI

027083106

NOVARTIS FARMA SpA

 


Nota 41

-     calcitonina

La prescrizione a carico del SSN è limitata alla seguente condizione:

-          Morbo di Paget.

 

La prescrizione della calcitonina non è rimborsata dal SSN per altre indicazioni autorizzate.

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

La calcitonina è un ormone ipocalcemizzante, un peptide di 32 aminoacidi, normalmente prodotto dalle cellule C della tiroide. L’azione ipocalcemica è principalmente dovuta alla potente azione inibitoria esercitata sugli osteoclasti. Questa caratteristica è efficacemente sfruttata nel trattamento dei disordini ossei come la malattia di Paget e nell'ipercalcemia (1).

Per quanto riguarda l'osteoporosi, non vi sono prove univoche di efficacia clinica in termini di riduzione di fratture. Nonostante che la calcitonina produca, rispetto al placebo, un aumento della massa ossea (2), non sono documentate in letteratura variazioni di rilievo dell'incidenza di fratture (3) e, comunque, l'aumento di massa ossea è minore rispetto a quello indotto dall'alendronato (4).

Uno studio condotto dal Cochrane Group per stabilire l'efficacia del trattamento con calcitonina rispetto al placebo, nei pazienti in trattamento con corticosteroidi, non ha evidenziato differenze statisticamente significative tra i due gruppi per quanto riguarda l'aumento di massa ossea e il rischio relativo di fratture (5). La calcitonina può causare nausea, diarrea e flushing. Alcuni pazienti possono diventare resistenti nelle terapie a lungo termine forse a causa dello sviluppo di anticorpi neutralizzanti (6).

 

Bibliografia

1. Sexton PM, et al. Calcitonin. Curr Med Chem 1999;6:1067-93.

2. Gruber HE, et al. Osteoblast numbers after calcitonin therapy: a retrospectiv study of paired biopsies obtained during longterm calcitonin therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 2000;66:29-34.

3. Mincey BA, et al. Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in women with breast cancer. Mayo Clin Proc 2000;75:821-9.

4. Downs RW Jr,, et al. Comparison of alendronate and intranasal calcitonin far treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:1783-8.

5. Cranney A, et al. Calcitonin for the treatment and prevention of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2000;4.

6. Muff R, et al. Formation of neutralizing antibodies during intranasal synthetic salmon calcitonin treatment of postmenopausal osteoporis. Osteoporos Int 1991;1:72-5.

 

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              CALCITONINA DI SALMONE *                                            H05BA01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   BIOCALCIN                                                         5 FIALE 50 U.I. 1 ML                                                                         27795018                ESSETI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   BIOCALCIN                                                         5 FIALE 100 U.I. 1 ML                                                                       27795020                ESSETI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   CALCIOSINT                                                       5 FIALE 1 ML 50 UI                                                                           27330012                PULITZER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANA S.R.L.      

   CALCIOSINT                                                       5 FIALE 1 ML 100 UI                                                                         27330024                PULITZER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANA S.R.L.      

   CALCIOTON                                                       5 FIALE 1 ML 100 UI                                                                         27449014                SAN CARLO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                           

   CALCITONINA SANDOZ                              "100 U.I./ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"                                23704048                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                     5 FIALE 1 ML + 5 SIRINGHE                                                                                             S.P.A.                       

   CALCITONINA SANDOZ                              "50 U.I./ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 5                               23704051                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                     FIALE 1 ML + 5 SIRINGHE                                                                                                S.P.A.                       

   CALCO                                                                  " 50 U.I. /ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"                                27488016                LABORATORIO

                                                                                     5 FIALE 1 ML                                                                                                                           ITALIANO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            LISAPHARMA S.P.A.

   CALCO                                                                  "100 U.I. /ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"                               27488028                LABORATORIO

                                                                                     5 FIALE 1 ML                                                                                                                           ITALIANO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            LISAPHARMA S.P.A.

   CATONIN                                                             5 FIALE 1 ML 100 UI                                                                         27749011                MAGIS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   OSTEOCALCIN                                                  5 FIALE 100 U.I.                                                                                  27558028                TOSI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.A.S.                       

   OSTEOCALCIN                                                  5 FIALE 50 U.I.                                                                                     27558016                TOSI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.A.S.                       

 

   OSTEOVIS                                                            5 FIALE 1 ML 100 U.I.                                                                       27349024                NUOVO CONSORZIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             SANITARIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAZIONALE S.R.L.  

   OSTEOVIS                                                            5 FIALE 1 ML 50 U.I.                                                                         27349012                NUOVO CONSORZIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             SANITARIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAZIONALE S.R.L.  

   RULICALCIN                                                      "100U.I. SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 5                                      27392024                ALFA BIOTECH

                                                                                     FIALE                                                                                                                                          S.R.L.                       

   SALMOFAR                                                         5 FIALE 100 U.I.                                                                                  28586028                LA.FA.RE. S.R.L.     

   TONOCALCIN                                                    5 FIALE 100 U.I.                                                                                  25857184                ALFA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            WASSERMANN

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   TONOCALCIN                                                    5 FIALE 50 U.I.                                                                                     25857172                ALFA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            WASSERMANN

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

 


Nota 42

Bifosfonati:

-     acido etidronico

-     acido clodronico

 

 

La prescrizione a carico del SSN è limitata alle seguenti condizioni

 

-          trattamento del Morbo di Paget:

acido etidronico;

 

-          trattamento delle lesioni osteolitiche da metastasi ossee e del mieloma multiplo:

acido clodronico.

 

La prescrizione dei bifosfonati non è rimborsata dal SSN per altre indicazioni autorizzate.

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

I bifosfonati rallentano la formazione e la dissoluzione dei cristalli di idrossiapatite.

L'effetto dei bifosfonati da sfruttare in clinica è il potere di inibire il riassorbimento osseo. È stato anche dimostrato che il bifosfonato acido clodronico agisce non solo tramite l’inibizione dell’attività degli osteoclasti, ma anche tramite una riduzione diretta delle cellule tumorali dell'osso con meccanismi ancora da definire, sia di tipo indiretto (alterazioni del microambiente dell'osso) sia di tipo diretto (apoptosi delle cellule tumorali, oltre che degli osteoclasti) (1-3).

Per quanto riguarda l'osteoporosi postmenopausale, l'etidronato, somministrato ciclicamente per via orale, non ha dimostrato nei trial clinici controllati risultati univoci e quindi non è da considerare di sicura efficacia rispetto a end-point clinici (4, 5).

 

Bibliografia

1. Kyle R. The role of bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:734.

2. Diel IJ, et al. Reduction in new metastases in breast cancer with adjuvant clodronate treatment. N Engl J Med 1998;339:357.

3. Mundy Gr, et al. Bisphosphonates as anticancer drugs. N Engl J Med 1998;339:398.

4. Cranney A, et al. Etidronate for treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2000;2.

5. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. Scientific Advisory Board Osteoporosis Society of Canada. CMAJ 1996;155:1113.

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              ACIDO CLODRONICO *                                                         M05BA02

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ACIDO CLODRONICO                                   "300 MG/10 ML SOLUZIONE PER                                              35030028                GNR SPA                 

                                                                                     INFUSIONE ENDOVENOSA" 6 FIALE                                                                                                           

   CLASTEON                                                          "400 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE"10                                                    26372058                ABIOGEN PHARMA

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                  S.P.A.                        

   CLASTEON                                                          "300 MG CONCENTRATO PER                                                     26372033                ABIOGEN PHARMA

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE PER INFUSIONE"6 FIALE                                                                      S.P.A.                       

   CLIMACLOD                                                      "300 MG/10 ML SOLUZIONE PER                                              35002029                MASTELLI S.R.L.     

                                                                                     INFUSIONE ENDOVENOSA"  6 FIALE                                                                                                          

   CLODRON                                                           "400 MG CAPSULE  RIGIDE" 10                                                  34721050                FIDIA

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                  FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                           

   CLODRONATO                                                  "300 MG/10 ML SOLUZIONE PER                                              35129030                ABC

                                                                                     INFUSIONE ENDOVENOSA" 6 FIALE                                                                         FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   CLODY                                                                  "300 MG SOLUZIONE PER INFUSIONE                                   34294037                PROMEDICA S.R.L. 

                                                                                     ENDOVENOSA" 6 FIALE                                                                                                                                     

   DIFOSFONAL                                                     "400 MG CAPSULE"10 CAPSULE                                               26510053                SOCIETA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PRODOTTI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ANTIBIOTICI SPA   

 

   DIFOSFONAL                                                     "300 MG/10 ML CONCENTRATO PER                                      26510038                SOCIETA

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE PER INFUSIONE"" 6 FIALE                                                                    PRODOTTI

                                                                                     10 ML                                                                                                                                          ANTIBIOTICI SPA   

   MOTICLOD                                                          "300 MG/10 ML SOLUZIONE PER                                              35044039                LABORATORIO

                                                                                     INFUSIONE ENDOVENOSA" 6 FIALE 10                                                                   ITALIANO

                                                                                     ML                                                                                                                                                BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            LISAPHARMA S.P.A.

   NIKLOD                                                                "300 MG SOLUZIONE PER INFUSIONE "                                34292033                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     6 FIALE                                                                                                                                      BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAZIONALE SAVIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SRL                           

   OSSITEN                                                               "300" IV 6 FIALE 300 MG                                                                 26509036                ROCHE S.P.A.         

   OSSITEN                                                               10 CAPSULE 400 MG                                                                       26509051                ROCHE S.P.A.         

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              ACIDO ETIDRONICO                                                             M05BA01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ETIDRON                                                              30 CAPSULE 300 MG                                                                       23389012                ABIOGEN PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                        

 


Nota 48

Farmaci antiulcera:

 

Anti H2:

-  cimetidina

-  famotidina

-  nizatidina

-  ranitidina

-  roxatidina,

 

Inibitori di pompa:

-  esomeprazolo

-  lansoprazolo

-  omeprazolo

-  pantoprazolo

-  rabeprazolo

 

La prescrizione a carico del SSN è limitata ai seguenti periodi di trattamento ed alle seguenti condizioni:

 

-          durata di trattamento 4 settimane (occasionalmente 6 settimane):

§         ulcera duodenale o gastrica positive per Helicobacter pylori (Hp);

§         per la prima o le prime due settimane in associazione con farmaci eradicanti l’infezione;

§         ulcera duodenale o gastrica Hp-negativa (primo episodio);

§         malattia da reflusso gastroesofageo con o senza esofagite (primo episodio);

-          durata di trattamento prolungata, da rivalutare dopo un anno:

§         sindrome di Zollinger-Ellison;

§         ulcera duodenale o gastrica Hp-negativa recidivante;

§         malattia da reflusso gastroesofageo con o senza esofagite (recidivante).

 

Se la malattia da reflusso gastroesofageo è associata a infezione da Hp, l’eradicazione del batterio può essere indicata se il reflusso è associato a ulcera peptica o a gastrite cronica grave istologicamente documentata o se il controllo dei disturbi richiede trattamento ininterrotto con dosi elevate di inibitori di pompa protonica (es: omeprazolo, dosi pari o superiori a 20 mg/die).

 

Il trattamento eradicante va effettuato solo nei casi di dispepsia associata a presenza di ulcera gastrica o duodenale.

La prescrizione dei farmaci antiulcera non è rimborsata dal SSN in caso di dispepsia non ulcerosa e per altre indicazioni autorizzate.

 

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

L’ulcera duodenale è associata a infezione da Hp nel 90-95% dei casi e l’ulcera gastrica nel 75-85%.

È stato dimostrato da numerosi trial randomizzati e da meta‑analisi che l’eradicazione dell’infezione previene le recidive dell’ulcera, riducendole al 5-10% o meno.

L’eradicazione è efficace nei linfomi gastrici HP positivi a basso grado di malignità.

Il trattamento eradicante è fortemente raccomandato nell’ulcera duodenale e nell’ulcera gastrica, e lo è con particolare enfasi nei soggetti che hanno sofferto un’emorragia da ulcera per la prevenzione di risanguinamenti (1, 2).

Non ci sono prove convincenti di efficacia del trattamento eradicante nella dispepsia non ulcerosa. Dopo gli iniziali risultati contrastanti, infatti, almeno quattro trial pubblicati negli ultimi due anni hanno dato risultati concordanti che dimostrano l’inefficacia della terapia eradicante (3).

La malattia da reflusso gastroesofageo (MRGE), con o senza esofagite, ha tendenza alle recidive, che possono accentuare il danno esofageo ed esitare in metaplasia dell’epitelio a rischio di evoluzione neoplastica (esofago di Barrett). Nei soggetti oltre 45 anni, se la sintomatologia da reflusso è grave, o continua, o recidivante, è fortemente raccomandata l’endoscopia. Per il trattamento della malattia da reflusso, particolarmente se associata ad esofagite (4), i farmaci più efficaci sono gli inibitori di pompa protonica (5, 6), che nella maggior parte dei casi sono sufficienti per somministrazione discontinua e/o a dosi ridotte (7). I dati disponibili sono in prevalenza negativi rispetto a un vantaggio terapeutico dell’eradicazione dell’Hp sulla frequenza e intensità dei disturbi da MRGE (8). Un piccolo trial, che dimostrerebbe un vantaggio dall’eradicazione nella MRGE senza esofagite grave (9), presenta manifeste improprietà metodologiche (es: valutazione non secondo intention to treat; ogni evidenza di vantaggio è azzerata se i dati sono reinterpretati correttamente). Nella 8a edizione di Clinical Evidence l’eradicazione dell’Hp viene giudicata inefficace nel ridurre la frequenza di recidive della MRGE (10). Infine, anche il Consensus Report di Maastricht 2-2000 cita come consigliabile (“advisable”) l’eradicazione dell’Hp nella MRGE solo nei soggetti che richiedano “profonda soppressione long-term della secrezione gastrica” (11). Questa posizione sembra dettata dal timore che l’infezione da Hp associata ad acidosoppressione da inibitori di pompa protonica possa determinare gastrite atrofica, potenziale causa di carcinoma (12). Tuttavia, questa eventualità è stata rilevata dopo esposizione inusualmente intensa e protratta ad acido-soppressione (trattamento ininterrotto con 20-40 mg di omeprazolo/die per una durata media di 5 anni) ed è contraddetta da altri studi che impiegavano le stesse dosi di omeprazolo in soggetti con MRGE Hp-positivi e non rilevavano né atrofia gastrica né metaplasia (13).

Rimane da considerare il teorico vantaggio dell’eradicazione per prevenire l’insorgenza di carcinoma gastrico, per il quale l’infezione da Hp è solo uno dei fattori di rischio, insieme alla dieta, all’atrofia della mucosa, all’acquisizione dell’infezione nella prima infanzia (16), a fattori genetici e ad altri sconosciuti; e non c’è alcun indizio che indichi una riduzione di incidenza dopo eradicazione dell’Hp.

 

Bibliografia

1.        De Boer WA, Tytgat GNJ. Regular review. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. BMJ 2000;320:31-4.

2.        Peterson WL, et al. Helicobacter pylori related disease. Guidelines for testing and treatment. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1285-91.

3.        Danesh J, Pounder RE. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori and non ulcer dyspepsia. Lancet 2000;355:766-7.

4.        Baldi F, et al. Guidelines for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998;30:107-12.

5.        Moss SF, et al. Consensus statement for management of gastroesophageal reflux disease: result of a Workshop meeting at Yale University School of Medicine, Dept of Surgery, Nov 16 et 17, 1997. J Clin Gastroenterol 1998;27:6-12.

6.        Katzka D. Gastro-esophageal reflux disease. In: Godlee F, 3 eds. Clinical Evidence. London: BMJ Publ Group, 2000:225-35.

7.        Inadomi JM, et al. Step-down management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology 2001;121:1095-100.

8.        Moayyedi P, et al. Helicobacter pylori eradication does not exacerbate reflux symptoms in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology 2001;121:1120-6.

9.        Schwizer W, et al. Helicobacter pylori and symptomatic relapse of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2001;357:1738-42.

10.     Delaney B, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection. In: Godlee F Ed. Clinical Evidence, 8° Edizione 2002, BMJ Publ. Group:458-9.

11.     Malfertheiner P, et al. Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection – The Maastricht 2-2000 Consensus report. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002;16:167-80.

12.     Kuipers EJ, et al. Atrophic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with reflux esophagitis treated with omeprazole or fundoplication. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1018-22.

13.     Lundell L, et al. (the Nordic GERD Study Group). Lack of effect of acid suppression therapy on gastric atrophy. Gastroenterology 1999;11:319-26.

14.     EUROGAST Study Group. An international association between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer. Lancet 1993;341:1359-62.

15.     Davey Smith G, et al. Adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood and cause specific adult mortality: prospective observational study. BMJ 1998;316:1631-5.

16.     Parsonnet J. Helicobacter pylori in the stomach – a paradox unmasked. N Engl J Med 1996;335:278-80.

 

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              CIMETIDINA *                                                                         A02BA01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   BIOMAG                                                               "800 MG COMPRESSE"30 COMPRESSE                                   24464087                PULITZER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANA S.R.L.      

   BIOMAG                                                               50 COMPRESSE 400 MG                                                                 24464048                PULITZER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANA S.R.L.      

   BRUMETIDINA                                                  50 COMPRESSE 400 MG                                                                 24124024                BRUSCHETTINI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SRL                          

   BRUMETIDINA                                                  "200 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE                                                           24124036                BRUSCHETTINI

                                                                                     INIETTABILE"10 FIALE 2 ML                                                                                          SRL                          

   CIMETIDINA                                                       "400 MG COMPRESSE" 50 COMPRESSE                                  33956020                TEVA PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIA S.R.L.           

   DINA                                                                      50 COMPRESSE DIVISIBILI 400 MG                                          24251074                SAN CARLO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   NOTUL                                                                  30 COMPRESSE 800 MG                                                                 24179069                SOCIETA'

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            STABILIMENTO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MENDELEJEFF

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   TAGAMET                                                            "200 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE                                                           23572023                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                     INIETTABILE"12 FIALE 2 ML                                                                                          S.P.A.                       

   TAGAMET                                                            "400" 50 BUSTINE 400 MG                                                              23572148                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   TAGAMET                                                            "400" 50 COMPRESSE 400 MG                                                      23572062                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   TAGAMET                                                            "800" 30 BUSTINE 800 MG                                                              23572136                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   TAGAMET                                                            "800" 30 COMPRESSE 800 MG                                                      23572124                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

 

   TEMIC                                                                    "400 MG COMPRESSE" 50 COMPRESSE                                  24149039                FARMA UNO S.R.L.  

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   TEMIC                                                                    "800 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  24149054                FARMA UNO S.R.L.  

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   ULCEDIN                                                             "800" 30 COMPRESSE 800 MG                                                      24443069                A.G.I.P.S.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI SRL

   ULCEDIN                                                             30 BUSTINE POLVERE 800 MG                                                   24443083                A.G.I.P.S.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI SRL

   ULCEDIN                                                             50 BUSTINE POLVERE 400 MG                                                   24443071                A.G.I.P.S.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI SRL

   ULCEDIN                                                             "400" 50 COMPRESSE CONFETTATE                                        24443057                A.G.I.P.S.

                                                                                     400 MG                                                                                                                                       FARMACEUTICI SRL

   ULCODINA                                                         30 BUSTINE 800 MG                                                                         24215081                SO.SE.PHARM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L. SOCIETA' DI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SERVIZIO PER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            L'INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA ED

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             AFFINI                     

   ULCODINA                                                         50 COMPRESSE 400 MG                                                                 24215079                SO.SE.PHARM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L. SOCIETA' DI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SERVIZIO PER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            L'INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA ED

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             AFFINI                     

   ULCOMEDINA                                                  50 COMPRESSE 400 MG                                                                 24496073                DE SALUTE S.R.L.  

   ULIS                                                                        50 BUSTINE 400 MG                                                                         24612069                LA.FA.RE. S.R.L.     

   ULIS                                                                        50 CAPSULE 400 MG                                                                       24612057                LA.FA.RE. S.R.L.     

   ULIS                                                                        30 BUSTINE 800 MG                                                                         24612083                LA.FA.RE. S.R.L.     

   ULIS                                                                        30 COMPRESSE 800 MG                                                                 24612071                LA.FA.RE. S.R.L.     

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              ESOMEPRAZOLO                                                                    A02BC05

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   AXAGON                                                              14 CPR GASTRORESISTENTI DA 20                                          35035157                SIMESA S.P.A.        

                                                                                     MG IN BLISTER AL/AL                                                                                                                                         

   AXAGON                                                              14 CPR GASTRORESISTENTI DA 40                                          35035563                SIMESA S.P.A.        

                                                                                     MG IN BLISTER AL/AL                                                                                                                                         

   ESOPRAL                                                             14 CPR GASTRORESISTENTI IN                                                  35433022                BRACCO S.P.A.       

                                                                                     BLISTER DA 20 MG                                                                                                                                                

   ESOPRAL                                                             14 CPR GASTRORESISTENTI IN                                                  35433174                BRACCO S.P.A.       

                                                                                     BLISTER DA 40 MG                                                                                                                                                

   LUCEN                                                                  14 CPR RIVESTITE CON FILM IN                                                35367414                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     BLISTER DA 40 MG                                                                                                              FARMACOBIOLOGIC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            O MALESCI S.P.A.   

   LUCEN                                                                  14 CPR RIVESTITE CON FILM IN                                                35367263                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     BLISTER DA 20 MG                                                                                                              FARMACOBIOLOGIC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            O MALESCI S.P.A.   

   NEXIUM                                                                14 CPR RIVESTITE CON FILM IN                                                34972265                ASTRAZENECA

                                                                                     BLISTER DA 20 MG                                                                                                              S.P.A.                       

   NEXIUM                                                                14 CPR RIVESTITE CON FILM IN                                                34972416                ASTRAZENECA

                                                                                     BLISTER DA 40 MG                                                                                                              S.P.A.                        

  

 

 

PRINCIPIO ATTIVO                 FAMOTIDINA *                                                                       A02BA03

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   FAMODIL                                                             10 COMPRESSE 40 MG                                                                    25924010                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   FAMODIL                                                             IV 10 FIALE LIOF 20 MG + 10 FIALE 5 ML                             25924034                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   GASTRIDIN                                                         "40 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                      25925013                MERCK SHARP E

                                                                                     FILM" 10 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        DOHME (ITALIA)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   MOTIAX                                                                "40 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                      26040030                NEOPHARMED SPA

                                                                                     FILM" 10 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                          

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              LANSOPRAZOLO *                                                                  A02BC03

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   LANSOX                                                               "15 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 14 CAPSULE                               28600029                TAKEDA ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   LANSOX                                                               " 30 MG COMPRESSE                                                                       28600094                TAKEDA ITALIA

                                                                                     ORODISPERSIBILI " 14 COMPRESSE                                                                           FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   LANSOX                                                               " 15 MG COMPRESSE                                                                       28600070                TAKEDA ITALIA

                                                                                     ORODISPERSIBILI " 14 COMPRESSE                                                                           FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   LANSOX                                                               "30 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 14 CAPSULE                               28600017                TAKEDA ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   LIMPIDEX                                                            " 15 MG COMPRESSE                                                                       28755078                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                     ORODISPERSIBILI " 14 COMPRESSE                                                                           INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   LIMPIDEX                                                            " 30 MG COMPRESSE                                                                       28755092                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                     ORODISPERSIBILI " 14 COMPRESSE                                                                           INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   LIMPIDEX                                                            "15 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 14 CAPSULE                               28755027                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   LIMPIDEX                                                            "30 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 14 CAPSULE                               28755015                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   ZOTON                                                                   "15 MG CAPSULE" 14 CAPSULE                                                28775029                WYETH LEDERLE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ZOTON                                                                   "30 MG CAPSULE" 14 CAPSULE                                                28775017                WYETH LEDERLE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ZOTON                                                                   " 30 MG COMPRESSE                                                                       28775094                WYETH LEDERLE

                                                                                     ORODISPERSIBILI " 14 COMPRESSE                                                                           S.P.A.                       

   ZOTON                                                                   " 15 MG COMPRESSE                                                                       28775070                WYETH LEDERLE

                                                                                     ORODISPERSIBILI " 14 COMPRESSE                                                                           S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              NIZATIDINA *                                                                          A02BA04

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   CRONIZAT                                                           20 CAPSULE 150 MG                                                                       26617011                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CABER S.P.A.         

   CRONIZAT                                                           10 CAPSULE 300 MG                                                                       26617023                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CABER S.P.A.         

   NIZAX                                                                    "150 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 20                                                   26616019                ELI LILLY ITALIA

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                  S.P.A.                       

 

   NIZAX                                                                    "300 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 10                                                   26616021                ELI LILLY ITALIA

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                  S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              OMEPRAZOLO *                                                                      A02BC01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ANTRA                                                                  "10 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                  28245114                ASTRAZENECA

                                                                                     MODIFICATO" 14 CAPSULE                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

 

   ANTRA                                                                  "20 MG CAPSULE A RILASCIO                                                   28245090                ASTRAZENECA

                                                                                     MODIFICATO" 14 CAPSULE                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   LOSEC                                                                   "20 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A  RILASCIO                                 26804106                ASTRAZENECA AB

                                                                                     MODIFICATO" 14 CAPSULE                                                                                                                              

   LOSEC                                                                   "10 MG CAPSULE A RILASCIO                                                   26804082                ASTRAZENECA AB

                                                                                     MODIFICATO" 14 CAPSULE                                                                                                                              

   MEPRAL                                                               "20 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                  26783098                BRACCO S.P.A.       

                                                                                     MODIFICATO" 14 CAPSULE                                                                                                                              

   MEPRAL                                                               "10 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                  26783086                BRACCO S.P.A.       

                                                                                     MODIFICATO" 14 CAPSULE                                                                                                                              

   OMEPRAZEN                                                     "10 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                  26803080                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     MODIFICATO" 14 CAPSULE                                                                                            FARMACOBIOLOGIC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            O MALESCI S.P.A.   

   OMEPRAZEN                                                     "20 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                  26803104                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     MODIFICATO" 14 CAPSULE                                                                                            FARMACOBIOLOGIC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            O MALESCI S.P.A.   

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              PANTOPRAZOLO *                                                                  A02BC02

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   PANTECTA                                                          14 COMPRESSE GASTRORESISTENTI                                     31834094                ABBOTT S.P.A.       

                                                                                     20 MG IN FLACONE                                                                                                                                               

   PANTOPAN                                                        14 COMPRESSE GASTRORESISTENTI                                     31835097                PHARMACIA ITALIA

                                                                                     20 MG IN FLACONE                                                                                                             S.P.A.                       

   PANTORC                                                            14 CPR GASTRORESISTENTI 20 MG                                         31981119                ALTANA PHARMA

                                                                                     FLACONE                                                                                                                                 SPA                          

   PEPTAZOL                                                          14 COMPRESSE GASTRORESISTENTI                                     31111091                RECORDATI

                                                                                     20 MG IN FLACONE                                                                                                             INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHIMICA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA S.P.A

 

 

 

 

PANTECTA

14 COMPRESSE GASTRORESISTENTI

20 MG IN BLISTER

 

031834029

ABBOTT SpA

PANTECTA

14 COMPRESSE GASTRORESISTENTI

IN BLISTER AL/AL DA 40 MG

 

031834296

ABBOTT SpA

PANTOPAN

14 COMPRESSE GASTRORESISTENTI

 20 MG IN BLISTER

 

031835022

PHARMACIA ITALIA SpA

PANTOPAN

14 COMPRESSE DA 40 MG

IN BLISTER AL/AL

 

031835287

PHARMACIA ITALIA SpA

PANTORC

14 CPR GASTRORESISTENTI

20 MG BLISTER

 

031981044

ALTANA PHARMA SpA

PANTORC

14 COMPRESSE GASTRORESISTETI

DA 40 MG IN BLISTER AL/AL

 

031981311

ALTANA PHARMA SpA

PEPTAZOL

14 COMPRESSE GASTRORESISTENTI

20 MG IN BLISTER

 

031111026

RECORDATI SpA

PEPTAZOL

14 COMPRESSE GASTRORESISTENTI

DA 40 MG IN BLISTER AL/AL

031111293

RECORDATI SpA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                 

 

  

 

 

 

PRINCIPIO ATTIVO                 RABEPRAZOLO *                                                                     A02BC04 

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   PARIET                                                                  1 BLISTER 14 CPR                                                                              34216022                JANSSEN CILAG

                                                                                     GASTRORESISTENTI 10 MG                                                                                             S.P.A.                       

   PARIET                                                                  1 BLISTER AL/AL 14 CPR                                                              34216186                JANSSEN CILAG

                                                                                     GASTRORESISTENTI 20 MG                                                                                             S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              RANITIDINA *                                                                         A02BA02

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   DOLILUX                                                             " 300 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                  35333032                FARMA UNO S.R.L.  

                                                                                      FILM"  20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                        

   DOLILUX                                                             " 150  MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE                                            35333020                FARMA UNO S.R.L.  

                                                                                     CON FILM"  20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                              

   RANIBEN                                                             SCIROPPO 200 ML (150 MG/10 ML)                                          25241098                F.I.R.M.A. SPA         

   RANIBEN                                                             "150 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   25241050                F.I.R.M.A. SPA         

                                                                                     FILM"20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                           

   RANIBEN                                                             "300 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   25241086                F.I.R.M.A. SPA         

                                                                                     FILM"20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                           

   RANIBEN                                                             "SOLUBILE" 10 CPR EFFERV 300 MG                                       25241124                F.I.R.M.A. SPA         

   RANIBEN                                                             "SOLUBILE" 20 CPR EFFERV. 150 MG                                      25241100                F.I.R.M.A. SPA         

   RANIBEN                                                             "SOLUBILE"20 BUST GRAN. EFF 150                                       25241148                F.I.R.M.A. SPA         

                                                                                     MG                                                                                                                                                                                  

   RANIBLOC                                                          "300 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   25490057                GLAXO ALLEN

                                                                                     FILM" 20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        S.P.A.                       

   RANIBLOC                                                          "150 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   25490018                GLAXO ALLEN

                                                                                     FILM"20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                         S.P.A.                        

   RANIDIL                                                               "150 MG/10 ML SCIROPPO"FLACONE                                    24447068                A.MENARINI

                                                                                     200 ML                                                                                                                                        INDUSTRIE SUD     

   RANIDIL                                                               "50 MG/5 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"                              24447031                A.MENARINI

                                                                                     10 FIALE                                                                                                                                    INDUSTRIE SUD     

   RANIDIL                                                               "SOLUBILE" 10 CPR EFFERV. 300 MG                                      24447094                A.MENARINI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE SUD     

   RANIDIL                                                               "SOLUBILE" 20 CPR EFFER. 150 MG                                         24447070                A.MENARINI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE SUD     

   RANIDIL                                                               "SOLUBILE"20 BUST GRAN. EFFER 150                                 24447118                A.MENARINI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE SUD     

   RANIDIL                                                               20 COMPRESSE 150 MG                                                                 24447029                A.MENARINI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE SUD     

   RANIDIL                                                               20 COMPRESSE 300 MG                                                                 24447056                A.MENARINI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE SUD     

   RANITIDINA                                                       " 300 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                  35332030                PLIVA PHARMA

                                                                                      FILM" 20 CPR                                                                                                                          S.P.A.                       

   RANITIDINA                                                       "300 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   34471021                DOC GENERICI SRL

                                                                                     FILM" 20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                          

   RANITIDINA                                                       " 50 MG/5 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"                             35331089                HEXAL S.P.A.          

                                                                                      10 FIALE                                                                                                                                                                     

   RANITIDINA                                                       " 300 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                  35331053                HEXAL S.P.A.          

                                                                                      FILM"  20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                        

   RANITIDINA                                                       " 300 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                  35330036                TEVA PHARMA

                                                                                      FILM " 20 CPR                                                                                                                         ITALIA S.R.L.           

   RANITIDINA                                                       " 150 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                  35332028                PLIVA PHARMA

                                                                                      FILM" 20 CPR                                                                                                                          S.P.A.                       

   RANITIDINA                                                       " 150 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                  35331014                HEXAL S.P.A.          

                                                                                      FILM"  20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                        

   RANITIDINA                                                       " 150 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                  35330024                TEVA PHARMA

                                                                                      FILM " 20 CPR                                                                                                                         ITALIA S.R.L.           

   RANITIDINA                                                       " 150 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                  34452108                ALLEN S.P.A.          

                                                                                      FILM " 20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                        

   RANITIDINA                                                       " 300 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                  34452110                ALLEN S.P.A.          

                                                                                      FILM " 20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                        

   RANITIDINA                                                       "150 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   34471019                DOC GENERICI SRL

                                                                                     FILM" 20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                          

   RANITIDINA ABC                                            20 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    35505015                ABC

                                                                                     DA 150 MG                                                                                                                               FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   RANITIDINA D & G                                         20 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    35860028                D & G S.R.L.             

                                                                                     DA 150 MG                                                                                                                                                                 

   RANITIDINA DOROM                                    20 CPR IN BLISTER AL/AL DA 150 MG                                   35190026                DOROM S.R.L.          

   RANITIDINA DOROM                                    10 CPR IN BLISTER AL/AL DA 300 MG                                   35190053                DOROM S.R.L.          

   RANITIDINA EG                                               20 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    35387149                EG S.P.A.                 

                                                                                     DA 300 MG                                                                                                                                                                 

   RANITIDINA EG                                               10 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    35387113                EG S.P.A.                 

                                                                                     DA 300 MG                                                                                                                                                                 

   RANITIDINA EG                                               20 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    35387024                EG S.P.A.                 

                                                                                     DA 150 MG                                                                                                                                                                 

   RANITIDINA GNR                                            20 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    35665025                GNR SPA                 

                                                                                     IN BLISTER AL/AL DA 150 MG                                                                                                                        

   RANITIDINA GNR                                            20 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    35665090                GNR SPA                 

                                                                                     IN BLISTER AL/AL DA 300 MG                                                                                                                        

  

RANITIDINA I.BIR.N.                                         20 COMPRESSE IN BLISTER AL/AL DA                                 35688011                I.BIR.N -ISTITUTO

                                                                                     150 MG                                                                                                                                       BIOTERAPICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAZIONALE S.R.L.  

   RANITIDINA MAGIS                                       10 COMPRESSE IN BLISTER PVC/AL                                       35501028                MAGIS

                                                                                     DA 300 MG                                                                                                                               FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   RANITIDINA MAGIS                                       20 COMPRESSE IN BLISTER PVC/AL                                       35501016                MAGIS

                                                                                     DA 150 MG                                                                                                                               FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                        

   RANITIDINA MERCK                                     20 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    35302138                MERCK GENERICS

   GENERICS                                                           IN BLISTER DA 150 MG                                                                                                      ITALIA S.P.A.          

   RANITIDINA MERCK                                     20 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    35302330                MERCK GENERICS

   GENERICS                                                           IN BLISTER DA 300 MG                                                                                                      ITALIA S.P.A.          

   RANITIDINA RATIOPHARM                       20 COMPRESSE IN BLISTER DA 2 DA                                     35397417                RATIOPHARM

   ITALIA                                                                   150 MG                                                                                                                                       ITALIA S.R.L.           

   RANITIDINA RATIOPHARM                       20 COMPRESSE IN BLISTER DA 2 DA                                     35398229                RATIOPHARM

   ITALIA                                                                   300 MG                                                                                                                                       ITALIA S.R.L.           

   RANITIDINA TS                                                 " 150 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                  35334022                FARMACEUTICI T.S.

                                                                                      FILM " 20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                       S.R.L.                      

   RANITIDINA TS                                                 " 300 MG COMPRESSERIVESTITE CON                                   35334034                FARMACEUTICI T.S.

                                                                                     FILM " 20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        S.R.L.                       

   RANITIDINA UNION                                      10 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    35702024                UNION HEALTH

                                                                                     DA 300 MG IN BLISTER AL/AL                                                                                      S.R.L.                       

   RANITIDINA UNION                                      20 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    35702012                UNION HEALTH

                                                                                     IN BLISTER AL/AL DA DA 150 MG                                                                              S.R.L.                       

   SENSIGARD                                                        " 150 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                  35335025                COPERNICO S.R.L. 

                                                                                      FILM" 20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                         

   SENSIGARD                                                        " 300 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                  35335037                COPERNICO S.R.L. 

                                                                                      FILM" 20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                         

   ULCEX                                                                   "150 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   25084017                LABORATORI

                                                                                     FILM"20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                         GUIDOTTI S.P.A.     

   ULCEX                                                                   "300 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   25084056                LABORATORI

                                                                                     FILM" 20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        GUIDOTTI S.P.A.     

   ULCEX                                                                   "50 MG/5 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"                              25084031                LABORATORI

                                                                                     10 FIALE                                                                                                                                    GUIDOTTI S.P.A.     

   ULCEX                                                                   "SOLUBILE" 10 CPR EFFERV 300 MG                                       25084094                LABORATORI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GUIDOTTI S.P.A.     

   ULCEX                                                                   "SOLUBILE" 20 CPR EFFERV 150 MG                                       25084070                LABORATORI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GUIDOTTI S.P.A.     

   ZANTAC                                                                "300 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   24448058                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                     FILM" 20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        S.P.A.                       

   ZANTAC                                                                "50 MG/5 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE                                24448033                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                     PER USO ENDOVENOSO" 10 FIALE                                                                            S.P.A.                        

   ZANTAC                                                                "300 MG COMPRESE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  24448096                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                      10 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                     S.P.A.                        

   ZANTAC                                                                "150 MG GRANULATO PER SOLUZIONE                              24448110                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                     ORALE" 20 BUSTINE                                                                                                           S.P.A.                       

   ZANTAC                                                                "150 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   24448021                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                     FILM" 20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        S.P.A.                       

  

ZANTAC                                                                   "150 MG COMPRESSE                                                                      24448072                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                     EFFERVESCENTI" 20 COMPRESSE                                                                               S.P.A.                       

   ZANTAC                                                                "150 MG/10 ML SCIROPPO" FLACONE                                   24448060                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                     200 ML                                                                                                                                        S.P.A.                       

 

RANITIDINA

" 300 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM

" 20 COMPRESSE

 

035752056

ANGENERICO SpA

RANITIDINA

50 MG/5 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE

" 10 FIALE 5 ML

 

035752082

ANGENERICO SpA

RANITIDINA D&G

20 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM

DA 300 MG

 

035860067

D&G Srl

RANITIDINA JET G.

20 COMPRESSE DA 150 MG

 

035503010

JET GENERICI Srl

RANITIDINA PANT

20 COMPRESSE IN BLISTER AL/AL

DA 150 MG

 

035502018

PANTAFARM Srl

RANITIDINA RES.

20 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM

DA 150 MG

 

035701010

NEW RESEARCH Srl

RANITIDINA RES.

10 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM DA

 

300 MG

035701022

NEW RESEARCH Srl

 

 

 

 

 

PRINCIPIO ATTIVO                 ROXATIDINA                                                                           A02BA06

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   GASTRALGIN                                                    "75 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE A                                            27778012                ISTITUTO DE

                                                                                     RILASCIO PROLUNGATO" 28                                                                                         ANGELI PH S.P.A.   

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                                              

   GASTRALGIN                                                    "150 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE A                                          27778024                ISTITUTO DE

                                                                                     RILASCIO PROLUNGATO" 14                                                                                         ANGELI PH S.P.A.   

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                                              

   NEOH 2                                                                 "150 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE A                                          27777022                LABORATORI

                                                                                     RILASCIO PROLUNGATO" 14                                                                                         PRODOTTI

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BONISCONTRO E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GAZZONE S.R.L.      

   NEOH 2                                                                 "75 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE A                                            27777010                LABORATORI

                                                                                     RILASCIO PROLUNGATO" 28                                                                                         PRODOTTI

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BONISCONTRO E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GAZZONE S.R.L.      

   ROXIT                                                                     "75 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE A                                            26774012                AVENTIS PHARMA

                                                                                     RILASCIO PROLUNGATO" 28                                                                                         S.P.A.                        

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                                              

   ROXIT                                                                     "150 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE A                                          26774024                AVENTIS PHARMA

                                                                                     RILASCIO PROLUNGATO" 14                                                                                         S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                                              

 


Nota 51

Analoghi RH:

-  buserelina

-  goserelina

-  leuprorelina

-  triptorelina

La prescrizione a carico del SSN, su diagnosi e piano terapeutico di centri specializzati, Universitari o delle Aziende Sanitarie, individuati dalle Regioni e dalle Province autonome di Trento e Bolzano, è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

 

-      carcinoma della prostata:           buserelina, goserelina, leuprorelina, triptorelina;

-      carcinoma della mammella:        goserelina, leuprorelina, triptorelina;

-      endometriosi:                               goserelina, leuprorelina, triptorelina;

-      fibromi uterini non operabili:     goserelina, leuprorelina, triptorelina;

-      pubertà precoce:                         leuprorelina, triptorelina;

-      trattamento prechirurgico:

·         durata di 3 mesi: per gli interventi di miomectomia e isterectomia della paziente metrorragica;

·         durata di 1 mese: per gli interventi di ablazione endometriale e di resezione di setti endouterini pervia isteroscopica;

                                                            goserelina, leuprorelina, triptorelina.

 

La prescrizione degli analoghi RH non è rimborsata dal SSN per altre indicazioni autorizzate.

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

Struttura: analoghi dello LHRH.

Meccanismo di azione: le dosi iniziali stimolano la produzione di FSH e LH; un trattamento prolungato determina desensibilizzazione dei recettori ipofisari e inibizione della produzione di entrambi gli ormoni gonadotropi (1). Funzionalmente si determina una condizione di castrazione farmacologica.

 

Indicazioni.

-  Carcinoma prostatico: l’uso clinico di questi principi attivi è soprattutto connesso all’inibizione della produzione degli ormoni gonadotropi (1). La leuprolide in uno studio randomizzato ha mostrato gli stessi risultati ottenuti con il dietilstibestrolo (DES) in pazienti con malattia metastatica (2). La goserelina in diversi trial clinici controllati è risultata efficace quanto l’orchiectomia (3,4). La stessa evidenza si ha anche per la triptorelina (5), la buserelina (6) e la leuprorelina (7). In genere, nella malattia avanzata, entro i primi 3 mesi di trattamento, le risposte obiettive si aggirano intorno al 50%; un ulteriore 25% mostra una stabilità di malattia, mentre il restante 25% progredisce (8).

-  Carcinoma mammario: l’uso clinico di questi principi attivi è soprattutto connesso all’inibizione della produzione degli ormoni gonadotropi a seguito dell’induzione dello stato menopausale (9, 10). Questa indicazione è ovviamente limitata alle donne in premenopausa e perimenopausa (che nel caso siano isterectomizzate abbiano un profilo ormonale conseguente) in cui l’espressione dei recettori per estrogeni e/o progesterone sia positiva o sconosciuta (9, 12, 13). Infatti, in queste condizioni i risultati terapeutici sono paragonabili o superiori a quelli della ovariectomia (9).

-  Pubertà precoce: il limite inferiore di età per l’inizio della pubertà, ancorché non semplice da definire, può essere stabilito a 7 anni (7-13 anni) per le femmine e a 9 anni (9-13,5 anni) per i maschi (14). Solo la pubertà precoce di origine centrale (pubertà precoce vera o LHRH dipendente) risponde al trattamento con analoghi stabili del LHRH naturale (1). L’uso di analoghi del LHRH è stato raccomandato da un comitato di approvazione della FDA (15). I benefici della terapia per la pubertà precoce includono una completa cessazione del ciclo mestruale nelle ragazze, l’interruzione o un netto rallentamento della maturazione dei caratteri sessuali secondari, il restaurarsi di comportamenti adeguati all’età anagrafica, la prevenzione della maturazione scheletrica precoce; quest’ultimo effetto previene anche la riduzione della statura in età adulta (15, 16).

-  Endometriosi: la terapia con reline dell’endometriosi è di elevata efficacia. Scompaiono i dolori, si ha una rapida involuzione degli impianti nell’endometrio ed aumentano le probabilità di successo del trattamento dell’infertilità (17, 18).

-  Trattamento prechirurgico: il trattamento per tre mesi con reline di pazienti metrorragiche, in preparazione ad interventi chirurgici sull’utero, porta ad una netta riduzione delle formazioni fibroidi uterine ed aumenta il successo di interventi di tipo conservativo che consentono di preservare la fertilità in donne giovani (19).

 

Bibliografia

1.        Conn PM, Crowley WF. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its analogs. Ann Rev Med 1994;45:391-405.

2.        The Leuprolide Study Group. Leuprolide versus diethylstilbestrol for metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 1984;311:1281-6.

3.        Vogelzang NJ, et al. Goserelin versus orchiectomy in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer: final results of a randomized trial. Urology 1995;46:220-6.

4.        Kaisari AV, et al. Comparison of LHRH analogue (Zoladex) with orchiectomy in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Br J Urol 1991;67:502-8.

5.        Parmar H, et al. Orchiectomy versus long-­acting D­Trp­6­LHRH in advanced prostatic cancer. Br J Urol 1987;59:248-54.

6.        Sylvester RJ, et al. The importance of prognostic factors in the interpretation of two EORTC metastatic prostate cancer trial. European organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group. Eur Urol 1998;33:134-43.

7.        Kienle E, Lubben G. Efficacy and safety of leuprorelin acetate depot for prostate cancer. The Gemen Leuprorelin Study Group. Urol Int 1996;56 (Suppl 1):S23-30.

8.        Robustelli della Cuna FS, Robustelli della Cuna G. Ormoni antitumorali. In: Bonadonna G, Robustelli della Cuna G. Medicina Oncologica. 6° ed. 1999:633-58.

9.        Taylor CW, et al. Multicenter randomized clinical trial of goserelin versus surgical ovariectomy in premenopausal patients with receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer: an intergroup study. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:994-9.

10.     Jonat W. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues – the rationale for adjuvant use in premenopausal women with early breast cancer. Br J Cancer 1998;78 (Suppl 4):S5-8.

11.     Harvey HA, et al. Medical castration produced by the GnRH leuprolide to treat metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1985;3:1068-72.

12.     Marini L, et al. Direct antiproliferative effect of triptorelin on human breast cancer cells. Anticancer Res 1994;14:1881-5.

13.     Garcia-Giralt E, et al. Phase II trial of decapeptyl (D-TRP-6), a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue in untreated advanced breast cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 1996;19:455-8.

14.     Grumbach MM, Styne DM. Puberty: ontogeny, neuroendocrinology, physiology, and disorders. In: Wilson JD et al eds. Williams textbook of endocrinology. 9th ed. W. B. Saunders Company,1998:1509-625.

15.     Boepple PA, et al. Use of a potent, long-acting agonist of gonadotropin­releasing hormone (GnRH) in the treatment of precocious puberty. Endocr Rev 1986;7:24-33.

16.     Boepple PA, et al. Impact of sex steroids and their suppression of on skeletal growth maturation. Am J Physiol 1988;255:559-66.

17.     Meldrum DR, et al. “Medina oophorectomy” using a long-acting GnRH agonist – a possible new approach to the treatment of endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982;54:1081-3.

18.     Cedar MI, et al. Treatment of endometriosis with a long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist plus medroxyprogesterone acetate. Obstet Gynecol 1990;75:641-5.

19.     Maheux R. Treatment of uterine leiomyomata: past, present and future. Horm Res 1989;32:125-33.

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              BUSERELINA                                                                           L02AE01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   SUPREFACT                                                        SC 1 FLAC. 5,5 ML 1MG                                                                   25540016                AVENTIS PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   SUPREFACT                                                        "NASALE" 1 FLAC. 10 MG/DOSE 100                                       25540028                AVENTIS PHARMA

                                                                                     EROGAZIONI + EROGATORE                                                                                         S.P.A.                       

   SUPREFACT                                                        "6,6 MG IMPIANTO A RILASCIO                                                 25540030                AVENTIS PHARMA

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 1 SIRINGA                                                                                              S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     PRERIEMPITA                                                                                                                                                          

   SUPREFACT                                                        "DEPOT 3 MESI" IMPIANTO CON                                               25540042                AVENTIS PHARMA

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA                                                                                                    S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              GOSERELINA                                                                           L02AE03

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ZOLADEX                                                            "10,8MG IMPIANTO A RILASCIO                                               26471021                ASTRAZENECA

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO PER USO                                                                                                  S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO" 1 SIRINGA                                                                                                                           

                                                                                     PRERIEMPITA                                                                                                                                                

   ZOLADEX                                                            "3,6 MG IMPIANTO A RILASCIO                                                 26471019                ASTRAZENECA

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO PER USO                                                                                                  S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO" 1 SIRINGA                                                                                                                           

                                                                                     PRERIEMPITA                                                                                                                                                

PRINCIPIO ATTIVO                 LEUPRORELINA                                                                      L02AE02

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ENANTONE                                                        "11,25 MG/2ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                27066048                TAKEDA ITALIA

                                                                                     PER SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE A                                                                           FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     RILASCIO PROLUNGATO PER USO                                                                            S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE E                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO"1 FLAC+1 SIRINGA                                                                                 

                                                                                     PRER DA 2 ML

   ENANTONE                                                        "3,75 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                  27066024                TAKEDA ITALIA

                                                                                     PER SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE A                                                                           FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     RILASCIO PROLUNGATO PER USO                                                                            S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE E                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO"1 FLAC+1 SIRINGA                                                                                 

                                                                                     PRER DA 2 ML

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              TRIPTORELINA *                                                                    L02AE04

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   DECAPEPTYL                                                   "11,25 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                               26999058                IPSEN S.P.A            

                                                                                      PER SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE A                                                                                                            

                                                                                     RILASCIO PROLUNGATO" 1                                                                                                                             

                                                                                     FLACONCINO  POLVERE + 1 FIALA                                                                                   

                                                                                     SOLVENTE + 1 SIRINGA            

   DECAPEPTYL                                                   "3,75 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                  26999021                IPSEN S.P.A            

                                                                                     PER SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE A                                                                                                             

                                                                                     RILSCIO PROLUNGATO" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                          

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE + 1                                                                                    

                                                                                     SIRINGA                  

   GONAPEPTYL DEPOT                                  1 SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA DI POLVERE                                 35562014                FERRING S.P.A.      

                                                                                      + 1 SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA DI 1 ML DI                                                                                                       

                                                                                     SOLVENTE DA 3,75 MG                                                                                                                                       


Nota 55

Antibiotici iniettabili per uso territoriale:

 

-  cefamandolo

-  cefonicid

-  ceftezolo

-  cefurossima

-  cefmetazolo

-  cefotetan

-  cefoxitina

-  cefodizima

-  cefoperazone

-  cefotaxima

-  ceftazidima*

-  ceftizoxima

-  ceftriaxone

-  cefepime*

-  mezlocillina

-  piperacillina

-  ampicillina+ sulbactam

-  piperacillina+ tazobactam*

-  ticarcillina+ac. clavulanico*

 

-  amikacina

-  gentamicina

-  netilmicina

-  tobramicina

 

La prescrizione carico del SSN degli antibiotici iniettabili per l’uso comunitario, è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

 

-      trattamento iniettivo di infezioni gravi delle vie respiratorie, delle vie urinarie, dei tessuti molli, intra-addominali, ostetrico-ginecologiche, ossee e articolari;

-      trattamento iniettivo delle infezioni causate da microrganismi resistenti ai più comuni antibiotici, particolarmente nei pazienti immunocompromessi.

 

Un razionale utilizzo degli antibiotici permette di preservare l’ambiente territoriale extra-ospedaliero dalla diffusione delle resistenze batteriche, mantenendolo separato da quello ospedaliero ed evitando il ricorso all’ospedalizzazione per trattare infezioni risolvibili efficacemente al domicilio del paziente. Tali farmaci non dovrebbero rappresentare, di norma, la prima scelta terapeutica, ma vanno riservati a casi selezionati, anche allo scopo di prevenire l’insorgere di ceppi resistenti sul territorio; ciò vale in particolare per gli antibiotici impiegati nei confronti di Pseudomonas aeruginosa contrassegnati da asterisco (*). Per gli aminoglicosidi in particolare è indicato l’impiego in associazione con  b lattamine, in pazienti anziani che vivono in RSA o strutture protette, in pazienti defedati o immuno-compromessi o recentemente dimessi dall’ospedale e/o sottoposti a trattamenti protratti con antibiotici a largo spettro, allo scopo di potenziare o ampliare lo spettro d’azione antibatterica.

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

Gli obiettivi della presente nota sono: 1) ottenere il successo terapeutico in caso di infezioni gravi in ambienti extra-ospedalieri, in particolare anche quando sia in causa un agente eziologico resistente ai più comuni antibiotici o nel paziente immunocompromesso; 2) limitare l’induzione di meccanismi di resistenza nei patogeni presenti in comunità.

Devono essere considerati due importanti punti:

1. le infezioni extra-ospedaliere sono suscettibili di un trattamento efficace con agenti a spettro più ristretto per via orale (ad es. infezioni di orecchio, naso e gola, sinusiti, infezioni delle basse vie respiratorie, dei tessuti molli, delle vie urinarie);

2. nel trattamento delle infezioni gravi, per massimizzare l’efficacia della terapia antibiotica, devono essere attentamente considerate le caratteristiche farmacocinetiche delle molecole presenti nella nota, utilizzando precisamente, secondo le indicazioni della scheda tecnica, dosi e numero di somministrazioni adeguate, così da ridurre il rischio di induzione di resistenze batteriche.

 

La scelta terapeutica è quasi sempre su base empirica, basata su una diagnosi eziologica presuntiva, su linee guida locali, nazionali od internazionali, ma, ove possibile, va ricercata la diagnosi microbiologica che consenta una terapia mirata.

Concettualmente possiamo suddividere i farmaci presenti nella nota in 6 gruppi.

1.        Cefalosporine di II generazione (cefamandolo, cefonicid, ceftezolo, cefurossima) e cefamicine (cefmetazolo, cefotetan, cefoxitina).

2.        Penicilline protette (ampicillina + sulbactam).

3.        Cefalosporine di III (cefodizima, cefoperazone, cefotaxima, ceftazidima, ceftizoxima, ceftriaxone) e di IV generazione (cefepime).

4.        Ureidopenicilline (mezlocillina e piperacillina).

5.        Ureidopenicilline e carbossipenicilline protette (piperacillina–tazobactam e ticarcicillina–acido clavulanico).

6.        Aminoglicosidi (amikacina, gentamicina, netilmicina, tobramicina).

Le prime due classi di farmaci presentano analogie di spettro antibatterico e di attività clinica in infezioni, gravi, sostenute dai più comuni germi comunitari, ma non da Pseudomonas spp.

Le ureidopenicilline e le cefalosporine di III e IV generazione dimostrano attività nei riguardi di gram-negativi produttori di beta-lattamasi. Alcune di queste molecole, identificabili con un asterisco, sono efficaci nei confronti di Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Poiché le infezioni sostenute da alcune Enterobacteriaceae produttrici di beta-lattamasi cosidette ad ampio spettro (ESBL) non sono più confinate solo in ambiente ospedaliero, ma sono in aumento anche in ambito territoriale extra-ospedaliero, va tenuto presente che tali molecole conferiscono alto grado di resistenza a molti antibiotici inseriti nella nota, con la eccezione di cefepime, cefotaxima, cefotetan, cefoxitina, piperacillina/tazobactam e ticarcilliana/clavulanato purché impiegate secondo posologia corretta per dosi e numero di somministrazioni. In particolare le carbossi- e le ureidopenicilline associate ad inibitori delle beta-lattamasi presentano un ampio spettro di efficacia e sono inoltre caratterizzate da una modesta tendenza all’induzione di resistenze. Per quanto riguarda gli aminoglicosidi è indicato l’impiego con  b-lattamine in pazienti anziani che vivono in RSA o strutture protette, in pazienti defedati o immuno-compromessi o recentemente dimessi dall’ospedale e/o sottoposti a trattamenti con antibiotici a largo spettro.

Un razionale utilizzo degli antibiotici permette di preservare l’ambiente territoriale dalla diffusione delle resistenze batteriche, mantenendolo separato da quello ospedaliero ed evita di ricorrere all’ospedalizzazione per trattare infezioni che possono essere risolte efficacemente al domicilio del paziente.

 

Bibliografia di riferimento

1.        Drusano GL. Prevention of resistance: a goal for dose selection for antimicrobial agents. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36(Suppl 1):S42-50.

2.        Berni C, et al. Verso un’impiego più razionale dell’antibioticoterapia. Toscana Medica 1998:7-14.

3.        Craig WA. Antibiotic kinetics between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in determining dosage regimens for broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1995;22:89-96.

4.        Del Favero A. La terapia antibiotica parenterale domiciliare: abusata, sottoutilizzata o male utilizzata? Informazioni sui farmaci 1997;21:37-43.

5.        Amsden BW, Ballow CH, Bertino JS. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-infective agents. In: Mandell GL et al, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 5th ed. 2000.

6.        Moellering RC Jr. Principles of antinfective therapy. In: Mandell GL et al, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 5th ed. 2000.

7.        Nicolau DP, et al. Antibiotic kinetics and dynamics for the clinician. Med Clin North Am. 1995;79:477-95.

8.        Quintiliani R. Strategies for the cost-effective use of antibiotics. In: Gorbach SL et al, eds. Black Low Infectious Diseases. Saunders, 1992:348-9.

9.        Quintiliani R. Pharmaceutical reimbursement policy and physician prescribing patterns. A case study of oral and injectable cephalosporin usage in Italy. Todays Therapeutic Trends 1997;14:241-50.

10.     Spanu T, et al. Occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae in Italy: implications for resistance to beta-lactams and other antimicrobial drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002;46:196-202.

11.     Bonfiglio G, et al. Prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases among Enterobacteriaceae: an Italian survey. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2002;19:213-7.

12.     Luzzaro F, et al. Properties of multidrug-resistant, ESBL-producing Proteus mirabilis isolates and possible role of beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2001;17:131-5.

13.     Johnson DM, Biedenbach DJ, et al.: “Potency and antimicrobial spectrum update for piperacillin/tazobactam (2000): emphasis on its activity against resistant organism populations and generally untested species causing community-acquired respiratory tract infections” Diagn Microbiol and Infect Dis. 2002;43:49-60.

14.     Smith DW. Decreased antimicrobial resistance after changes in antibiotic use. Pharmacotherapy 1999;19(8 Pt 2):129S-132S; discussion 133S-7S.

15.     Paul M, Soares-Weiser K, Leibovici L. b lactam monotherapy versus b lactam-aminoglycoside combination teraphy for fever with neutropenia: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ.2003;326:1111-20.

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              AMIKACINA *                                                                          J01GB06

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   AMICASIL                                                            " 500 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE                                                          24459113                PHARMATEX

                                                                                     INIETTABILE " 1 FIALA                                                                                                      ITALIA S.R.L.           

   AMIKACINA                                                       "1 G SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1 FIALA                              33586025                TEVA PHARMA

                                                                                      IM/EV                                                                                                                                         ITALIA S.R.L.           

   AMIKAN                                                               1 FLAC. IM 0,5 G 2 ML                                                                      27484043                SO.SE.PHARM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L. SOCIETA' DI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SERVIZIO PER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            L'INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA ED

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             AFFINI                     

 

 

 

   AMIKAN                                                               1 FLAC. IM 1 G 4 ML                                                                         27484031                SO.SE.PHARM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L. SOCIETA' DI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SERVIZIO PER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            L'INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA ED

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             AFFINI                     

 

   BB-K8                                                                     1 FLAC. IM 250 MG 2 ML                                                                23594031                BRISTOL MYERS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SQUIBB S.R.L.         

   BB-K8                                                                     1 FLAC. IM 500 MG 2 ML                                                                23594056                BRISTOL MYERS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SQUIBB S.R.L.         

   CHEMACIN                                                         IM IV 1 FIALA 500 MG 2 ML                                                          25513033                LABORATORIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C.T. S.R.L.               

   CHEMACIN                                                         IM IV 1 FIALA 1 G 4 ML                                                                   25513045                LABORATORIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C.T. S.R.L.               

   LIKACIN                                                               "500 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE                                                           24475055                LABORATORIO

                                                                                     INIETTABILE"1 FLACONCINO 2 ML                                                                            ITALIANO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            LISAPHARMA S.P.A.

   LIKACIN                                                               "250 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE                                                           24475030                LABORATORIO

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" 1 FLACONCINO 2 ML                                                                           ITALIANO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            LISAPHARMA S.P.A.

   LIKACIN                                                               "1000 MG/4 ML SOLUZIONE                                                        24475067                LABORATORIO

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" 1 FLACONCINO 4 ML                                                                           ITALIANO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            LISAPHARMA S.P.A.

   LIKACIN                                                               "100 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE                                                           24475016                LABORATORIO

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" 1 FLACONCINO 2 ML                                                                           ITALIANO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            LISAPHARMA S.P.A.

   LIKACIN                                                               "100 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE                                                           24475028                LABORATORIO

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" 5 FLACONCINI 2 ML                                                                             ITALIANO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            LISAPHARMA S.P.A.

   LUKADIN                                                            1 FIALA 2 ML 0,5 G + SIRINGA                                                    24527057                SAN CARLO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   LUKADIN                                                            IM IV 1 FIALA 1 G/4 ML                                                                  24527071                SAN CARLO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   MEDIAMIK                                                          "1 G/4 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                 34106017                MEDISINT S.R.L.      

                                                                                     FIALA                                                                                                                                                                           

   MIGRACIN                                                           " 1 G/ 4 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE "                                  25568080                MAX FARMA SRL     

                                                                                     FIALA 4 ML                                                                                                                                                                

   MIKAN                                                                  "500MG/2ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"                              28423010                LABORATORI

                                                                                     1 FIALA  2 ML                                                                                                                         PRODOTTI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BONISCONTRO E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GAZZONE S.R.L.      

   MIKAN                                                                  "1G/4ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" IM 1                             28423022                LABORATORI

                                                                                      FIALA 4 ML                                                                                                                             PRODOTTI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BONISCONTRO E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GAZZONE S.R.L.      

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

   MIKAVIR                                                              IM IV 1 FLAC.  1 G 5 ML                                                                   25587027                SALUS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RESEARCHES

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

   MIKAVIR                                                              IM IV 1 FLAC.  MG 500 2 ML                                                          25587015                SALUS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RESEARCHES

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   NEKACIN                                                             "1000 MG SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                  33190036                NEW RESEARCH

                                                                                     FIALA 4 ML                                                                                                                              S.R.L.                        

   PIERAMI                                                               "100 MG /2 ML SOLUZIONE                                                          24076111                FOURNIER PHARMA

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" 1 FIALA                                                                                                        S.P.A.                      

   PIERAMI                                                               "250 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE                                                           24076147                FOURNIER PHARMA

                                                                                     INIETTABILE"  1 FIALA                                                                                                       S.P.A.                      

   PIERAMI                                                               "500 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE                                                           24076174                FOURNIER PHARMA

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" 1 FIALA                                                                                                        S.P.A.      

 

AMICASIL

1 FLAC. IM 500 MG 2 ML

024459099

PHARMATEX ITALIA Srl

AMICASIL

1 FLAC. IM 1 G 4 ML

024459101

PHARMATEX ITALIA Srl

MIGRACIN

IM IV 1 FLACONCINO 500 MG 2 ML

025568039

MAX FARMA Srl

MIGRACIN

IM IV 1 FLACONCINO 1 G 4 ML

025568054

MAX FARMA Srl

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              AMPICILLINA/SULBACTAM *                                              J01CR01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   BETHACIL                                                           "1 G+500 MG/3,2 ML POLVERE E                                               26742015                BIOINDUSTRIA

                                                                                     SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE                                                                                          FARMACEUTICI SRL

                                                                                     INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONCINO                                                                                                          

                                                                                     POLVERE+1 FIALA SOLVENTE 3,2 ML                                                                         

   LORICIN                                                               "1 G + 500 MG POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                   26756039                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER                                                                           INDUSTRIE

                                                                                     USO INTRAMUSCOLARE"1                                                                                              FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE + 1 FIALA                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 3,2 ML                                                                                                                                                  

   UNASYN                                                              "250 MG+500 MG/1,6 ML POLVERE E                                      26360038                PFIZER ITALIA

                                                                                     SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE                                                                                          S.R.L.                       

                                                                                     INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE/ENDOVENOSO" 1                                                                                           

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE+ 1 FIALA

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 1,6     

   UNASYN                                                              " 1 G + 500 MG/3,2 ML POLVERE E                                            26360014                PFIZER ITALIA

                                                                                     SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE                                                                                          S.R.L.                       

                                                                                     INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONCINO                                                                                              

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 3,2 ML

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              CEFAMANDOLO *                                                                  J01DA07

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   CEFAM                                                                  IM 1 FLAC. 1 G+1 FIALA 3 ML                                                     24294011                MAGIS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   CEMADO                                                              IM 1 FLAC. 1 G +1 FIALA 3 ML                                                    24328027                FRANCIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOLOGICA S.R.L.   

   MANCEF                                                               1 FLAC. 1 G + 1 FIALA 3,5 ML                                                      24365037                LA.FA.RE. S.R.L.     

   MANDOKEF                                                       "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              24286015                ELI LILLY ITALIA

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                          S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE DA 1 G + 1                                                                                                             

                                                                                     FIALA SOLVENTE DA 4 ML                                                                                                                

   MANDOLSAN                                                    IM IV 1 FLAC. 1 G + 1 FIALA 3 ML                                              24391029                SAN CARLO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   SEPTOMANDOLO                                           IM 1 FLAC. 1000 MG+1 FIALA 4 ML                                          26134039                INTERNATIONAL

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PHARMACEUTICAL

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S ASSOCIATED

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                        

  

PRINCIPIO ATTIVO                 CEFEPIME                                                                                J01DA24

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   CEPIM                                                                    "1000MG/3ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                  28896025                POLIFARMA SPA     

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                                                  

                                                                                     FLACONE POLVERE+1 FIALA                                                                                                                         

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 3 ML                                                                                                                                 

   CEPIMEX                                                              "1000 MG/3ML POLVERE+SOLVENTE" 1                               28900025                UPSA S.R.L.            

                                                                                      FLACONE POLVERE+ 1 FIALA                                                                                                                       

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 3 ML                                                                                                                                                      

   CEPIMEX                                                              "500MG/1,5ML POLVERE+SOLVENTE                                    28900013                UPSA S.R.L.            

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                                                  

                                                                                     FLACONE POLVERE+ 1 FIALA                                                                                                                        

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 1,5 ML                                                                                                                        

 

   MAXIPIME                                                           "1000MG/3ML POLVERE+SOLVENTE                                     28899021                BRISTOL MYERS

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                SQUIBB S.R.L.         

                                                                                     FLACONE POLVERE+1 FIALA                                                                                                                         

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 3 ML                                                                                                                                                 

   MAXIPIME                                                           "500MG/1,5ML POLVERE+SOLVENTE                                    28899019                BRISTOL MYERS

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                SQUIBB S.R.L.         

                                                                                     FLACONE POLVERE+1 FIALA                                                                                                                         

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 1,5 ML                                                                                                                                             

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              CEFMETAZOLO *                                                                    J01DA40

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   METAFAR                                                            IM 1 FLAC. 0,5 G + 1 FIALA 2 ML                                                27909050                LA.FA.RE. S.R.L.     

   METAFAR                                                            IM 1 FLAC. 1 G + 1 FIAL 4 ML                                                       27909062                LA.FA.RE. S.R.L.     

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              CEFODIZIMA                                                                           J01DA25

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   DIEZIME                                                               "1 G/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                  27940030                RECORDATI

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           INDUSTRIA

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE + 1                                                                         CHIMICA

                                                                                     FIALA SOLVENTE DA 4 ML                                                                                             FARMACEUTICA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                        

   MODIVID                                                              "1 G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                  27951045                AVENTIS PHARMA

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE + 1                                                                                                           

                                                                                     FIALA SOLVENTE DA 4 ML                                                                                                                  

   TIMECEF                                                               "1 G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                  27939038                GRUPPO LEPETIT

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           SPA                          

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE + 1                                                                                                           

                                                                                     FIALA SOLVENTE DA 4 ML                                                                                                                  

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO                CEFONICID *                                                                              J01DA17

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ABIOCEF                                                              "500" 1 FLAC.NO POLVERE SOLUZ                                          33044013                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     INIETT 500 MG IM + FIALA SOLV                                                                                  BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANO GIOVANNI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             LORENZINI SPA     

   ABIOCEF                                                              "1000" 1 FLAC.NO POLVERE SOLUZ                                        33044025                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     INIETT 1000 MG IM + FIALA SOLV                                                                               BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANO GIOVANNI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            LORENZINI SPA     

   AURICID                                                               "1000 MG IM" 1 FLAC.NO POLV LIOF 1 G                              32987012                DAY FARMA S.A.S. 

                                                                                     + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 2,5 ML PER                                                                                                                  

                                                                                     SOLUZ INIETT USO IM                                                                                                                                          

   BACID                                                                    1 FLAC 1 G POLV IM+1 F SOLV. 2,5 ML                                   32002014                FARMA UNO S.R.L.  

                                                                                     1%                                                                                                                                                                                   

   BIOCIL                                                                   1 FLAC 1000 MG + 1 FL SOLV 2,5 ML                                       32140016                I.BIR.N -ISTITUTO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOTERAPICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAZIONALE S.R.L.  

 

   BIOTICIC                                                               "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              33766027                P.S. PHARMA S.R.L.

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                             

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONCINO DI                                                                                                    

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE                                                                                                 

   CEFOBACTER                                                    POLV. STERILE P.I. 1 FLAC 1000 MG                                       33092014                A.G.I.P.S.

                                                                                     IM+F SOLV 2,5 ML                                                                                                                 FARMACEUTICI SRL

   CEFODIE                                                              "0,5 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                          25418132                SINTOFARM

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONCINO + 1                                                                 S.P.A.                       

                                                                                      FIALA SOLVENTE DA 2 ML                                                                                                                              

   CEFODIE                                                              "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              25418144                SINTOFARM

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONCINO + 1                                                                 S.P.A.                       

                                                                                      FIALA SOLVENTE DA 2,5 ML                                                                                                                          

   CEFOGER                                                             1 FLAC 1000 MG + 1 F. SOLV. 2,5 ML IM                                  32785014                DE SALUTE S.R.L.  

   CEFOK                                                                   "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              34515015                K.B.R. KROTON

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           BIOLOGIC

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE", 1 FLACONCINO  +                                                                  RESEARCHES

                                                                                     1 FIALA  2,5 ML                                                                                                                      S.R.L.                       

   CEFONICID                                                         "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              34655011                PLIVA PHARMA

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONCINO + 1                                                                                                   

                                                                                      FIALA SOLVENTE 2,5 ML                                                                                                                       

   CEFONICID                                                         1 FLAC.NO 1000MGPOLV SOLUZ                                             31817024                GNR SPA                 

                                                                                     INIETT IM+ 1F SOLV2,5ML                                                                                                                                  

   CEFONICID                                                         "500 MG POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                     34805022                MERCK GENERICS

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           ITALIA S.P.A.          

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONCINO + 1                                                                                                  

                                                                                      FIALA 2 ML                                                                                                                                                        

   CEFONICID                                                         "1000 MG/2,5 ML POLVERE E                                                      33347016                COPERNICO S.R.L. 

                                                                                     SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE                                                                                                                            

                                                                                     INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE"1 FLACONCINO                                                                                       

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 2,5 ML

   CEFONICID                                                         "1000 MG/2,5 ML POLVERE E                                                      33733027                RATIOPHARM GMBH

                                                                                     SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE                                                                                                                            

                                                                                     INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONCINO                                                                                         

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVE 2,5 ML       

   CEFONICID                                                         "1000 MG IM" 1 FLAC.NO POLV 1G +                                       33031028                PANTAFARM SRL   

                                                                                     FIALA SOLV 2,5 ML PER SOLUZ INIETT                                                                                                     

                                                                                      USO IM                                                                                                                                                                        

   CEFONICID                                                         "1000 MG IM" 1 FLAC.NO POLV 1                                              33270012                FARMACEUTICI T.S.

                                                                                     G+FIALA SOLVENTE 2,5 ML SOLUZ                                                                            S.R.L.                      

                                                                                     INIETT USO IM                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

   CEFONICID                                                         "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              34805010                MERCK GENERICS

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           ITALIA S.P.A.          

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONCINO +1                                                                                                    

                                                                                     FIALA 2,5 ML                                                                                                                                                     

   CEFONICID                                                         "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              33051018                TEVA PHARMA

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           ITALIA S.R.L.           

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONCINO + 1                                                                                                  

                                                                                      FIALA 2,5 ML                                                                                                                                                      

   CEFONICID                                                         "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              33576024                EG S.P.A.                 

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                             

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONCINO + 1                                                                                                  

                                                                                       FIALA SOLVENTE 2,5 ML                                                                                                    

   CEFONICID                                                         "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              35012020                DOC GENERICI SRL

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                             

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE"  1 FLACONCINO +                                                                                                     

                                                                                     1 FIALA 2,5 ML                                                                                                                                      

   CEFONICID                                                         "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              35047012                UNION HEALTH

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO IM"                                                                   S.R.L.                       

                                                                                      1 FLACONE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 2,5                                                                                                         

                                                                                     ML                                                                                                                                                                       

 

   CEFONICID                                                         " 1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                             33668029                DOROM S.R.L.          

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                             

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONCINO + 1                                                                                                  

                                                                                      FIALA  2,5 ML                                                                                                                                 

   CEFONICID                                                         "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              35235023                ABC

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1 FLAC                                                                             FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     POLV + 1 FIALA SOLV  I.M.                                                                                              S.P.A.                        

   CEFONICID SODICO                                       "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              33434046                K24

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           PHARMACEUTICAL

                                                                                     I.M." 1 FLACONE + 1 FIALA                                                                                              S S.R.L.                    

   CEFOPLUS                                                          FLAC.NO POLV. INIETT. 1 G+ FL SOLV                                   32161010                AESCULAPIUS

                                                                                     2,5 ML IM                                                                                                                                   FARMACEUTICI SRL

   CEFOPLUS                                                          "500 MG POLVERE PER SOLUZIONE                                      32161022                AESCULAPIUS

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" FLACONCINO + FIALA                                                                       FARMACEUTICI SRL

                                                                                     SOLVENTE DA 2 ML                                                                                                                                              

 

 

 

   CHEFIR                                                                  "1000 MG /2,5 ML POLVERE E                                                     31832025                D.R. DRUG

                                                                                     SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE                                                                                          RESEARCH S.R.L.  

                                                                                     INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                                  

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE  2,5                                                                               

                                                                                     ML                   

   CHEFIR                                                                  "500 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                   31832013                D.R. DRUG

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER                                                                           RESEARCH S.R.L.  

                                                                                     USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                        

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 2 ML                                                                                                         

   CLASTIDIN                                                          "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              33494028                LA FARMOCHIMICA

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           ITALIANA S.R.L.      

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE", 1 FLACONCINO +                                                                                                     

                                                                                     1 FIALA  SOLVENTE 2,5  ML                                                                                                                        

   DAYCEF                                                               "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              34456018                SARDA

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           PHARMACEUTICA

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE", 1 FLACONCINO +                                                                   S.R.L.                       

                                                                                     1 FIALA 2,5 ML                                                                                                                                                         

   DELSACID                                                           "1 G/2,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                        32768044                SELVI

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER                                                                           LABORATORIO

                                                                                     USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1                                                                                             BIOTERAPICO

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE + 1 FIALA                                                                            S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 2,5 ML + SIRINGA STERILE                                                                                                      

   DIESPOR                                                              "1000 IM" FLAC.NO POLV SOLUZ                                              31971029                BIOMEDICA

                                                                                     1000MG+1F SOLV 2,5ML                                                                                                   FOSCAMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   EMIDOXIN                                                           FLAC.NO POLV. INIETT. 1 G + FL SOLV                                  32162012                MAGIS

                                                                                     2,5 ML I.M.                                                                                                                                 FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   EPICEF                                                                  1 FLAC I.M. 1 G+ FIALA SOLV                                                     33318015                F.D. FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             S.R.L.                      

   FONICEF                                                               "1000" IM 1 FLAC 1000 MG + 1 F 2,5 ML                                   32807024                ERREKAPPA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            EUROTERAPICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   FONICID                                                               "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              29412020                LA.FA.RE. S.R.L.     

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                             

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONCINO                                                                                                          

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 2,5 ML                                                                             

   FONICID                                                               FLAC POLV 500 MG+ FIALA SOLV 2 ML                               29412018                LA.FA.RE. S.R.L.     

                                                                                     IM                                                                                                                                                                                    

   FONISAL                                                              "1000 MG IM" 1 FLAC.NO POLV LIOF 1 G                              33229016                SALUS

                                                                                     + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 2,5 ML PER                                                                                RESEARCHES

                                                                                     SOLUZ INIETT USO IM                                                                                                        S.P.A.                       

   FRAMECEF                                                          1 FLACONE 1000 MG + 1 FIALA SOLV                                    32924019                LEVOFARMA S.R.L. 

                                                                                     2,5 ML                                                                                                                                                                           

 

   IPACID                                                                  "1 G/2,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                        31970015                INTERNATIONAL

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER                                                                           PHARMACEUTICAL

                                                                                     USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE                                                                      S ASSOCIATED

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE                                                                                   S.R.L.                       

   KRUCEF                                                                "1000 MG IM" 1 FLAC.NO POLV 1 G +                                      32925012                KRUGHER PHARMA

                                                                                     FIALA SOLV 2,5 ML PER SOLUZ INIETT                                                                    S.R.L.                       

                                                                                      USO IM                                                                                                                                                                        

   LAMPOCEF                                                         "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              33417015                LAMPUGNANI

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONCINO + 1                                                                 SPA                          

                                                                                      FIALA SOLVENTE 2,5 ML                                                                                                                                  

 

 

   LISA                                                                        "500 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                   31831011                LABORATORIO

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER                                                                           ITALIANO

                                                                                     USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1                                                                                             BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE + 1 FIALA                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 2 ML                                                                                                                    LISAPHARMA S.P.A.

   LISA                                                                        "1000 MG/2,5 ML POLVERE E                                                      31831023                LABORATORIO

                                                                                     SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE                                                                                          ITALIANO

                                                                                     INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                      BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONCINO                                                                        FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE  2,5                                                                           LISAPHARMA S.P.A.

                                                                                     ML                                                                                                                                                                                  

   MAXID                                                                   1 FLAC POLV IM 1000 MG + FIALA SOLV                             33084017                SO.SE.PHARM

                                                                                      2,5 ML                                                                                                                                        S.R.L. SOCIETA' DI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SERVIZIO PER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            L'INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA ED

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             AFFINI                     

   MICROCID                                                           "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              34782019                LABORATORI

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           PRODOTTI

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONCINO                                                                        FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1  FIALA SOLVENTE 2,5                                                                           BONISCONTRO E

                                                                                     ML                                                                                                                                                GAZZONE S.R.L.      

   MODICEF                                                             1 FLACONE POLV SOLUZ INIETT                                             33268032                IPSO PHARMA

                                                                                     500MG IM+ FIALA SOLVENTE                                                                                       S.R.L.                       

   MODICEF                                                             1 FLACONE POLV SOLUZ                                                             33268020                IPSO PHARMA

                                                                                     INIETT1000MG IM+ FIALA SOLVENTE                                                                      S.R.L.                       

   MODIEM                                                               "1 G/2,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                        31826023                VECCHI & C PIAM

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                S.A.P.A.                   

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE + 1 FIALA                                                                                                              

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 2,5 ML                                                                                                                                      

   MONOBIOS                                                         "1000" I.M. 1 FL. 1000 MG + 1 FIALA                                          31812023                LABORATORIO

                                                                                     SOLVENTE                                                                                                                               FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C.T. S.R.L.               

   MONOBIOTIC                                                     "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              32894014                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           ECOBI SAS              

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONCINO                                                                                                          

   MONOCID                                                            IM FLACONE 1 G + FIALA SOLVENTE                                    25422142                SHIRE ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   MONOCID                                                            IM FLACONE 500 MG + FIALA                                                    25422130                SHIRE ITALIA

                                                                                     SOLVENTE                                                                                                                               S.P.A.                       

   NECID                                                                    "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              33188018                NEW RESEARCH

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           S.R.L.                       

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                                  

                                                                                     POLVERE 1 G + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE                                                                                                  

                                                                                     2,5 ML                             

   NOKID                                                                   "1000 MG IM" 1 FLAC.NO POLV 1 G +                                      33021027                BENEDETTI S.P.A. 

                                                                                     FIALA SOLV 2,5 ML PER SOLUZ INIETT                                                                                                      

                                                                                      USO IM                                                                                                                                                                        

   PARECID                                                              "1000" IM 1 FLAC 1000 MG + 1 F 2,5 ML                                   32806022                PROGE FARM S.R.L.

   PRATICEF                                                            "1 G  POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                             25806011                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                          CABER S.P.A.         

                                                                                     FLACONCINO + 1 FIALA 2,5 ML                                                                                                                      

 

   RAIKOCEF                                                           "1 G/2,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                        33196015                MEDIOLANUM

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER                                                                           FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1                                                                                             S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE  + 1 FIALA                                                                                                             

                                                                                     SOLVENTE  2,5 ML                                                                                                                           

   ROCID                                                                    "1 G" 1 FLACONE POLVERE                                                         33366016                MAX FARMA SRL     

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE USO IM + 1                                                                                                         

                                                                                     FIALA SOLVENTE 2,5 ML                                                                                                                                   

   SILVERCEF                                                          "1000 MG IM" 1 FLAC.NO POLV LIOF 1 G                              32980017                FARMA UNO S.R.L.  

                                                                                     + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 2,5 ML PER                                                                                                                  

                                                                                     SOLUZ INIETT USO IM                                                                                                                                          

   SINTOCEF                                                            "1G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                               28893028                PULITZER

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           ITALIANA S.R.L.      

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONCINO 1G                                                                                                  

                                                                                      +1 FIALA 2,5ML                                                                                                                                                      

  

SOFARCID                                                              "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              33017029                SOFAR S.P.A.          

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILEPER USO                                                                                                              

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONCINO + 1                                                                                                  

                                                                                      FIALA 2,5 ML                                                                                                                                  

   UNICID                                                                  "1000 MG POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                  29042052                PROSPA ITALIA

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           S.R.L.                       

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                                  

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 2,5 ML                                                                                         

   VALECID                                                              "1000MG/2,5ML POLVERE+SOLVENTE                                 33419021                DEPO-FARMA S.R.L.

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE USO                                                                                                             

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONCINO DI                                                                                                    

                                                                                     POLVERE+FIALA SOLVENTE 2,5 ML    

 

CEFONICID

" 500 MG IM" 1 FLAC.NO POLV 1G + FIALA

SOLV 2 ML PER SOLUZ INIETT USO IM

033031016

PANTAFARM Srl

                                                                                                   

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              CEFOPERAZONE                                                                    J01DA32

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   BIOPERAZONE                                                 IM 1 FLAC. 1 G + 1 FIALA 5 ML                                                   25957022                BIOPHARMA S.R.L. 

   CEFONEG                                                            IM 1 FLAC. 1000 MG + 1 FIALA 4 ML                                        26083028                TOSI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.A.S.                       

   DARDUM                                                             IM 1 FLAC. 1 G + 1 FIALA 3 ML                                                   26039014                LABORATORIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            LISAPHARMA S.P.A.

   FARECEF                                                              1 FLAC.  G 1 + 1 FIALA 3 ML                                                         25803026                LA.FA.RE. S.R.L.     

   IPAZONE                                                              IM 1 FLAC. POLV 1000 MG + 1 FIALA 4                                  25632023                INTERNATIONAL

                                                                                     ML                                                                                                                                                PHARMACEUTICAL

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S ASSOCIATED

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                        

   NOVOBIOCYL                                                   IM 1 FLAC. 1 G + 1 FIALA 4 ML                                                   25551058                FRANCIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOLOGICA S.R.L.   

   TOMABEF                                                            IM 1 FLAC. 1 G + 1 FIALA 3 ML                                                   25330022                SALUS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RESEARCHES

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              CEFOTAXIMA *                                                                       J01DA10

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   AXIMAD                                                               "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              35228028                PULITZER

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" I.M. 1 FLAC                                                                     ITALIANA S.R.L.      

                                                                                     1 G + 1 FIALA SOLV                                                                                                                                               

   BATIXIM                                                               "1G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                   35207024                SO.SE.PHARM

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           S.R.L. SOCIETA' DI

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE"1 FLACONE                                                                                 SERVIZIO PER

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                       L'INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA ED AFFINI

 

   CEFOMIT                                                              "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              35074020                MAGIS

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE O ENDOVENOSO" 1                                                                 S.P.A.                       

                                                                                      FLACONE 1 G + FIALA SOLVENTE 4                                                                                                           

                                                                                     ML CON LIDOCAINA                                                                                                                           

   CEFOTAXIMA CT                                              "1 G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                  35374040                LABORATORIO

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE + 1                                                                         C.T. S.R.L.               

                                                                                     FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                                                                       

   CEFOTAXIMA JET GENERICI                     "1 G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                  35394028                JET GENERICI

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           S.R.L.                        

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE + 1                                                                                                           

                                                                                     FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                                                            

   CEFOTAXIME                                                     "1000 MG/4 ML  POLVERE E SOLVENTE                               34992040                MAYNE PHARMA

                                                                                      PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER                                                                          (ITALIA) S.R.L.         

                                                                                     USO INTRAMUSCOLARE"1  FLACONE                                                                                                        

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                                   

  

CEFOTAXIME                                                        "500 MG POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                     34994020                MERCK GENERICS

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           ITALIA S.P.A.          

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE O ENDOVENOSO"                                                                                                       

                                                                                     FLACONE + FIALA SOLVENTE DA 2 ML                                                                                             

   CEFOTAXIME                                                     " 1 G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                 35375029                ABC

                                                                                      SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                          FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE " 1 FLACONE + 1                                                                        S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                                                                       

  

CEFOTAXIME                                                        "250 MG POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                     34994018                MERCK GENERICS

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           ITALIA S.P.A.          

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE O ENDOVENOSO"                                                                                                       

                                                                                     FLACONE + FIALA SOLVENTE DA 2 ML                                                                                             

 

 

   CEFOTAXIME                                                     "500 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                   34992026                MAYNE PHARMA

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"1                                                                                 (ITALIA) S.R.L.         

                                                                                     FLACONE POLVERE + 1 FIALA                                                                                                                       

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 2 ML                                                                                                                                                

   CEFOTAXIME                                                     "1000 MG/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                34999045                ACS DOBFAR S.P.A.

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER                                                                                                             

                                                                                     USO INTRAMUSCOLARE"1 FLACONE                                                                                                         

                                                                                     POLVERE +1 FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                       

   CEFOTAXIME                                                     "1000 MG/4 ML  POLVERE E SOLVENTE                               34992038                MAYNE PHARMA

                                                                                      PER SOLUZIONE  INIETTABILE"1                                                                               (ITALIA) S.R.L.         

                                                                                     FLACONE POLVERE + 1 FIALA                                                                                                                       

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                                                                                

   CEFOTAXIME                                                     "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              34994044                MERCK GENERICS

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           ITALIA S.P.A.          

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" FLACONE + FIALA                                                                                                   

                                                                                     SOLVENTE DA 4 ML                                                                                                                                       

   CEFOTAXIME                                                     " 500 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                  35375017                ABC

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER                                                                           FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE+                                                                   S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     1 FIALA SOLVENTE 2 ML                                                                                                                                   

   CEFOTAXIME                                                     " 1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                             35288048                VECCHI & C PIAM

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILEPER USO                                                                            S.A.P.A.                   

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE " 1 FLACONE 1 G +                                                                                                      

                                                                                     1 FIALA 4  ML CON LIDOCAINA                                                                                                         

   CEFOTAXIME                                                     "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              34994032                MERCK GENERICS

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           ITALIA S.P.A.          

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE O ENDOVENOSO"                                                                                                       

                                                                                     FLACONE + FIALA SOLVENTE DA 4 ML                                                                                             

   CEFOTAXIME IBI                                              "1 G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                  35118013                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE"1 FLACONE 1 G +1                                                                   ITALIANO GIOVANNI

                                                                                     FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                                      LORENZINI SPA     

 

   CEFOTAXIME IBI                                              "1 G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                  35118025                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1 FLACONE                                                                   BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                     1 G +1 FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                       ITALIANO GIOVANNI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             LORENZINI SPA     

   CEFOTAXIME MAX FARMA                        " 1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                             35286032                MAX FARMA SRL     

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE IM EV" 1                                                                                                               

                                                                                     FLACONE 1 G + 1 FIALA 4 ML                                                                                                                          

   CEFOTAXIME MAX FARMA                        " 1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                             35286044                MAX FARMA SRL     

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                             

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE 1 G +                                                                                                       

                                                                                     1 FIALA 4 ML CON LIDOCAINA                                                                                                 

   CEFOTAXIME PRC                                           " 1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                             35287034                P.R.C. SRL               

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE IM EV " 1                                                                                                              

                                                                                     FLACONE 1 G + 1 FIALA 4  ML                                                                                                                         

   CEFOTAXIME PRC                                           " 1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                             35287046                P.R.C. SRL               

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                             

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE " 1 FLACONE1 G +                                                                                                       

                                                                                     1 FIALA 4 ML CON LIDOCAINA                                                                                          

   CENTIAX                                                              " 1 G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                 35276043                ERREKAPPA

                                                                                      SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE " FLACONE                                                                     EUROTERAPICI

                                                                                     + FIALA IM                                                                                                                               S.P.A.                       

 

   CLAFORAN                                                         "1 G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                  24260046                GRUPPO LEPETIT

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           SPA                          

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                                  

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE DA 4                                                                                            

                                                                                     ML                          

   CLAFORAN                                                         "500 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                   24260022                GRUPPO LEPETIT

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                SPA                          

                                                                                     FLACONE POLVERE + 1 FIALA                                                                                                                       

                                                                                     SOLVENTE DA 2 ML                                                                                                                                 

   CLAFORAN                                                         "250 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                   24260010                GRUPPO LEPETIT

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                SPA                          

                                                                                     FLACONE POLVERE + 1 FIALA                                                                                                                       

                                                                                     SOLVENTE                                                                                                                                                    

   CLAFORAN                                                         "1 G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                  24260034                GRUPPO LEPETIT

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1 FLACONE                                                                   SPA                          

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE DA 4                                                                                                         

                                                                                     ML                                                                                                                                                                     

   REFOTAX                                                             "POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                                      34962035                FARMA UNO S.R.L.  

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE  IM EV"                                                                                                                 

                                                                                     FLACONE 1 G + FIALA SOLVENTE                                                                                                                

   REFOTAX                                                             "POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                                      34962023                FARMA UNO S.R.L.  

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE  IM EV"                                                                                                                 

                                                                                     FLACONE 500 MG + FIALA SOLVENTE                                                                                                       

   REFOTAX                                                             "POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                                      34962050                FARMA UNO S.R.L.  

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                             

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" FLACONE 1G +                                                                                                           

                                                                                     FIALA SOLVENTE CON LIDOCAINA                                                                                       

   SALOCEF                                                             " 1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                             35285042                NEW RESEARCH

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE  PER USO                                                                          S.R.L.                       

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE  1 G +                                                                                                      

                                                                                     1 FIALA 4 ML CON LIDOCAINA                                                                                                           

   SPECTROCEF                                                     "1G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                               35192020                EPIFARMA S.R.L     

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"  USO I.M.                                                                                                            

   TAFOCEX                                                             " 1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                             35289040                FINMEDICAL S.R.L. 

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                             

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE 1 G +                                                                                                       

                                                                                     1 FIALA 4 ML CON LIDOCAINA                                                                                                 

   ZARIVIZ                                                                 "500 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                   24259020                AVENTIS PHARMA

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     FLACONE POLVERE + 1 FIALA                                                                                                                       

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 2 ML                                                                                                                                         

   ZARIVIZ                                                                 "250 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                   24259018                AVENTIS PHARMA

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     FLACONE POLVERE + 1 FIALA                                                                                                                       

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 2 ML                                                                                                                                         

                                                                                                

   ZARIVIZ                                                                 "1 G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                  24259044                AVENTIS PHARMA

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                                  

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                            

   ZARIVIZ                                                                 "1 G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                  24259032                AVENTIS PHARMA

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1 FLACONE                                                                   S.P.A.                        

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                                         

   ZIMANEL                                                             "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              34426015                PROGE FARM S.R.L.

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                             

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE +                                                                                                               

                                                                                     FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML    

 

CEFOTAXIMA

" 1G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE IM " FLACONE + FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML

 

035483015

SANDOZ SpA

 

CEFOTAXIMA

" 1G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE IM/EV " FLACONE + FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML

 

035483027

SANDOZ SpA

 

LIRGOSIN

"1 G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE"  1 FLACONE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML

 

035311012

FIDIA FARMACEUTICI SpA

 

CEFOTAXIMA EG

" 1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE " IM

 

035441017

EG SpA

 

CEFOTAXIMA PAN

"1 G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

 INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML

 

035306012

PANTAFARM Srl

 

CEFOTAXIMA PL

"1 G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML

035342017

PLIVA PHARMA SpA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              CEFOTETAN *                                                                          J01DA14

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   APATEF                                                                "1 G/2 ML  POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                 256312025             ASTRAZENECA

                                                                                      SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" PER USO                                                                        S.P.A.                       

                                                                                      INTRAMUSCOLARE 1 FLACONCINO

                                                                                      POLVERE                                                                                                                                                                  

PRINCIPIO ATTIVO                 CEFOXITINA *                                                                         J01DA05

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   CEFOCICLIN                                                       "1 G  POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                             25507017                FRANCIA FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                      SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" PER USO                                                                        INDUSTRIA FARMACO

                                                                                      INTRAMUSCOLARE 1 FLACONCINO                                                                        BIOLOGICA S.R.L.

                                                                                      + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 2 ML                                                                                                                              

   MEFOXIN                                                             "1 G/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                  224027017             LABORATORIES MERCK

                                                                                      SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" PER USO                                                                        SHARP & DOHME CHIBRET

                                                                                      INTRAMUSCOLARE 1 FLACONCINO                                                                       

                                                                                      + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE                                                                                                         

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              CEFTAZIDIMA *                                                                      J01DA11

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   CEFTIM                                                                  "1 G/3 ML  POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                 25491034                GLAXO ALLEN

                                                                                      SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1 FLACONE                                                                  S.P.A.                       

                                                                                      POLVERE+1 FIALA SOLVENTE 3 ML                                                                                                          

   GLAZIDIM                                                           "500MG/1,5ML POLVERE+ SOLVENTE                                   25212022                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER                                                                           S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                        

                                                                                     POLVERE 500 MG+FIALA SOLVENTE                                                                                           

                                                                                     1,5 ML                      

   GLAZIDIM                                                           "1G/3ML POLVERE+ SOLVENTE PER                                     25212034                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                                  

                                                                                     POLVERE 1 G+FIALA SOLVENTE 3 ML                                                                                         

   GLAZIDIM                                                           "250MG/1ML POLVERE+ SOLVENTE                                      25212010                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER                                                                           S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                        

                                                                                     POLVERE+FIALA SOLVENTE 1 ML                                                                                                 

 

   PANZID                                                                 "1G/3ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                    25211032                VALDA

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1 FLACONE                                                                   LAB.FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     POLVERE+ 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 3 ML                                                                         S.P.A.                      

   SPECTRUM                                                          "1G/3ML POLVERE+ SOLVENTE PER                                     25222035                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE USO                                                                                     INDUSTRIE

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE                                                                                FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                     POLVERE+1 FIALA SOLVENTE 3 ML                                                                         RIUNITE SPA          

   SPECTRUM                                                          "250MG/1ML POLVERE+SOLVENTE                                       25222011                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE USO                                                                           INDUSTRIE

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE                                                                                FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                     POLVERE+1 FIALA SOLVENTE 1 ML                                                                         RIUNITE SPA          

   SPECTRUM                                                          "500MG/1,5ML POLVERE+SOLVENTE                                    25222023                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE  INIETTABILE USO                                                                          INDUSTRIE

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE                                                                                FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                     POLVERE+ 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 1,5 ML                                                                     RIUNITE SPA           

   STARCEF                                                              "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              25859036                F.I.R.M.A. SPA         

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                     

                                                                                     DA 1 G + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 3 ML                                                                                                                

   STARCEF                                                              "500 MG POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                     25859024                F.I.R.M.A. SPA         

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                     

                                                                                     DA 500 MG + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 1,5                                                                                                           

                                                                                     ML                                                                                                                                                        

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              CEFTEZOLO                                                                             J01DA36

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ALOMEN                                                              1 FLAC. 1 G IM +1 FIALA 3 ML                                                    25336025                BENEDETTI S.P.A. 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              CEFTIZOXIMA                                                                         J01DA22

  FARMACO                                      CONFEZIONE                                                      AIC               DITTA

   EPOSERIN                                                           "1 G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                  25198033                PHARMACIA ITALIA

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                                  

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                          

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              CEFTRIAXONE *                                                                        J01DA13

  FARMACO                                      CONFEZIONE                                                      AIC               DITTA

   ROCEFIN                                                              "1 G/3,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                        25202058                ROCHE S.P.A.         

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER                                                                                                             

                                                                                     USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1                                                                                                                               

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE + 1 FIALA                                                                                      

                                                                                     SOLVENTE DA 3,5 ML                   

   ROCEFIN                                                              "250 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                   25202019                ROCHE S.P.A.         

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER                                                                                                             

                                                                                     USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1                                                                                                                               

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE + 1 FIALA                                                                                      

                                                                                     SOLVENTE DA 2 ML                    

   ROCEFIN                                                              "500 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                   25202033                ROCHE S.P.A.         

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER                                                                                                             

                                                                                     USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1                                                                                                                               

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE + 1 FIALA                                                                                      

                                                                                     SOLVENTE DA 2 ML   

 

CEFOTAXIMA PL

"1 G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE

PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE

+ 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML

 

035342017

PLIVA PHARMA SpA

CEFTRIAXONE

"1 G/3,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE

PER SOLUZIONE

 INIETTABILE  PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" FLACONE

 + FIALA SOLVENTE DA 3,5 ML

 

035869039

EG SpA

CEFTRIAXONE

"1 G/3,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" FLACONE

+ FIALA SOLVENTE DA 3,5 ML

 

035868037

HEXAL SpA

 

CEFTRIAXONE

"1 G/3,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

 INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE"

FLACONE

+ FIALA SOLVENTE DA 3,5 ML

 

035921028

JET GENERICI Srl

CEFTRIAXONE

"1 G/3,5  ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

 INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE POLVERE

+ 1 FIALA SOLVENTE DA 3,5 ML

 

035878038

MERCK GENERICS ITALIA SpA

CEFTRIAXONE

"500 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE POLVERE

 + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE DA 2 ML

 

035878026

MERCK GENERICS ITALIA SpA

CEFTRIAXONE

"1 G/3,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE " FLACONE POLVERE

+ FIALA SOLVENTE DA 3,5 ML

 

036153029

PLIVA PHARMA SpA

CEFTRIAXONE

"1 G/3,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

 INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE

+ 1 FIALA SOLVENTE DA 3,5 ML

 

035802038

RATIOPHARM ITALIA Srl

CEFTRIAXONE

"500 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE

+ 1 FIALA SOLVENTE DA 2 ML

 

035802026

RATIOPHARM ITALIA Srl

CEFTRIAXONE

" 1000 MG/ 3,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE PER USO INTAMUSCOLARE " 1 FLACONE POLVERE

+ 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 3,5 ML

 

035939038

TEVA PHARMA ITALIA Srl

CEFTRIAXONE

"250 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE PER USO INTAMUSCOLARE" FLACONE POLVERE

+ 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 2 ML

 

035939014

TEVA PHARMA ITALIA Srl

CEFTRIAXONE

"500 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE PER USO INTAMUSCOLARE" FLACONE POLVERE

+ FIALA SOLVENTE 2 ML

 

035939026

TEVA PHARMA ITALIA Srl

CEFTRIAXONE

"500 MG POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" FLACONE

+ FIALA SOLVENTE DA 2 ML

 

035868025

HEXAL SpA

CEFTRIAXONE

"500 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE " 1 FLACONE

+ 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 2 ML

 

035902028

SANDOZ SpA

CEFTRIAXONE

"1 G/3,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

 INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE " 1 FLACONE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 3.5 ML

 

035902030

SANDOZ SpA

CEFTRIAXONE

"1 G/3,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

 INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE POLVERE

 + 1 FIALA DA 3,5 ML

 

035669035

ACS DOBFAR SpA

CEFTRIAXONE

"500 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

 INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE POLVERE

+ 1 FIALA DA 2 ML

 

035669023

ACS DOBFAR SpA

CEFTRIAXONE

"1 G/ 3,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" FLACONE

+ FIALA SOLVENTE 3,5 ML

036144018

VECCHI & PIAM Sapa

CEFTRIAXONE

"1 G/3,5ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE  PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE

+ 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 3,5 ML

 

035801036

I.B.N. SAVIO Srl

DAVIXON

"500 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE  PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE POLVERE

+ 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 2 ML

 

035816014

NEW RESEARCH Srl

DAVIXON

"1 G/3,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE  PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE

+ 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 3,5 ML

 

035816040

NEW RESEARCH Srl

DAYTRIX

"1 G /3,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

 INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" FLACONE

+ FIALA SOLVENTE 3,5 ML

 

036093033

LABOTATORIO FARMACEUTICO C.T. Srl

DEIXIM

"1 G/3,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE " FLACONE

+ FIALA SOLVENTE DA 3,5 ML

 

035917020

BENEDETTI SpA

DEIXIM

"500 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

 INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE " FLACONE

 + FIALA SOLVENTE DA 2 ML

 

035917018

BENEDETTI SpA

FIDATO

"1 G/3,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" FLACONE

+ FIALA SOLVENTE DA 3,5 ML

 

035867035

FIDIA FARMACEUTICI SpA

FIDATO

" 500 MG POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" FLACONE

 + FIALA SOLVENTE DA 2 ML

 

035867023

FIDIA FARMACEUTICI SpA

RAGEX

"1 MG/3,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE " FLACONE

 + FIALA SOLVENTE DA 3,5 ML

 

035927033

AGIPS FARMACEUTICI Srl

RAGEX

"500 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER  SOLUZIONE

 INIETTABILE PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE " FLACONE

 + FIALA SOLVENTE DA 2 ML

 

035927021

AGIPS FARMACEUTICI Srl

SIRTAP

"1 G/3,5 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

INIETTABILE  PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE

+ 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 3,5 ML

 

035815024

C.G.M.FARMACEUTICI Srl

SIRTAP

"500 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE

 INIETTABILE  PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE

+ 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 2 ML

 

035815012

C.G.M.FARMACEUTICI Srl

                

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              CEFUROXIMA *                                                                         J01DA06

  FARMACO                                      CONFEZIONE                                                      AIC               DITTA

   BIOCICLIN                                                           1 FLAC. IM 1 G + 1 FIALA 4 ML                                                   24276026                FRANCIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOLOGICA S.R.L.   

   CEFOPRIM                                                           IM 1 FLAC. 1 G+1 FIALA 4 ML                                                     24354045                ESSETI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   CEFUREX                                                             IM IV 1 FLAC. 1000 MG + 1 FIALA 4 ML                                  24301032                SALUS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RESEARCHES

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   CEFURIN                                                              "1 G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                  24330045                MAGIS

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                     FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                      INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE + 1                                                                        S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                                                                       

   CUROXIM                                                             "500 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                   23576022                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                     PER SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE PER                                                                      S.P.A.                       

                                                                                      USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                       

                                                                                     500 MG + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 2 ML                                                                                                 

   CUROXIM                                                             "1 G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                  23576046                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                     S.P.A.                       

                                                                                      INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE 1 G +                                                                                                      

                                                                                     1 FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                                                     

 

 

   CUROXIM                                                             "250 MG/ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                      23576010                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                     PER SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE PER                                                                      S.P.A.                       

                                                                                      USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                       

                                                                                     250 MG + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 1 ML                                                                                                 

   DELTACEF                                                          "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              24847030                PULITZER

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1 FLACONE                                                                   ITALIANA S.R.L.      

                                                                                     + 1 FIALA                                                                                                                                                                    

   DUXIMA                                                               IM1  FLAC. 1 G + 1 FIALA 4 ML                                                   24344020                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ECOBI SAS              

   IPACEF                                                                  IM IV 1 FLAC. 1 G + 1 FIALA 4 ML                                              24588030                INTERNATIONAL

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PHARMACEUTICAL

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S ASSOCIATED

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   ITOREX                                                                  IM 1 FLAC. 1000 MG + 1 FIALA 4 ML                                        24105013                PHARMA ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L. LABORATORI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             FARMACEUTICI      

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

   KEFOX                                                                   IM 1 FLAC. 1 G + 1 FIALA 4 ML                                                   24312047                LABORATORIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C.T. S.R.L.               

   KESINT                                                                  IM 1 FLAC. 1 G + 1 FIALA 4 ML                                                   24136044                COPERNICO S.R.L. 

   LAFUREX                                                             1 FLAC. 1 G + 1 FIALA 4 ML                                                          24311045                LA.FA.RE. S.R.L.     

   SUPERO                                                                "1000 MG/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                24339020                LIFEPHARMA S.P.A.

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER                                                                                                             

                                                                                     USO INTRAMUSCOLARE"1 FLACONE +                                                                                                     

                                                                                     1 FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                                                

   ZINOCEP                                                              "1 G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                  33896046                GLAXO ALLEN

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                     S.P.A.                       

                                                                                      INTRAMUSCOLARE", 1 FLACONE 1 G +                                                                                                     

                                                                                      1  FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                                                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              GENTAMICINA *                                                                     J01GB03

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   GENTALYN                                                        "80 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE                                                             20891014                SCHERING PLOUGH

                                                                                     INIETTABILE"1 FIALA 2 ML                                                                                             SPA                         

   GENTALYN                                                        "10 MG/1 ML SOLUZIONE                                                             20891026                SCHERING PLOUGH

                                                                                     INIETTABILE"5 FIALE 1 ML                                                                                              SPA                         

   GENTALYN                                                        "120 MG/1,5 ML SOLUZIONE                                                       20891089                SCHERING PLOUGH

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" 1 FIALA 1,5 ML                                                                                         SPA                         

   GENTAMEN                                                        "80 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE                                24727048                FOURNIER PHARMA

                                                                                     PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE"1 FIALA                                                                      S.P.A.                      

   GENTOMIL                                                          "160 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE                                                           29314046                BIOLOGICI ITALIA

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" 1 FIALA                                                                                                       LABORATORIES

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   GENTOMIL                                                          "40 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"                              29314022                BIOLOGICI ITALIA

                                                                                     1 FIALA                                                                                                                                      LABORATORIES

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   GENTOMIL                                                          "80 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"                              29314034                BIOLOGICI ITALIA

                                                                                     1 FIALA                                                                                                                                      LABORATORIES

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              MEZLOCILLINA                                                                      J01CA10

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   BAYPEN                                                               "1 G SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER                                        24316010                BAYER AG               

                                                                                     USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE +                                                                                                   

                                                                                      1 FIALA 4 ML                                                                                                                                                           

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              NETILMICINA                                                                         J01GB07

  FARMACO                                      CONFEZIONE                                                      AIC               DITTA

   NETTACIN                                                           "50 MG/ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                              24809028                SCHERING PLOUGH

                                                                                     FIALA 1 ML                                                                                                                               SPA                         

   NETTACIN                                                           "300 MG/1,5 ML SOLUZIONE                                                       24809067                SCHERING PLOUGH

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" 1 FIALA 1,5 ML                                                                                         SPA                         

   NETTACIN                                                           " 200 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE                                                          24809055                SCHERING PLOUGH

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" 1 FIALA 2 ML                                                                                            SPA                         

   NETTACIN                                                           "100 MG/ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"                               24809030                SCHERING PLOUGH

                                                                                     1 FIALA 1 ML                                                                                                                           SPA                         

   NETTACIN                                                           "150 MG/1,5 ML SOLUZIONE                                                       24809042                SCHERING PLOUGH

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" 1 FIALA 1,5 ML                                                                                         SPA                         

   ZETAMICIN                                                         "50 MG/ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                              24829020                A.MENARINI

                                                                                     FIALA 1 ML                                                                                                                              INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE S.R.L.        

   ZETAMICIN                                                         "100 MG/ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"                               24829032                A.MENARINI

                                                                                     1 FIALA 1 ML                                                                                                                          INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE S.R.L.        

   ZETAMICIN                                                         "150 MG/1,5 ML SOLUZIONE                                                       24829044                A.MENARINI

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" 1 FIALA 1,5 ML                                                                                        INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE S.R.L.        

 

ZETAMICIN                                                            "200 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE                                                           24829057                A.MENARINI

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" 1 FIALA 2 ML                                                                                           INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE S.R.L.        

   ZETAMICIN                                                         "300 MG/3 ML SOLUZIONE                                                           24829069                A.MENARINI

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" 1 FIALA 3 ML                                                                                           INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE S.R.L.        

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              PIPERACILLINA *                                                                   J01CA12

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   AVOCIN                                                                1 FLAC. 1 G IM IV + 1 FIALA 2 ML                                              24469013                WYETH LEDERLE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   AVOCIN                                                                1 FLAC. 2 G IM IV + 1 FIALA 4 ML                                              24469025                WYETH LEDERLE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   CILPIER                                                                "1G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                               34389015                PIERREL

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"                                                                                              FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE 1G + FIALA                                                                         S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 2 ML                                                                                                                                                      

   CILPIER                                                                "2G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                               34389027                PIERREL

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"                                                                                              FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE 2G + FIALA                                                                         S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                                                                                      

   DIPERIL                                                                "2 G POLVERER E SOLVENTE PER                                           33461029                NUTRIFAR S.R.L.    

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"                                                                                                                                

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE DA 2 G +                                                                                                                 

                                                                                     FIALA SOLVENTE DA 4 ML                                                                                                         

  

ECOSETTE                                                              "2 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              34613024                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           ECOBI SAS              

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONCINO + 1                                                                                                  

                                                                                      FIALA SOLVENTE DA 4 ML                                                                                                                         

   FARECILLIN                                                       "2G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                               32897023                LA.FA.RE. S.R.L.     

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                                                            

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE 2 G + FIALA                                                                                                          

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                                                              

   PERACIL                                                              1 FLAC. 1 G + 1 FIALA 2 ML IM IV                                              28595015                LABORATORI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PRODOTTI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BONISCONTRO E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GAZZONE S.R.L.      

 

 

   PERACIL                                                              1 FLAC. 2 G + 1 FIALA 4 ML IM IV                                              28595027                LABORATORI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PRODOTTI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BONISCONTRO E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GAZZONE S.R.L.      

   PERASINT                                                            "2G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                               33351026                ACS DOBFAR S.P.A.

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                                                            

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE 2 G + FIALA                                                                                                          

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                                                                   

 

   PICILLIN                                                              IM IV 1 FLAC. 2 G + 1 FIALA 4 ML                                              25671049                LABORATORIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C.T. S.R.L.               

   PIPERACILLINA                                              "2 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              34391021                DOC GENERICI SRL

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                     

                                                                                     2 G + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                                                        

   PIPERACILLINA                                              "2 G/4 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                  33324029                GNR SPA                  

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                     

                                                                                     + 1 FIALA                                                                                                                                                                    

   PIPERACILLINA                                              "2 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              28867012                JET GENERICI

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"1                                                                                           S.R.L.                       

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE  + 1 FIALA                                                                                                             

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                                                                           

   PIPERACILLINA                                              "2 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              33056019                TEVA PHARMA

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                          ITALIA S.R.L.           

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE 2 G + 1 FIALA                                                                                                      

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                                                                                 

   PIPERACILLINA                                              "2 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              32982023                PLIVA PHARMA

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                          S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE 2 G + 1 FIALA                                                                                                      

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                                                                           

   PIPERACILLINA                                              "2 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              29221025                DOROM S.R.L.          

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                                                            

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE 2 G + 1 FIALA                                                                                                      

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                                                             

   PIPERACILLINA                                              "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              29221013                DOROM S.R.L.          

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                                                            

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE 1 G + 1 FIALA                                                                                                      

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 2 ML                                                                                                                             

   PIPERACILLINA                                              "2 G/4 ML  POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                 33690025                EG S.P.A.                 

                                                                                      SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                                                           

                                                                                     FLACONCINO + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 4                                                                                                       

                                                                                     ML                                                                                                                                                     

   PIPERACILLINA SODICA                            "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              33423017                K24

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           PHARMACEUTICAL

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE + 1                                                                         S S.R.L.                    

                                                                                     FIALA                                                                                                                                                                           

   PIPERACILLINA SODICA                            "2 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              33423029                K24

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                           PHARMACEUTICAL

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE + 1                                                                         S S.R.L.                    

                                                                                     FIALA                                                                                                                                                                           

   PIPERITAL                                                          IM IV 1 FLAC. 1 G + 1 FIALA 2 ML                                              28735013                ISTITUTO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANO GIOVANNI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             LORENZINI SPA     

   PIPERITAL                                                          IM IV 1 FLAC. 2 G + 1 FIALA 4 ML                                              28735025                ISTITUTO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANO GIOVANNI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             LORENZINI SPA     

   PIPERSAL                                                            "2 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              32935025                FARMA UNO S.R.L.  

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                                                            

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE 2 G + FIALA                                                                                                          

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                                                                 

   PIPERSAL                                                            "1 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                              32935013                FARMA UNO S.R.L.  

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                                                            

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE 1 G+ 1 FIALA                                                                                                       

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 2 ML                                                                                                                                 

   PIPERTEX                                                            "2G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                               33958024                PHARMATEX

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"                                                                                              ITALIA S.R.L.           

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE 2 G + FIALA                                                                                                          

                                                                                     SOLVENTE                                                                                                                                                              

   REPARCILLIN                                                   "2G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                               33747027                NEW RESEARCH

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                          S.R.L.                       

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE 2 G + FIALA                                                                                                          

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 4 ML                                                                                                                                           

   SEMIPENIL                                                         1 FLAC.NO POLV 1 G + 1 FIALA SOLV 2                                32799013                MAGIS

                                                                                     ML IM                                                                                                                                          FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   SEMIPENIL                                                         1 FLAC.NO POLV 2 G + 1 FIALA SOLV 4                                32799025                MAGIS

                                                                                     ML IM                                                                                                                                          FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   SINTOPLUS                                                         1 FLACONCINO POLVERE 1 G + 1                                            32954012                PH&T S.P.A.            

                                                                                     FIALA SOLV. 2 ML IM                                                                                                                                           

   SINTOPLUS                                                         1 FLACONCINO POLVERE 2 G + 1                                            32954024                PH&T S.P.A.            

                                                                                     FIALA SOLV. 4 ML IM                                                                                                                                           

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              PIPERACILLINA/TAZOBACTAM                                          J01CR05

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   TAZOCIN                                                              "2 G/0,250 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                       28249023                WYETH LEDERLE

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                                                                                S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     FLACONE + 1 FLACONE                                                                                                                                     

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              TICARCILLINA/ACIDO CLAVULANICO                             J01CR03

 

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   CLAVUCAR                                                         1200 MG/2 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                  27594011                GEYMONAT SPA     

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                                                                                                    

                                                                                     FLAC.NO + 1 FIALA                                                                                                                                               

   TIMENTIN                                                            "1,2 G POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                          27118013                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE USO                                                                                     S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1 FLACONE +                                                                                                               

                                                                                     FIALA SOLVENTE DA 2 ML                                                                                                                 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              TOBRAMICINA *                                                                     J01GB01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   NEBICINA                                                            "40 MG/ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"                                  23189032                TEOFARMA S.R.L.   

                                                                                     FLACONE DA 1 ML                                                                                                                                                

   NEBICINA                                                            "20 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"                              23189044                TEOFARMA S.R.L.   

                                                                                     FLACONE DA 2 ML                                                                                                                                                

   NEBICINA                                                            "100 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE                                                           23189018                TEOFARMA S.R.L.   

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" FLACONE DA 2 ML                                                                                                                 

   NEBICINA                                                            "150 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE                                                           23189057                TEOFARMA S.R.L.   

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" FLACONE DA 2 ML                                                                                                                 

   TOBRAMICINA IBI                                           1 FIALA 100 MG                                                                                 33973013                ISTITUTO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANO GIOVANNI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             LORENZINI SPA     

   TOBRAMICINA IBI                                           1 FIALA 150 MG                                                                                 33973025                ISTITUTO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANO GIOVANNI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             LORENZINI SPA 

   

BRAMICIL

"100 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE

STERILE INIETTABILE" 1 FIALA

 

035132012

FISIOPHARMA Srl

BRAMICIL

"150 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE

STERILE INIETTABILE" 1 FIALA

035132024

FISIOPHARMA Srl

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Nota 56

Antibiotici per continuità ospedale-territorio

 

-  aztreonam

-  ertapenem

-  imipinem+ cilastatina

-  meropenem

-  rifabutina

-  teicoplanina

 

 

La prescrizione a carico del SSN è limitata al trattamento iniziato in ambito ospedaliero ed al successivo utilizzo in ambito territoriale da parte del Medico di Medicina Generale per garantire la continuità terapeutica.

 

La prescrivibilità esclusiva in ambito ospedaliero è finalizzata al mantenimento dell’efficacia ed alla contemporanea prevenzione dell’insorgenza di resistenza batterica ai principi attivi. La scelta di iniziare un trattamento ospedaliero con tali farmaci dovrebbe essere riservata alle infezioni gravi e in assenza di alternative terapeutiche. Ciò non impedisce, tuttavia, dopo la diagnosi e l’inizio del trattamento, il mantenimento della continuità assistenziale ospedale-territorio a carico del SSN, ove fosse necessario proseguire la terapia a domicilio.

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

La nota riguarda antimicrobici di impiego selettivo in determinate affezioni critiche. In particolare: 1) farmaci a spettro antibatterico limitato (teicoplanina, rifabutina); 2) farmaci efficaci verso i soli gram-negativi “difficili”, simili, nei riguardi di questi, alle cefalosporine di III e IV generazione (aztreonam); 3) carbapenemici (ertapenem, imipenem+cilastatina, meropenem) da riservare alla terapia mirata dei casi più critici.

L’obiettivo della nota è di conservare a tali antibiotici, con una prescrizione inizialmente ospedaliera confortata da adeguate indagini microbiologiche, la loro pienezza di azione antibatterica, evitando il più possibile l'insorgenza di resistenze.

Le motivazioni da cui ha origine la nota 56 si basano pertanto non solo sulla criticità d’uso clinico degli antimicrobici in essa compresi, ma anche su rilevanti aspetti medico-sociali a tutela della salute pubblica, per il costante aumento di resistenza verso gli antimicrobici, legato ad un impiego spesso indiscriminato e non selettivo. Attualmente, il problema di assicurare un uso sempre più mirato degli antimicrobici per controllare l'insorgere delle resistenze, viene riconosciuto a livello internazionale come una vera e propria emergenza sanitaria.

La nota 56 garantisce di fatto la possibilità di proseguire, qualora necessario, a livello domiciliare ed a carico del Servizio Sanitario Nazionale, una terapia antimicrobica mirata e specifica prescritta in ambito ospedaliero, previa individuazione della patologia, assicurando in modo concreto la continuità assistenziale ospedale-territorio.

 

Bibliografia

1.        Goodman et Gilman’s. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Hardman JG et al, eds. 9th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 1996:1096-7, 1146-7, 1168, 1778, 1036-40.

2.        Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis: Walters Kluwer, 2000. Aztreonam:1275-7; carbapenem:1269-75; teicoplanin KU37, rifabutin, KU 12:1389.

3.         AHFS Drug information, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists American Hospital Formulary Service, 2000. Aztreonam:226-34; Imipenem and cilastatin sodium:247-56.

4.        Antimicrobial resistance. BMJ 1998;317:609-71.

5.        Levy SB. Multidrug resistance – a sign of the times. N Engl J Med 1998;338:1376-8.

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              AZTREONAM                                                                            J01DF01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   AZACTAM                                                            1 FLAC. 1 G IM IV + FIALA  ML 3                                                25408028                BRISTOL MYERS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SQUIBB S.R.L.         

   PRIMBACTAM                                                   IM EV 1 FLAC.  1 G +1 FIALA 3 ML                                            25407026                A.MENARINI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE S.R.L.        

   

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              IMIPENEM/CILASTATINA                                                    J01DH51

  FARMACO                                      CONFEZIONE                                                      AIC               DITTA

   IMIPEM                                                                 "500 MG + 500 MG POLVERE E                                                   26462046                NEOPHARMED SPA

                                                                                     SOLVENTE PER SOSPENSIONE                                                                                                                      

                                                                                     INIETTABILE PER USO IM" 1 FLACONE                                                                                                      

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 2 ML                                                                                        

 

 

 

   TENACID                                                              "500 MG + 500 MG POLVERE E                                                   26639043                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                     SOLVENTE PER SOSPENSIONE                                                                                    INDUSTRIE

                                                                                     INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                      FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE"1 FLACONE                                                                                 RIUNITE SPA          

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 2 ML                                                                                                         

   TIENAM                                                                "500 MG + 500 MG POLVERE E                                                   25887047                MERCK SHARP E

                                                                                     SOLVENTE PER SOSPENSIONE                                                                                    DOHME (ITALIA)

                                                                                     INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                      S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE "1 FLACONE                                                                                                                  

                                                                                     POLVERE + 1 FIALA SOLVENTE 2 ML                                                                              

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              MEROPENEM *                                                                       J01DH02

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   MERREM                                                              500 MG POLVERE PER SOLUZIONE                                        28949081                ASTRAZENECA S.P.A.

                                                                                     INIETTABILE PER USO ENDOVENOSO                                                                    

                                                                                     10 FLACONCINI                                                                                                                    

   MERREM                                                              1000 MG POLVERE PER SOLUZIONE                                     28949093                ASTRAZENECA S.P.A.

                                                                                     INIETTABILE PER USO ENDOVENOSO                                                                    

                                                                                     10 FLACONCINI                                                                                                                    

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              RIFABUTINA                                                                            J04AB04

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   MYCOBUTIN                                                      "150 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 30                                                   28426017                PHARMACIA ITALIA

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                  S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              TEICOPLANINA                                                                       J01XA02

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   TARGOSID                                                           "200 MG/3 ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                   26458012                GRUPPO LEPETIT

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE"1                                                                                 SPA                          

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE +  1 FIALA                                                                                                             

                                                                                     SOLVENTE 3 ML                                                                                                                                         

 


Nota 57

Antiemetici (antagonisti dei recettori serotoninergici)

-  dolasetron

-  granisetron

-  ondansetron

-  tropisetron

La prescrizione a carico del SSN è limitata alla prevenzione e al trattamento di nausea e vomito (secondo le indicazioni e le limitazioni per età, previste dalle schede tecniche) secondari a:

 

-      chemioterapia emetizzante;

-      radioterapia emetizzante (total body irradiation e sull’addome, entro 24 h dall’ultima applicazione).

 

La prescrizione degli antiemetici non è rimborsata dal SSN per altre indicazioni autorizzate.

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

-Trattamento e prevenzione della nausea e del vomito indotti da chemioterapia.

Gli antagonisti dei recettori serotoninergici (5-HT3) sono indicati nel trattamento della nausea e del vomito indotti da chemioterapia. La concomitante somministrazione di desametasone ne migliora l’efficacia proteggendo fino al 90% dei pazienti della comparsa di nausea/vomito acuto (entro 24 ore dopo la chemioterapia). L’efficacia si riduce (40-60%) quando il trattamento viene effettuato in pazienti con vomito tardivo (cioè che compare da almeno 24 ore sino a 5 giorni dopo chemioterapia) che beneficia maggiormente dell’associazione di steroidi e metoclopramide (1). Nel trattamento preventivo per l’adulto non emergono differenze di efficacia tra i principi attivi e la scelta dovrebbe basarsi sul profilo di tollerabilità e il costo di ciascuno di essi.

 

- Trattamento dell’emesi da radioterapia.

Granisetron e ondansetron, si sono dimostrati efficaci nel controllare il vomito indotto dalla irradiazione sul corpo intero (“total body irradiation”, TBI) (2) e sull’addome (3-6). Tuttavia in caso di radioterapia e frazioni abituali sull’addome la somministrazione di desametasone sembra essere sufficiente (7). Inoltre, non c’è evidenza che la terapia antiemetica sia efficace dopo 24 ore dall’ultima applicazione di radioterapia.

Gli antagonisti dei recettori 5-HT3 non sono efficaci nel trattamento di nausea e vomito in pazienti con rallentamento svuotamento gastrico o dispepsia e non dovrebbero essere usati nel trattamento di pazienti con malattie gastrointestinali con nausea/vomito. L’azione rallentante il tempo di transito intestinale giustifica la comparsa di stipsi che è uno degli effetti collaterali più frequenti degli antagonisti dei recettori 5-HT3; altri effetti collaterali in ambito digestivo sono la comparsa di dolore addominale e di singhiozzo. Sono inoltre stati descritti cefalea, sensazione di calore e rossore cutaneo, alterazione degli enzimi epatici, affaticamento, oltre che rare reazioni gravi di ipersensibilità (2).

 

Bibliografia

1.        The Italian Group for Antiemetic Research. Dexamethasone alone or in combination with ondansetron for the prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 2000;342:155-9.

2.        Spitzer TR, et al. Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of oral ondansetron in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with fractionated total-body irradiation. J Clin Oncol 1994;12:2432-7.

3.        Priestman TJ. Clinical studies with ondansetron in the control of radiation-induced emesis. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1989;25 (suppl 1):S29-33.

4.        Lanciano R, et al. The efficacy and safety of once-daily Kytrilâ (Granisetron Hydrochloride) tablets in the prophilaxis of nausea and emesis following fractionated upper addominal radiotherapy. Cancer Investigation 2001;19:763-72.

5.        Jurgens H, McQuade B. Ondasentron as prophylaxis for chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced emesis in children. Oncology 1992;49:279-83.

6.        Maranzano F. Radiation-induced emesis: a problem with many open questions. Tumori 2001;87:213-8.

7.        Kirkbride P, et al. Dexamethasone for the prophylaxis of radiation-indiced emessi : A national Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Phase III Study. J Clin Oncol 2000;9:1960-6.

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              DOLASETRON                                                                          A04AA04

  FARMACO                                      CONFEZIONE                                                      AIC               DITTA

   ANZEMET                                                            3 COMPRESSE FILM RIVESTITE 200                                         33108046                AVENTIS PHARMA

                                                                                     MG                                                                                                                                                S.P.A.                        

   ANZEMET                                                            IV 1 FIALA 20 MG/ML 5 ML                                                          33108022                AVENTIS PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

 

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              GRANISETRON *                                                                     A04AA02

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   KYTRIL                                                                 "1 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                        28093021                ROCHE S.P.A.         

                                                                                     FILM" 10 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                          

   KYTRIL                                                                 "2 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                        28093084                ROCHE S.P.A.         

                                                                                     FILM" 5 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                             

   KYTRIL                                                                 "3 MG/1 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE                                  28093033                ROCHE S.P.A.         

                                                                                     PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 1                                                                                                                     

                                                                                     SIRINGA PRERIEMPITA 1 ML                                                                                                                           

   KYTRIL                                                                 "3 MG/1 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE                                  28093045                ROCHE S.P.A.          

                                                                                     PER USO INTRAMUSCOLARE" 3                                                                                                                     

                                                                                     SIRINGHE PRERIEMPITE 1 ML                                                                                                                        

   KYTRIL                                                                 "3 MG/3 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE                                  28093019                ROCHE S.P.A.         

                                                                                     PER USO ENDOVENOSO" 1 FIALA 3 ML                                                                                                     

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              ONDANSETRON                                                                      A04AA01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ZOFRAN                                                                "8 MG COMPRESSE" 6 COMPRESSE                                         27612023                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ZOFRAN                                                                "8 MG/4 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                             27612047                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                      FIALA DA 4 ML                                                                                                                     S.P.A.                       

   ZOFRAN                                                                "8 MG COMPRESSE ORODISPERSIBILI                                  27612112                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                     ZYDIS" 6 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        S.P.A.                       

   ZOFRAN                                                                "4 MG/5 ML SCIROPPO" FLACONE 50 ML                             27612086                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ZOFRAN                                                                "4 MG COMPRESSE" 6 COMPRESSE                                         27612011                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ZOFRAN                                                                "4 MG COMPRESSE ORODISPERSIBILI                                  27612098                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                     ZYDIS" 6 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        S.P.A.                       

   ZOFRAN                                                                "16 MG SUPPOSTE" 4 SUPPOSTE                                               27612074                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ZOFRAN                                                                "4 MG/2 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1                             27612035                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                      FIALA DA  2 ML                                                                                                                    S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              TROPISETRON *                                                                      A04AA03

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   NAVOBAN                                                           "5 MG/ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE                                      28456085                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                     PER USO SOTTOCUTANEO" FIALA +                                                                          S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     SIRINGA                                                                                                                                                                      

   NAVOBAN                                                           "5 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 5 CAPSULE                                    28456022                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   NAVOBAN                                                           "5 MG/1 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE                                  28456061                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                     PER USO SOTTOCUTANEO" 1 FIALA                                                                          S.P.A.                       

   NAVOBAN                                                           "5 MG/1 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE                                  28456073                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                     PER USO SOTTOCUTANEO" 3 FIALE                                                                          S.P.A.                       

   NAVOBAN                                                           "5 MG/5 ML SOLUZIONE PER                                                      28456010                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                     INFUSIONE E PER USO ORALE"1 FIALA                                                                  S.P.A.                       

   NAVOBAN                                                           "5 MG/ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE                                      28456097                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                     PER USO SOTTOCUTANEO" 3 FIALE +                                                                       S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     3 SIRINGHE                                                                                                                                                                

 

 


Nota 59

Lassativi osmotici

-  lattitolo

-  lattulosio

La prescrizione a carico del SSN è limitata alla seguente condizione patologica:

 

-      encefalopatia porto-sistemica in corso di cirrosi epatica.

 

La prescrizione dei lassativi osmotici non è rimborsata dal SSN per altre indicazioni autorizzate.

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              LATTITOLO *                                                                            A06AD12

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   PORTOLAC EPS                                                1 FLAC. GRANULATO 200 G                                                        29563018                NOVARTIS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CONSUMER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            HEALTH S.P.A.       

   PORTOLAC EPS                                                FLACONE SCIROPPO 500 ML                                                     29563044                NOVARTIS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CONSUMER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            HEALTH S.P.A.       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              LATTULOSIO *                                                                          A06AD11

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   BIOLAC EPS                                                       20 BUSTINE 10 G                                                                                28539029                AZ. CHIM. RIUN.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ANGELINI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FRANCESCO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ACRAF SPA             

   DIA COLON EPS                                               1 FLAC. SCIROPPO 200 ML                                                           29159023                VECCHI & C PIAM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.A.P.A.                   

   EPALAT EPS                                                      15 BUSTINE GRANULATO 12 G                                                 28524015                OFFICINA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FIORENTINA S.R.L. 

   EPALFEN EPS                                                   "6 G GRANULATO PER SOLUZIONE                                       24409118                ZAMBON ITALIA

                                                                                     ORALE"30 BUSTINE                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   EPALFEN EPS                                                   1 FLAC. SCIROPPO 400 ML                                                           24409144                ZAMBON ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   LAEVOLAC EPS                                               1 FLAC. SCIROPPO 180 ML                                                           22711129                ROCHE S.P.A.         

   LAEVOLAC EPS                                               20 BUSTINE 10 GR                                                                             22711117                ROCHE S.P.A.         

   LATTULAC EPS                                                SCIROPPO 180 ML                                                                            30727010                SOFAR S.P.A.          

   LATTULAC EPS                                                20 BUSTINE 10 GR                                                                             30727022                SOFAR S.P.A.          

   LATTULOSIO                                                     20 BUSTINE MONODOSE 10 G                                                    27627013                ABC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   LATTULOSIO                                                     "65% SCIROPPO"FLACONE 200 ML                                          27627037                ABC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   LIS EPS                                                                  20 BUSTINE 10 G                                                                                27337017                LABORATORIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            LISAPHARMA S.P.A.

   NORMASE EPS                                                  "66,7% SCIROPPO" 1 FLACONE DA 200                                  23535166                L. MOLTENI E C. DEI

                                                                                     ML                                                                                                                                                 F.LLI ALITTI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SOCIETA' DI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ESERCIZIO S.P.A.   

   OSMOLAC EPS                                                  "10G GRANULATO" 20 BUSTINE                                               27061023                SANOFI-SYNTHELA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BO S.P.A.                 

   OSMOLAC EPS                                                  "66,7G/100ML SCIROPPO" FLACONE                                      27061035                SANOFI-SYNTHELA

                                                                                     200ML                                                                                                                                         BO S.P.A.                 

 


Nota 65

Farmaci per la Sclerosi Multipla

-    glatiramer acetato

-    interferoni b-1a e b-1b ricombinanti

La prescrizione a carico del SSN, su diagnosi e piano terapeutico dei centri specializzati, Universitari o delle Aziende Sanitarie, individuati dalle Regioni e dalle Province autonome di Trento e Bolzano, è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

 

-      per i pazienti con Sclerosi Multipla recidivante-remittente e punteggio di invalidità da 1 a 5,5 all’EDSS di Kurtzke (Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale):

glatiramer acetato; interferone b-1a ricombinante;interferone b-1b ricombinante;

 

-      per i pazienti con Sclerosi Multipla secondariamente progressiva e punteggio di invalidità da 3 a 6,5 all’EDSS di Kurtzke e almeno 2 ricadute o 1 punto di incremento all’EDSS nei 2 anni precedenti:

interferone b-1b ricombinante.

 

L’opportunità di monitorare la prescrizione e la dispensazione (sempre riservata ai centri autorizzati), attraverso schede ad hoc opportunamente adattate per forma clinica di sclerosi multipla e per tipo di farmaco, sarà valutata a livello delle singole Regioni.

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              GLATIRAMER                                                                          L03AX13

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   COPAXONE                                                        28 FLACONI DI POLVERE DA 20 MG +                                   35418019                TEVA

                                                                                     28 FIALE DI SOLVENTE                                                                                                     PHARMACEUTICAL

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S LIMITED                

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              INTERFERONE BETA 1A                                                       L03AB07

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   AVONEX                                                               "30 MCG (6 MILIONI UI) POLVERE E                                       33283021                BIOGEN FRANCE

                                                                                     SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE                                                                                          S.A.                          

                                                                                     INIETTABILE" 4 FLACONI CON                                                                                                                       

                                                                                     DISPOSITIVO BIOSET + 4 SIRINGHE                                                                                                 

                                                                                     PRERIEMPITE USO

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE    

   AVONEX                                                               30 MCG/0,5 ML (6 MILIONI UI)                                                    33283033                BIOGEN FRANCE

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 4 SIRINGHE                                                                     S.A.                          

                                                                                     PRERIEMPITE IN VETRO 0,5 ML + 4                                                                                                               

                                                                                     AGHI PER INIEZIONE USO                                                                                                                   

                                                                                     INTRAMUSCOLARE                  

   REBIF                                                                     44 MCG (12 MUI)/0,5 ML SOLUZIONE                                     34091064                SERONO EUROPE

                                                                                     INIETTABILE 12 SIRINGHE                                                                                              LIMITED                   

                                                                                     PRERIEMPITE DA 1 ML  USO                                                                                                                            

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO                                                                                                                                           

   REBIF                                                                     22 MCG (6 MUI)/0,5 ML SOLUZIONE                                        34091037                SERONO EUROPE

                                                                                     INIETTABILE 12 SIRINGHE                                                                                              LIMITED                    

                                                                                     PRERIEMPITE DA 1 ML USO                                                                                                                             

                                                                                     SOTTOCUTANEO                                                                                                                                           

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              INTERFERONE BETA 1B                                                       L03AB08

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   BETAFERON                                                       0,25 MG/ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                       32166023                SCHERING A.G.       

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 15                                                                                                                 

                                                                                     FLACONCINI VETRO + 15 SIRINGHE                                                                                                            

                                                                                     VETRO USO SC                                                                                                                                  

   BETAFERON                                                       15 FLACONCINI 0,25 MG + 15                                                      32166011                SCHERING A.G.       

                                                                                     FLACONCINI 2 ML                                                                                                                                                 

 


Nota 66

FANS non selettivi:

-    aceclofenac

-    acetametacina

-    acido mefenamico

-    acido tiaprofenico

-    amtolmetina

-    cinnoxicam

-    dexibuprofene

-    diclofenac

-    diclofenac + misoprostolo

-    fentiazac

-    flurbiprofene

-    furprofene

-    ibuprofene

-    indometacina

-    ketoprofene

-    lornoxicam

-    meloxicam

-    nabumetone

-    naprossene

-    nimesulide

-    oxaprozina

-    piroxicam

-    proglumetacina

-    sulindac

-    tenoxicam

 

COXIB:

-    celecoxib

-    etoricoxib

-    valdecoxib

La prescrizione dei fans non selettivi a carico del SSN è limitata alle seguenti condizioni patologiche:

 

-      artropatie su base connettivitica;

-      osteoartrosi in fase algica o infiammatoria;

-      dolore neoplastico;

-      attacco acuto di gotta.

 

 

 

La prescrizione dei COXIB (fans inibitori selettivi della ciclo-ossigenasi 2) a carico del SSN è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

 

-     trattamento dei sintomi algici e infiammatori in pazienti affetti da osteoartrosi o artrite reumatoide ad alto rischio per complicanze gravi del tratto gastrointestinale superiore (emorragie, perforazioni, ostruzione pilorica) ove trattati cronicamente con FANS non selettivi (vedi anche nota 1).

 

 

 

L’associazione dei COXIB con gli inibitori di pompa o con misoprostolo non è rimborsato dal SSN (vedi anche nota 1).

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

FANS

In dosi singole, i FANS hanno attività analgesica paragonabile a quella del paracetamolo. In dosi adeguate e per somministrazioni ripetute hanno effetto analgesico protratto e attività antinfiammatoria, proprietà che li rendono particolarmente efficaci per il dolore continuo associato a flogosi.

I FANS sono gravati da una incidenza di effetti gastrointestinali sfavorevoli (ulcera peptica e sue complicanze; emorragie). Il rischio di ospedalizzazione per una complicanza grave e potenzialmente fatale è stimato fra l’1 e il 2% per anno (1). Questa incidenza aumenta nei soggetti a rischio, come specificato nella nota 1. Per questo motivo uno dei FANS in nota associa come gastroprotettore il misoprostolo e, pertanto, va riservato ai pazienti a rischio. I FANS possono inoltre ridurre l’efficacia degli antipertensivi e dei diuretici, e, in soggetti predisposti e in associazione con altri farmaci nefrolesivi, determinare o aggravare insufficienza renale.

 

COXIB (1)

Due sono gli studi clinici fondamentali che hanno esaminato comparativamente efficacia e tollerabilità dei due COXIB oggi disponibili: lo studio CLASS (2), che ha comparato il celecoxib con ibuprofen e diclofenac, e lo studio VIGOR (3), che ha comparato rofecoxib con naprossene. Ambedue i COXIB, secondo il parere dei ricercatori, hanno dimostrato una efficacia analoga e una minore tossicità gastrointestinale rispetto ai FANS non selettivi prescelti. Purtroppo entrambi gli studi presentano problemi di interpretazione che mettono in discussione questa conclusione. Lo studio CLASS è stato criticato per il modo con il quale è stato condotto ed ha analizzato i dati. Non solo, ma l’obiettivo dello studio, che era quello di dimostrare per il celecoxib una minore gastrolesività rispetto ai FANS tradizionali, è di fatto fallito, essendo l’incidenza di ulcere complicate (l’end-point principale dello studio) analoga per i due trattamenti. Nello studio VIGOR, invece, pur dimostrando il rofecoxib una minore incidenza di effetti indesiderati gastro duodenali (l’end-point primario combinato era costituito dalla incidenza complessiva di ulcere complicate e ulcere sintomatiche) rispetto al naprossene, si riscontrava un inaspettato ma significativo aumento di eventi trombotici cardiovascolari gravi nei pazienti trattati con rofecoxib. I risultati degli studi CLASS e VIGOR hanno stimolato l’esecuzione di numerosi altri studi volti a chiarire il rapporto beneficio/rischio dei COXIB. In particolare su due aspetti fondamentali: la reale minore gastrolesività e la possibile maggiore tossicità cardiovascolare rispetto ai FANS tradizionali.

La selettività per la COX-2, infatti, potrebbe essere un’arma a doppio taglio. Potrebbe da un lato garantire una riduzione del rischio di tossicità gastrointestinale, ma di converso essere anche responsabile di un incremento della frequenza di fenomeni tromboembolici e/o della mortalità totale, vista la più alta prevalenza degli eventi cardiovascolari rispetto a quelli gastrointestinali gravi (4).

Per quanto attiene la dimostrazione di una minore gastrolesività da parte dei COX-2 inibitori selettivi, vanno considerati due studi recenti.

Il primo (5) è una revisione sistematica di 9 studi clinici (durata > 12 settimane) che hanno paragonato il celecoxib con i FANS non selettivi. I pazienti trattati con celecoxib hanno mostrato una minore incidenza di interruzioni del trattamento dovute a sintomi gastrointestinali rispetto a quelli trattati con FANS tradizionali (6,2% vs 23%), ma tale vantaggio non veniva confermato se si consideravano tutte le cause di interruzione del trattamento. Ancora, i pazienti trattati con celecoxib presentavano una minore incidenza di ulcere gastro-duodenali rilevate routinariamente all’endoscopia eseguita alla fine delle 12 settimane di trattamento. Detta incidenza risultava essere del 6,2% dei pazienti trattati con celecoxib, del 12,0% nei pazienti trattati con celecoxib + aspirina, del 25,0% nei pazienti trattati con FANS tradizionali e del 26,0% nei pazienti trattati con FANS tradizionali più aspirina. L’incidenza delle gravi complicanze (emorragia, perforazione, ostruzione) era, invece, analoga tra i pazienti trattati con celecoxib (2,7%) e quelli che utilizzavano ibuprofen o diclofenac (5,0%) dimostrando così come la scelta dell’end-point terapeutico sia fondamentale per valutare correttamente comparativamente questi farmaci.

Il secondo (6) è uno studio osservazionale sulle emorragie gastrointestinali occorse in oltre 40.000 pazienti anziani trattati con FANS non selettivi o selettivi e 100.000 controlli. Rispetto ai controlli non utilizzatori di FANS, lo studio dimostra un aumentato rischio di emorragie gastrintestinali nei pazienti trattati con FANS non selettivi (RR 4,0), diclofenac + misoprostolo (RR 3,0) e rofecoxib (RR 1,9) ma non con celecoxib (RR 1,0).

I risultati di questi due studi sembrano confermare il dato che i COX-2 inibitori selettivi presentano una minore gastrolesività rispetto ai FANS tradizionali, ma anche che tale migliore tollerabilità è dimostrata solo quando si considerano end-point combinati (ulcere endoscopiche e sintomatiche). Mancano dati certi su una minore incidenza di ulcere complicate (emorragia, perforazione, ostruzione), il parametro di valutazione più rilevante. Inoltre, non è chiaro se questa migliore tollerabilità possa essere mantenuta nei pazienti in trattamento con ASA, evenienza necessaria e frequente nella fascia di pazienti ai quali viene prescritto un FANS. Quello che è certo è che la selettività per la COX-2 non è una garanzia di una minore gastrolesività. In uno studio recente su pazienti che avevano presentato un sanguinamento gastrico da FANS la ricorrenza di un episodio emorragico si è verificata nel 4,9% di pazienti trattati con celecoxib e nel 6,4% di quelli trattati con diclofenac + omeprazolo, una differenza statisticamente non significativa (7).

Per quanto attiene al possibile rischio di un incremento di eventi trombotici vascolari nei pazienti in trattamento con COXIB, in particolare con il rofecoxib, i dati disponibili sono ancora incompleti e controversi (8-11).

L’incremento degli eventi avversi cardiovascolari riscontrati nello studio VIGOR può essere casuale o attribuibile ad un effetto cardio-protettivo del naprossene o ad un effetto protrombotico vero e proprio del rofecoxib. Quest’ultimo meccanismo potrebbe risultare plausibile, in quanto i COX-2 inibitori selettivi agiscono inibendo la sintesi delle prostacicline nella parete vascolare ma non quella del trombossano a livello piastrinico, causando così uno slittamento della bilancia emostatica verso uno stato protrombotico.

Va infine tenuto presente come i COXIB possano incrementare la pressione arteriosa sistemica e quindi aumentare nel lungo termine il rischio cardiovascolare.

Non vi sono differenze sostanziali nel profilo di sicurezza tra FANS non selettivi e COX-2 inibitori selettivi in merito alla potenziale nefrotossicità e agli altri eventi avversi.

A fronte di queste ancora numerose incertezze, il profilo della sicurezza a lungo termine dei COX-2 inibitori selettivi appare ancora poco chiaro. Risulta prudente perciò riservarne l’impiego al trattamento di pazienti che sono ad “alto rischio” per effetti avversi gravi gastrointestinali e che non sono a rischio cardiovascolare elevato. Questo in attesa che studi di grandi dimensioni randomizzati di confronto tra i vari farmaci, aventi come end-point terapeutici significativi l’incidenza delle ulcere complicate e degli eventi trombotici gravi cardiovascolari possano chiarire il reale rapporto rischio/beneficio di questi farmaci, che rimane a tutt’oggi ancora incerto (12).

Il 30 settembre 2004 la Merck Sharp & Dohme ha ritirato dal commercio in tutto il mondo il rofecoxib. Tale decisione è stata assunta a seguito dell’interruzione prematura di uno studio clinico randomizzato sull’efficacia da parte del rofecoxib nella prevenzione delle popilposi benigne del colon (studio APPROVe). Lo studio è stato interrotto a seguito del riscontro, nei pazienti trattati con rofecoxib, di un aumento dell’incidenza (per un fattore di 3,9) di gravi effetti indesiderati di natura tromboembolica (ictus e IMA) rispetto ai pazienti trattati con placebo.

Alla luce di quanto sopra esposto appare chiaro come i dubbi avanzati sul profilo di sicurezza cardiovascolare del rofecoxib (e degli altri COXIB) appaiano tuttaltro che infondati e richiedano un riesame complessivo del rapporto beneficio/rischio di tutti i COXIB.

Rimane ancora aperta la questione se il rischio di complicanze cardiovascolari sia un effetto di classe correlato al meccanismo d’azione di questa categoria di farmaci. 

 

 

 

Bibliografia

1.         Lanza FL. A guideline for the treatment and prevention of NSAID-induced ulcers. Am J Gastroenterology 1998;93:2037-46.

2.        Silverstein FE, et al. Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib vs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis : the CLASS study : a randomized controlled trial. Celecoxib Longterm Arthritis Safety Study. JAMA 2000;284:1247-1255.

3.        Bombardier C, et al. Comparison of upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. VIGOR Study Group. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1520-1528.

4.        Wright JM. The double-edged sword of COX-2 selective NSAIDs CMAJ 2002;167:1131-1137.

5.        Deeks JJ, et al. Efficacy, tolerability, and upper gastrointestinal safety of celecoxib for treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis : systematic review of randomized controlled trials. BMJ 2002;325:619-623.

6.        Mamdani M, et al. Observational study of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in elderly patients given selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors or conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. BMJ 2002;325:624-629.

7.        Chan FKL, et al. Celecoxib versus diclofenac and omeprazole in reducing the risk of recurrent ulcer bleeding in patients with arthritis. N Egl J Med 2002;347:2104-2110.

8.        Ray WA et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of serious coronary heart disease : an observational cohort study. Lancet 2002;350:118-23.

9.        Solomon DH, Glynn RJ, Levin R, Avorn J. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and acute myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:1099-104.

10.     Watson DJ et al. Lower risk of thrombboembolic cardiovascular events with naproxen among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:1105-10.

11.     Rahme E, et al. Association between naproxen use and protection against acute myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:1111-5.

12.     Del Favero A. What is safe prescribing and use of selective COX-2 inhibitors? Comparison with non-selective NSAIDs. In Side Effects of Drugs-Annual 26-Chapter 9. JJ Aronson ed. Elsevier Science B.V.

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              ACECLOFENAC *                                                                    M01AB16

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   AIRTAL                                                                 "100 MG COMPRESSE" 40 COMPRESSE                                  32773020                ALMIRALL S.P.A.     

   AIRTAL                                                                 "100 MG POLVERE PER SOSPENSIONE                                 32773032                ALMIRALL S.P.A.     

                                                                                      ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                                                                                            

   GLADIO                                                                "100 MGCOMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 40                                        31220015                ABIOGEN PHARMA

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   GLADIO                                                                "100 MG POLVERE PER SOSPENSIONE                                 31220027                ABIOGEN PHARMA

                                                                                      ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                                                          S.P.A.     

 

KAFENAC

"100 MG COMPRESSE" 40 COMPRESSE

 

031842014

ALMIRALL SpA

KAFENAC

"100 MG POLVERE PER SOSPENSIONE

 ORALE" 30 BUSTINE

031842026

ALMIRALL SpA

 

 

 

 

 

                 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              ACEMETACINA *                                                                       M01AB11

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ACEMIX                                                                30 CAPSULE 60 MG                                                                          26357020                BIOPROGRESS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   SOLART                                                                "60 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 30 CAPSULE                               26226047                PFIZER ITALIA

                                                                                      RIGIDE                                                                                                                                      S.R.L.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              ACIDO MEFENAMICO                                                          M01AG01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   LYSALGO                                                            "250 MG CAPSULE MOLLI"30 CAPSULE                               21015021                LABORATORIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SIT SPECIALITA'

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            IGIENICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            TERAPEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              ACIDO TIAPROFENICO *                                                        M01AE11

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   SURGAMYL                                                        "300 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  25195025                SCHARPER S.P.A.  

   SURGAMYL                                                        "300 MG GRANULATO PER SOLUZIONE                              25195052                SCHARPER S.P.A.  

                                                                                     ORALE"30 BUSTINE                                                                                                                                              

   TIAPROFEN                                                        30 BUSTINE 300 MG                                                                         28613026                BIOPROGRESS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   TIAPROFEN                                                        30 COMPRESSE 300 MG                                                                 28613014                BIOPROGRESS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              AMTOLMETINA GUACILE *                                                 M01AX 

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ARTROMED                                                        "600 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          27834035                MEDOSAN RICERCA

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                           SRL                         

   ARTROMED                                                        "600 MG COMPRESSE"30 COMPRESSE                                   27834062                MEDOSAN RICERCA SRL

   EUFANS                                                                "600 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE"                                             27810023                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                     BLISTER 30 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE                                                                           INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   EUFANS                                                                "600 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          27810035                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                          INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              CELECOXIB *                                                                           M01AH01  

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ARTILOG                                                              200 MG 20 CAPSULE RIGIDE IN                                                34622466                PHARMACIA ITALIA

                                                                                     BLISTER ALLUMINIO/PVC                                                                                              S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     TRASPARENTE/ACLAR                                                                                                                                       

   CELEBREX                                                          200 MG 20 CAPSULE RIGIDE IN                                                34624460                PHARMACIA ITALIA

                                                                                     BLISTER ALLUMINIO/PVC                                                                                              S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     TRASPARENTE/ACLAR                                                                                                                                       

   SOLEXA                                                                200 MG 20 CAPSULE RIGIDE IN                                                34625602                PFIZER ITALIA

                                                                                     BLISTER ALLUMINIO/PVC                                                                                              S.R.L.                       

                                                                                     OPACO/ACLAR                                                                                                                                                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              CINNOXICAM *                                                                       M01AC49

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   SINARTROL                                                        "30 MG COMPRESSE"20 COMPRESSE                                     26396046                SOCIETA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PRODOTTI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ANTIBIOTICI SPA   

   ZELIS                                                                      20 COMPRESSE 30 MG                                                                    27383076                PROSPA ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                  

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              DEXIBUPROFENE                                                                  M01AE14

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

 

SERACTIL

30 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM

 IN BLISTER PVC/PVDC/AL DA 300 MG

034765091

GEBRO PHARMA GmbH

 

 

 

 

 

PRINCIPIO ATTIVO                 DICLOFENAC *                                                                       M01AB05

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   DEALGIC                                                             "75 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                  28943013                PHARMACIA ITALIA

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO"20 CAPSULE                                                                                          S.P.A.                       

   DEALGIC                                                             "100 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                28943025                PHARMACIA ITALIA

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO"20 CAPSULE                                                                                          S.P.A.                       

 

   DEFLAMAT                                                         "100 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 20                                                   28534028                SANKYO PHARMA

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                  ITALIA S.P.A.          

DEFLAMAT                                                            "75 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 20 CAPSULE                               28534016                SANKYO PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIA S.P.A.          

   DICLOFAN                                                          "100MG COMPRESSE A RILASCIO                                            32243014                LABORATORI

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 20 COMPRESSE                                                                                   PRODOTTI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BONISCONTRO E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GAZZONE S.R.L.      

   DICLOFENAC                                                    "75 MG COMPRESSE A RILASCIO                                             33727013                DOC GENERICI SRL

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                     

   DICLOFENAC                                                    30 COMPRESSE GASTRORESISTENTI                                     32786028                HEXAL S.P.A.          

                                                                                     50 MG                                                                                                                                                                            

   DICLOFENAC                                                    "50 MG COMPRESSE                                                                        29457013                RATIOPHARM GMBH

                                                                                     GASTRORESISTENTI" 30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                         

                                                                                      GASTRORESTENTI                                                                                                                                                

   DICLOFENAC                                                    "50 MG COMPRESSE                                                                        29456011                EG S.P.A.                 

                                                                                     GASTRORESISTENTI" 30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        

                                                                                      GASTRORESISTENTI                                                                                                                                            

   DICLOFENAC                                                    "100 MG COMPRESSE A RILASCIO                                           29456050                EG S.P.A.                  

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 21 COMPRESSE A                                                                                                                

                                                                                     RILASCIO PROLUNGATO                                                                                                                                  

   DICLOFENAC                                                    "100 MG COMPRESSE A RILASCIO                                           33727025                DOC GENERICI SRL

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 21 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                     

   DICLOFENAC                                                    "100 MG COMPRESSE A RILASCIO                                           33062023                MERCK GENERICS

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 20 COMPRESSE                                                                                   ITALIA S.P.A.          

   DICLOREUM                                                      "RETARD" 20 COMPRESSE 100 MG                                           24515088                ALFA WASSERMANN S.P.A

   DICLOREUM                                                      30 COMPRESSE 50 MG                                                                    24515049                ALFA WASSERMANN S.P.A

   DICLOREUM                                                      "150 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                24515114                ALFA WASSERMANN S.P.A.

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 20 CAPSULE                                                                                          

   FENADOL                                                            "100 MG COMPRESSE A RILASCIO                                           32141018                PROGE FARM S.R.L.

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                     

   FENDER                                                                "100MG COMPRESSE A RILASCIO                                            33803014                KRUGHER PHARMA

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 20 COMPRESSE                                                                                   S.R.L.                        

   FLOGOFENAC                                                   "RETARD" 21 CAPSULE 100 MG                                                 25536020                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ECOBI SAS               

   FORGENAC                                                         "RETARD" 20 COMPRESSE 100 MG                                           23828078                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FORMENTI S.P.A.    

   LISIFLEN                                                              "100MG COMPRESSE A RILASCIO                                            33212010                DE SALUTE S.R.L.  

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 20 COMPRESSE A                                                                                                                

                                                                                     RILASCIO PROLUNGATO                                                                                                                                  

   VOLTAREN                                                         "75MG COMPRESSE A RILASCIO                                              23181074                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 30 COMPRESSE                                                                                   S.P.A.                        

   VOLTAREN                                                         "100MG COMPRESSE A RILASCIO                                            23181035                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 21 COMPRESSE                                                                                   S.P.A.                       

   VOLTAREN                                                         "50MG COMPRESSE                                                                         23181011                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                     GASTRORESISTENTI" 30 COMPRESSE                                                                       S.P.A.                       

   VOLTFAST                                                           "50 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 30                                         28945020                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   VOLTFAST                                                           "50 MG GRANULATO PER                                                            28945032                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                          S.P.A.             

 

DICLOFENAC SOD.SAND

"100 MG COMPRESSE A RILASCIO

PROLUNGATO" 21 COMPRESSE

029267022

SANDOZ SpA

 

 

 

 

 

         

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              DICLOFENAC/MISOPROSTOLO                                          M01AB55

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ARTROTEC                                                          30 COMPRESSE 50 MG + 200 MCG                                            29757010                PHARMACIA ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ARTROTEC                                                          30 COMPRESSE 75 MG + 200 MCG                                            29757059                PHARMACIA ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   MISOFENAC                                                       30 COMPRESSE 75 MG + 200 MCG                                            29316041                SEFARMA S.R.L.     

   MISOFENAC                                                       30 COMPRESSE 50 MG + 200 MCG                                            29316015                SEFARMA S.R.L.     

  

PRINCIPIO ATTIVO                 ETORICOXIB *                                                                         M01AX 

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ALGIX                                                                    20 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    35821065                ISTITUTO GENTILI

                                                                                     IN BLISTER AL/AL DA 60 MG                                                                                         S.P.A.                       

   ALGIX                                                                    20 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    35821204                ISTITUTO GENTILI

                                                                                     IN BLISTER AL/AL DA 90 MG                                                                                         S.P.A.  

   ARCOXIA                                                             20 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    35820063                MERCK SHARP E

                                                                                     IN BLISTER AL/AL DA 60 MG                                                                                         DOHME (ITALIA)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ARCOXIA                                                             20 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    35820202                MERCK SHARP E

                                                                                     IN BLISTER AL/AL DA 90 MG                                                                                         DOHME (ITALIA)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.    

 

ALGIX

5 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM

IN BLISTER AL/AL DA 120 MG

 

035821305

IST.GENTILI SpA

ARCOXIA

5 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM

IN BLISTER AL/AL DA 120 MG

 

035820303

MERCK SHARP & DOHME SpA

TAUXIB

20 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM

IN BLISTER AL/AL DA 60 MG

 

035890060

ADDENDA PHARMA Srl

TAUXIB

20 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM

IN BLISTER AL/AL DA 90 MG

 

035890209

ADDENDA PHARMA Srl

TAUXIB

5 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM

DA 120 MG IN BLISTER AL/AL

035890425

ADDENDA PHARMA Srl

                    

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              FENTIAZAC *                                                                           M01AB10

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   O-FLAM                                                                30 CONFETTI 200 MG                                                                       22843039                MDM S.P.A.              

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              FLURBIPROFENE *                                                                M01AE09

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   FROBEN                                                                30 CONFETTI 100 MG                                                                       24284034                ABBOTT S.P.A.       

   FROBEN                                                                1 FLAC. SCIROPPO 160 ML 0,5%                                                24284073                ABBOTT S.P.A.       

   FROBEN                                                                "SR" 20 CAPSULE 200 MG                                                              24284123                ABBOTT S.P.A.        

  PRINCIPIO ATTIVO               FURPROFENE *                                                                      M01AE

  

PRINCIPIO ATTIVO                 IBUPROFENE *                                                                       M01AE01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ARFEN                                                                   30 COMPRESSE 500 MG                                                                 24635029                LABORATORIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            LISAPHARMA S.P.A.

   BRUFEN                                                                "400 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 30                                       22593127                ABBOTT S.P.A.       

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                                              

   BRUFEN                                                                "600 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 30                                       22593139                ABBOTT S.P.A.       

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                                              

   BRUFEN                                                                "600 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          22593103                ABBOTT S.P.A.       

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE"30 BUSTINE                                                                                                             

   SUBITENE                                                            "400 MG COMPRESSE                                                                      34764023                UNIFARM S.P.A.      

                                                                                     EFFERVESCENTI" 30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                 

  

PRINCIPIO ATTIVO                 INDOMETACINA *                                                                  M01AB01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   INDOXEN                                                             25 CAPSULE 25 MG                                                                          20676019                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA           

   INDOXEN                                                             25 CAPSULE 50 MG                                                                          20676021                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   METACEN                                                            20 CAPSULE 50 MG                                                                          20873028                PROMEDICA S.R.L. 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              KETOPROFENE *                                                                    M01AE03

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ABACUS                                                               "80 MG GRANULATO PER SOLUZIONE                                 28508099                DOMPE'

                                                                                     ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                                                           FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   ABACUS                                                               20 CAPSULE 320 MG                                                                       28508048                DOMPE'

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   ALKET                                                                   "200" 28 CAPSULE RIGIDE USO ORALE                                32836049                DIF-INT

                                                                                     RIL PROL  200 MG                                                                                                                PHARMACEUTICAL

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B.V.                          

   ARTROSILENE                                                  "320 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                24022129                DOMPE'

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 20 CAPSULE                                                                                         FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                           

   DOLGOSIN                                                          "200 MG CAPSULE RILASCIO                                                     34925040                PULITZER

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 28 CAPSULE                                                                                         ITALIANA S.R.L.      

   EUKETOS                                                             "200 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                34393049                LABORATORIO

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 28 CAPSULE                                                                                         FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C.T. S.R.L.               

   FLEXEN                                                                "50MG CAPSULE MOLLI" 30 CAPSULE                                 23401021                ITALFARMACO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                        

   FLEXEN                                                                "200MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                 23401110                ITALFARMACO

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 30 CAPSULE                                                                                         S.P.A.                       

   IBIFEN                                                                   30 BUSTINE GRANULATO EFFERV 50                                    24994170                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     MG                                                                                                                                                BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANO GIOVANNI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             LORENZINI SPA     

 

   IBIFEN                                                                   "50 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 30 CAPSULE                               24994117                ISTITUTO

                                                                                      RIGIDE                                                                                                                                      BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANO GIOVANNI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             LORENZINI SPA     

   IBIFEN                                                                   "200 MG" 30 COMPRESSE A RILASCIO                                   24994168                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO                                                                                                                       BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANO GIOVANNI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             LORENZINI SPA     

   IBIFEN                                                                   "100 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 30                                                   24994081                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     CAPSULE RIGIDE                                                                                                                 BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANO GIOVANNI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             LORENZINI SPA     

   KETARTRIUM                                                    30 CAPSULE 100 MG                                                                       24494039                ESSETI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   KETOPLUS                                                          "200 MG" 28 CAPSULE RIGIDE USO                                         32901047                PANTAFARM SRL   

                                                                                     ORALE A RILASCIO PROLUNGATO 200                                                                                                    

                                                                                     MG                                                                                                                                                                                  

   KETOPROFENE                                                "50 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 30 CAPSULE                               34306050                DOC GENERICI SRL

   KETOPROFENE                                                "50 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 30 CAPSULE                               33519036                EG S.P.A.                 

                                                                                      RIGIDE                                                                                                                                                                        

 

   KETOPROFENE                                                "200 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE RILASCIO                                    33519099                EG S.P.A.                 

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 28 CAPSULE                                                                                                                           

   KETOPROFENE                                                "200 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE A RILASCIO                                25149093                GNR SPA                 

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" 30 CAPSULE                                                                                                                           

   KETOPROFENE                                                " 200 MG CAPSULE A RILASCIO                                                34306098                DOC GENERICI SRL

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO " 30 CPS                                                                                                                                       

   KETOSELECT                                                     "50 MG CAPSULE" 30 CAPSULE                                                34877011                A.MENARINI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE S.R.L.        

   MEPROFEN                                                         30 CAPSULE 100 MG                                                                       23655032                A.G.I.P.S.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI SRL

   OKI                                                                          "80 MG GRANULATO PER SOLUZIONE                                 28511095                DOMPE' SPA            

                                                                                     ORALE" 30 BUSTINE BIPARTITE                                                                                                                     

   ORUDIS                                                                 "50 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE"30 CAPSULE                                23183027                AVENTIS PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                        

   ORUDIS                                                                 "RETARD" 30 CAPSULE 200 MG                                                 23183193                AVENTIS PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   REUPROFEN                                                      "100MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 20                                                    24528022                LABORATORIO

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                  TERAPEUTICO M.R.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             SRL                         

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              LORNOXICAM                                                                         M01AC05

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   TAIGALOR                                                          30 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE DIVISIBILI                                   29304033                PRODOTTI

                                                                                      8 MG                                                                                                                                           FORMENTI S.R.L.

   NOXON                                                                 30 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE DIVISIBILI                                   29304030                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                      8 MG                                                                                                                                           FORMENTI S.P.A.       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              MELOXICAM                                                                            M01AC06

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   LEUTROL                                                             30 COMPRESSE 7,5 MG                                                                   34280053                ISTITUTO DE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ANGELI PH S.P.A.   

   LEUTROL                                                             30 COMPRESSE 15 MG                                                                    34280038                ISTITUTO DE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ANGELI PH S.P.A.   

   MOBIC                                                                   "15" 30 COMPRESSE DIVISIBILI 15 MG                                   31985068                BOEHRINGER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INGELHEIM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INTERNATIONAL

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GMBH                        

   MOBIC                                                                   "7,5" 30 COMPRESSE 7,5 MG                                                         31985157                BOEHRINGER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INGELHEIM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INTERNATIONAL

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GMBH                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              NABUMETONE *                                                                     M01AX01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ARTAXAN                                                            "1 G COMPRESSE RIVESTITE" 30                                                26672079                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            FARMACOBIOLOGIC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            O MALESCI S.P.A.   

   ARTAXAN                                                            "1 G GRANULATO PER SOSPENSIONE                                  26672081                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                                                           FARMACOBIOLOGIC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            O MALESCI S.P.A.   

   NABUSER                                                            30 BUSTINE 1G                                                                                   26673069                GEYMONAT SPA     

   NABUSER                                                            30 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE 1G                                                    26673057                GEYMONAT SPA     

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              NAPROXENE *                                                                         M01AE02

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ALGONAPRIL                                                   "500 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  33294012                CRINOS S.P.A.        

   FLOGINAX                                                          "500 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  23437054                TEOFARMA S.R.L.   

   FLOXALIN                                                           "550 MG GRANULATO PER SOLUZIONE                              24895056                BIOPROGRESS

                                                                                     ORALE"30 BUSTINE                                                                                                            PHARMA S.P.A.       

   FLOXALIN                                                           "550 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE"30                                                    24895043                BIOPROGRESS

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                  PHARMA S.P.A.       

   GIBIXEN                                                               30 BUSTINE MONODOSE 500 MG                                             23842103                METAPHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   LASER                                                                   30 BUSTINE 500 MG                                                                         23886070                TOSI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.A.S.                       

   LASER                                                                   30 COMPRESSE 500 MG                                                                 23886068                TOSI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.A.S.                       

   LENIARTRIL                                                       30 COMPRESSE 500 MG                                                                 23862055                SOCIETA'

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            STABILIMENTO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MENDELEJEFF S.R.L.

NAPRIUS                                                                 30 COMPRESSE 500 MG                                                                 24667139                AESCULAPIUS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI SRL

   NAPRIUS                                                              20 BUSTE GRANULATO                                                                 24667154                AESCULAPIUS

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ESTEMP.500 MG                                                                                   FARMACEUTICI SRL

   NAPROREX                                                         30 CAPSULE 550 MG                                                                       25800044                LAMPUGNANI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   NAPROSYN                                                        "500 MG COMPRESSE                                                                      23177215                RECORDATI

                                                                                     GASTRORESISTENTI" 30 COMPRESSE                                                                       INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHIMICA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA S.P.A

   NAPROSYN                                                        "500 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          23177138                RECORDATI

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                          INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHIMICA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA S.P.A.

   NAPROSYN                                                        "750 MG COMPRESSE A RILASCIO                                           23177189                RECORDATI

                                                                                     MODIFICATO"  20 COMPRESSE                                                                                     INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHIMICA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA S.P.A

   NAPROXENE                                                     30 COMPRESSE 500 MG                                                                 24505075                PLIVA PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   NAPROXENE SODICO                                   "550 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 30                                                   27170012                DOROM S.R.L.          

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                                                    

   NUMIDAN                                                           30 BUSTINE GRANULATO 300 MG                                           25458023                THERABEL

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PHARMA S.P.A.       

   NUMIDAN                                                           30 CAPSULE 300 MG                                                                       25458011                THERABEL

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PHARMA S.P.A.       

   PREXAN                                                               "500" 30 BUSTINE GRANULATO USO                                      24467108                LA.FA.RE. S.R.L.     

                                                                                     ORALE 500 MG                                                                                                                                                        

   PREXAN                                                               "500" 30 COMPRESSE 500 MG                                                      24467058                LA.FA.RE. S.R.L.     

   SYNALGO                                                           "500" 30 COMPRESSE 680 MG                                                      25082088                GEYMONAT SPA     

   SYNFLEX                                                             "FORTE "30 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE                                        24722047                RECORDATI

                                                                                     550 MG                                                                                                                                       INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHIMICA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA S.P.A

   SYNFLEX                                                             "FORTE" 30 BUSTINE GRANULATO 550                                 24722086                RECORDATI

                                                                                      MG                                                                                                                                               INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHIMICA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA S.P.A.

   XENAR                                                                  "500 MG COMPRESSE" BLISTER  30                                          23383033                ALFA

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            WASSERMANN

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   XENAR                                                                  "750 MG COMPRESSE A RILASCIO                                           23383159                ALFA

                                                                                     PROLUNGATO" BLISTER  20                                                                                           WASSERMANN

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                        

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              NIMESULIDE *                                                                        M01AX17

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ALGIMESIL                                                         "100 MG COMPRESSE"  30                                                             29074022                FRANCIA

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOLOGICA S.R.L.   

   ALGIMESIL                                                         "100 MG GRANULATO PER SOLUZIONE                              29074010                FRANCIA

                                                                                     ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                                                           FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOLOGICA S.R.L.   

   ALGOLIDER                                                       30 BUSTINE 100 MG                                                                         28509026                SIAR PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   ALGOLIDER                                                       30 COMPRESSE 100 MG                                                                 28509014                SIAR PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                        

   ANTALGO                                                           "100 MG GRANULATO PER SOLUZIONE                              32001024                SELVI

                                                                                     ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                                                           LABORATORIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOTERAPICO S.P.A.

   AREUMA                                                              "100 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  33522018                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ECOBI SAS              

   AREUMA                                                              "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          33522032                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                          ECOBI SAS              

   AULIN                                                                   "100 MG COMPRESSE"30 COMPRESSE                                   25940026                ROCHE S.P.A.         

   AULIN                                                                   "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          25940053                ROCHE S.P.A.         

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE"30 BUSTINE                                                                                                             

   DELFOS                                                                "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          34265013                A.G.I.P.S.

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                          FARMACEUTICI SRL

   DIMESUL                                                             "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          32963035                LA.FA.RE. S.R.L.     

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                                                            

   DOLESIDE                                                           "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          33702022                F.D. FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                           S.R.L.                      

   DOMES                                                                  30 BUSTINE GRANULATO USO ORALE                                29478017                SO.SE.PHARM

                                                                                     100 MG                                                                                                                                       S.R.L. SOCIETA' DI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SERVIZIO PER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            L'INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA ED AFFINI

   DOMES                                                                  "100 MG COMPRESSE OROSOLUBILI"                                    29478056                SO.SE.PHARM

                                                                                     30 COMPRESSE DA 100 MG                                                                                             S.R.L. SOCIETA' DI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SERVIZIO PER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            L'INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA ED AFFINI

   EDEMAX                                                              "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          33936016                S.I.F.I. S.P.A.           

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                                                            

   EFRIDOL                                                              "100 MG GRANULATO  PER                                                         32932030                AESCULAPIUS

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE"30 BUSTINE                                                                           FARMACEUTICI SRL

   EUDOLENE                                                        30 BUSTINE 100 MG                                                                         29395011                ISTITUTO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAZIONALE SAVIO SRL

   FANSIDOL                                                           "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          28766020                NCSN

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                          FARMACEUTICI S.R.L.

   FANSIDOL                                                           30 CAPSULE 100 MG                                                                       28766018                NCSN

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI S.R.L.

   FANSULIDE                                                        "100 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  34029013                SOFAR S.P.A.          

   FANSULIDE                                                        "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          34029025                SOFAR S.P.A.          

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                                                            

   FLOLID                                                                 "100 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  28778013                LABORATORIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C.T. S.R.L.               

   FLOLID                                                                 "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          28778037                LABORATORIO

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                          FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C.T. S.R.L.               

  

IDEALID                                                                  "100 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  34200016                ALTERNA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                        

   IDEALID                                                               "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          34200028                ALTERNA

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                          FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   ISODOL                                                                 "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          32337038                MAGIS

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE"30 BUSTINE                                                                           FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   LEDOLID                                                             "100 MG" 30 BUSTINE GRANULATO                                        32326023                PULITZER

                                                                                     USO ORALE  100 MG                                                                                                           ITALIANA S.R.L.      

   LEDOREN                                                            "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          28519039                LABORATORI

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE"30 BUSTINE                                                                           PRODOTTI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BONISCONTRO E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GAZZONE S.R.L.      

   LEDOREN                                                            "100 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  28519015                LABORATORI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PRODOTTI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BONISCONTRO E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GAZZONE S.R.L.      

   MESULID                                                             "100 MG COMPRESSE"30 COMPRESSE                                   25971021                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   MESULID                                                             "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          25971058                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE"30 BUSTINE                                                                           S.P.A.                       

 

   MESULID FAST                                                 "400 MG GRANULATO PER SOLUZIONE                              29127026                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                     ORALE"30 BUSTINE                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   MIGRALESS                                                        "100 MG COMPRESSE                                                                      35244019                PLIVA PHARMA

                                                                                     ORODISPERSIBILI" 30 COMPRESSE DA                                                                    S.P.A.                       

                                                                                      100 MG                                                                                                                                                                        

   NERELID                                                              30 BUSTINE GRAN SOLUZ ORALE 100                                  33078027                NEW RESEARCH

                                                                                     MG                                                                                                                                                S.R.L.                       

   NERELID                                                              30 CAPSULE 100 MG                                                                       33078015                NEW RESEARCH

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   NIDE                                                                       "100 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 30                                                   28767010                I.BIR.N -ISTITUTO

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                  BIOTERAPICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAZIONALE S.R.L.  

   NIDE                                                                       "100 MG GRANULATO PER SOLUZIONE                              28767022                I.BIR.N -ISTITUTO

                                                                                     ORALE" 30  BUSTINE                                                                                                          BIOTERAPICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAZIONALE S.R.L.  

   NIMEDEX                                                             "400MG GRANULATO" 30 BUSTINE                                         29120021                ITALFARMACO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   NIMENOL                                                            "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          32857029                KRUGHER PHARMA

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                          S.R.L.                       

   NIMESIL                                                               30 BUSTE 100 MG                                                                              29375021                ISTITUTO LUSO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACO D'ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   NIMESULENE                                                    "100 MG COMPRESSE" BLISTER 30                                           29007046                LABORATORI

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            GUIDOTTI S.P.A.     

   NIMESULENE                                                    "100 MG POLVERE PER SOLUZIONE                                      29007059                LABORATORI

                                                                                     ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                                                           GUIDOTTI S.P.A.     

   NIMESULIDE                                                     "100 MG GRANULI PER SOLUZIONE                                      32095010                GNR SPA                 

                                                                                     ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                                                                                             

   NIMESULIDE                                                     "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          33089018                JET GENERICI

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                          S.R.L.                       

   NIMESULIDE                                                     "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          33673029                RATIOPHARM GMBH

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                                                            

   NIMESULIDE                                                     "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          35106020                UNION HEALTH

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                          S.R.L.                       

   NIMESULIDE                                                     "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          33048036                TEVA PHARMA

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                          ITALIA S.R.L.           

   NIMESULIDE                                                     "100 MG GRANULATO"30 BUSTINE                                         32923017                ANGENERICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   NIMESULIDE                                                     "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          33052034                MERCK GENERICS

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                          ITALIA S.P.A.          

   NIMESULIDE                                                     30 BUST. POLVERE PER SOLUZIONE                                     32983025                DOROM S.R.L.          

                                                                                     ORALE 100 MG                                                                                                                                                        

   NIMESULIDE                                                     30 BUSTINE GRANULATO USO ORALE                                33950027                PLIVA PHARMA

                                                                                     100 MG                                                                                                                                       S.P.A.                       

   NIMESULIDE                                                     30 COMPRESSE 100 MG                                                                 33578016                DOC GENERICI SRL

   NIMESULIDE                                                     30 COMPRESSE USO ORALE 100 MG                                      33950015                PLIVA PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   NIMESULIDE                                                     "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          33578042                DOC GENERICI SRL

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE"30 BUSTINE                                                                                                             

   NIMESULIDE                                                     "100 MG COMPRESSE                                                                      33673043                RATIOPHARM GMBH

                                                                                     EFFERVESCENTI" 30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                 

   NIMESULIDE                                                     "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          33649029                EG S.P.A.                 

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                                                            

   NIMESULIDE                                                     "100 MG COMPRESSE                                                                      33649043                EG S.P.A.                 

                                                                                     EFFERVESCENTI" 30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                 

   NIMESULIDE                                                     "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          28921029                BENEDETTI S.P.A. 

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                                                            

   NIMESULIDE                                                     "100 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  28921031                BENEDETTI S.P.A. 

   NIMESULIDE                                                     "100 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  33048012                TEVA PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIA S.R.L.           

   NIMESULIDE                                                     "100 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  33052010                MERCK GENERICS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIA S.P.A.          

   NIMESULIDE                                                     "100 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  33649017                EG S.P.A.                 

   NIMESULIDE                                                     "100 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  33673017                RATIOPHARM GMBH

   NIMESULIDE                                                     "100 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  34245011                HEXAL S.P.A.          

   NIMESULIDE                                                     "100 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  35106018                UNION HEALTH

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   NIMESULIDE                                                     "100 MG GRANULATO PER SOLUZIONE                              34245023                HEXAL S.P.A.          

                                                                                     ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                                                                                             

   NIMESULIDE                                                     "100 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 30                                                   32095022                GNR SPA                 

                                                                                     CAPSULE                                                                                                                                                                    

   NIMESULIDE UCB                                           "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          28854026                UCB PHARMA

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                          S.P.A.                       

   NIMESULIDE UCB                                           30 COMPRESSE 100 MG                                                                 28854014                UCB PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   NIMS                                                                       30 BUSTE 100 MG                                                                              28546012                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CABER S.P.A.         

   NOALGOS                                                           "100 MG GRANULATO" 30 BUSTINE                                        29477015                LEVOFARMA S.R.L. 

   NOXALIDE                                                          GRANULATO USO ORALE 30 BUSTINE                                32346013                LAMPUGNANI

                                                                                     100 MG                                                                                                                                       FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   REMOV                                                                  30 COMPRESSE 100 MG                                                                 28799017                VECCHI & C PIAM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.A.P.A.                   

   REMOV                                                                  30 BUSTINE GRANULATO 100 MG                                           28799031                VECCHI & C PIAM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.A.P.A.                   

   RESULIN                                                              30 COMPRESSE 100 MG                                                                 28510016                ISTITUTO CHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INTERNAZIONALE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            DR.GIUSEPPE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RENDE S.R.L.          

   RESULIN                                                              "100 MG GRANULATO PER SOLUZIONE                              28510028                ISTITUTO CHIMICO

                                                                                     ORALE"30 BUSTINE                                                                                                            INTERNAZIONALE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            DR.GIUSEPPE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RENDE S.R.L.          

   SOLVING                                                              "100 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  32930012                MDM S.P.A.               

   SOLVING                                                              "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          32930036                MDM S.P.A.              

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                                                            

   SULIDAMOR                                                      "100 MG POLVERE PER SOSPENSIONE                                 28705022                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                      ORALE"30 BUSTE                                                                                                                DAMOR S.P.A.         

   SULIDE                                                                 "100 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  29125010                BENEDETTI S.P.A. 

   SULIDE                                                                 "100 MG GRANULATO PER                                                          29125022                BENEDETTI S.P.A. 

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                                                            

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              OXAPROZINA                                                                           M01AE12

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   WALIX                                                                   "600 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  27670013                FIDIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              PIROXICAM *                                                                           M01AC01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ANTIFLOG                                                           30 CAPSULE 20 MG                                                                          25069028                F.I.R.M.A. SPA         

   ARTROXICAM                                                    30 CAPSULE 20 MG                                                                          25554027                SO.SE.PHARM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L. SOCIETA' DI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SERVIZIO PER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            L'INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA ED AFFINI

   BREXIN                                                                 "20 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                    26446056                PROMEDICA S.R.L. 

   BREXIN                                                                 "20 MG GRANULATO PER SOLUZIONE                                 26446031                PROMEDICA S.R.L. 

                                                                                     ORALE"20 BUSTINE BIPARTITE                                                                                                                      

   BREXIN                                                                 "20 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  26446106                PROMEDICA S.R.L. 

                                                                                      30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                                       

   BRUXICAM                                                          "20 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE"15 CAPSULE                                25478025                BRUSCHETTINI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SRL                           

   CICLADOL                                                          "20 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  26447108                MASTER PHARMA

                                                                                      30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                     S.R.L.                       

   CICLADOL                                                          "20 MG COMPRESSE"30 COMPRESSE                                     26447058                MASTER PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   CICLADOL                                                          "20 MG GRANULATO PER SOLUZIONE                                 26447033                MASTER PHARMA

                                                                                     ORALE"20 BUSTINE BIPARTITE                                                                                    S.R.L.                       

   DEXICAM                                                             30 CAPSULE 20 MG                                                                          25948023                OFFICINA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FIORENTINA S.R.L. 

   EUROXI                                                                 30 CAPSULE 20 MG                                                                          33326012                COPERNICO S.R.L. 

   FELDENE                                                             "20 MG COMPRESSE SOLUBILI" 30                                          24249056                PFIZER ITALIA

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   FELDENE                                                             "20 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 30 CAPSULE                               24249029                PFIZER ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   FELDENE FAST                                                 "20MG COMPRESSE SUBLINGUALI" 20                                 28437022                PFIZER ITALIA

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   FLODOL                                                               "20 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 30 CAPSULE                               28610018                FARMA UNO S.R.L.  

                                                                                      RIGIDE                                                                                                                                                                        

   LAMPOFLEX                                                      30 CAPSULE 20 MG USO ORALE                                              25824083                LAMPUGNANI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI SPA

   OXICAM                                                                30 CAPSULE 20 MG                                                                          33325010                BIOPROGRESS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   PIROXICAM                                                        "20 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 30 CAPSULE                               33025026                MERCK GENERICS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIA S.P.A.          

   PIROXICAM                                                        "20 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                    29461023                HEXAL S.P.A.          

  PIROXICAM                                                         "20 MG COMPRESSE SOLUBILI" 30                                          31222033                RATIOPHARM GMBH

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                                              

   PIROXICAM                                                        "20 MG COMPRESSE SOLUBILI "                                               29534031                EG S.P.A.                 

                                                                                     BLISTER 30 COMPRESSE SOLUBILI                                                                                                              

   PIROXICAM                                                        "20 MG CAPSULE" 30 CAPSULE                                                33788011                DOC GENERICI SRL

   PIROXICAM                                                        "20 MG CAPSULE" 30 CAPSULE                                                33060017                JET GENERICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   PIROXICAM                                                        "20 MG CAPSULE" 30 CAPSULE                                                33047022                TEVA PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIA S.R.L.           

  

PIROXICAM                                                           "20 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 30 CAPSULE                               26091013                DOROM S.R.L.          

                                                                                      RIGIDE                                                                                                                                                                        

   PIROXICAM                                                        "20 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" 30 CAPSULE                               31222021                RATIOPHARM GMBH

   PIROXICAM                                                        30 CAPSULE 20 MG                                                                          25103021                ABC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   PIROXICAM                                                        "20 MG CAPSULE RIGIDE" BLISTER 30                                  29534029                EG S.P.A.                 

                                                                                     CAPSULE RIGIDE                                                                                                                                                   

   PIROXICAM GNR                                             30 CAPSULE 20 MG                                                                          25604048                GNR SPA                 

   REUCAM                                                              30 CAPSULE 20 MG                                                                          25402025                LABORATORIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C.T. S.R.L.               

   REUMAGIL                                                         30 CAPSULE 20 MG                                                                          25262027                K.B.R. KROTON

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOLOGIC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RESEARCHES S.R.L.

   RIACEN                                                                 30 CAPSULE 20 MG                                                                          24780025                PROMEDICA S.R.L. 

   ROXENE                                                               "20 MG COMPRESSE SOLUBILI" 30                                          26076063                BENEDETTI S.P.A. 

                                                                                     COMPRESSE SOLUBILI                                                                                                                                       

   ROXENE                                                               30 CAPSULE 20 MG                                                                          26076024                BENEDETTI S.P.A. 

   ROXENIL                                                              30 CAPSULE 20 MG                                                                          25496074                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CABER S.P.A.         

   ROXIDEN                                                             30 CAPSULE 20 MG                                                                          25062035                PULITZER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANA S.R.L.      

IPSOFLOG

"20 MG COMPRESSE SOLUBILI

" 30 COMPRESSE

034919047

EPIFARMA Srl

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              PROGLUMETACINA *                                                            M01AB14

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   AFLOXAN                                                            "300 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   24166050                ROTTA RESEARCH

                                                                                     FILM" 20 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        LABORATORIUM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   PROXIL                                                                 "300MG COMPRESSE" 20 COMPRESSE                                   24116079                ROTTAPHARM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              SULINDAC *                                                                             M01AB02

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ALGOCETIL                                                        30 COMPRESSE 200 MG                                                                 24656035                FRANCIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOLOGICA S.R.L.   

    CLINORIL                                                           "200 MG COMPRESSE" 30 COMPRESSE                                  23410044                NEOPHARMED SPA

 

PRINCIPIO ATTIVO                 TENOXICAM *                                                                         M01AC02

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   DOLMEN                                                              30 BUSTINE 20 MG                                                                            26910036                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   DOLMEN                                                              30 COMPRESSE 20 MG                                                                    26910024                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   REXALGAN                                                        "20 MG GRANULATO PER                                                            27379039                DOMPE'

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                          FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   TILCOTIL                                                              "20 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                      26758021                ROCHE S.P.A.         

                                                                                     FILM"30 COMPRESSE       

                                                                                                                       

  

PRINCIPIO ATTIVO                 VALDECOXIB                                                                           M01AX

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

 

BEXTRA

10 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE

CON FILM 20 COMPRESSE IN BLISTERUSO ORALE

 

035963038

PFIZER ITALIA Srl

BEXTRA

20 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE

CON FILM 20 COMPRESSE IN BLISTER USO ORALE

 

035963139

PFIZER ITALIA Srl

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Nota 74

Farmaci per l’infertilità femminile e maschile:

-    follitroprina a da DNA ricombinante

-    follitroprina b da DNA ricombinante

-    menotropina

-    urofollitropina

La prescrizione a carico del SSN, su diagnosi e piano terapeutico di centri specializzati, Universitari o delle Aziende Sanitarie, individuati dalle Regioni e dalle Province Autonome di Trento e Bolzano, è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

 

-    trattamento dell’infertilità femminile:

§     in donne di età non superiore ai 45 anni e/o con valori di FSH, al 3° giorno del ciclo, non superiori a 30 mUI/ml;

§     ad un dosaggio massimo di 6.300 unità di FSH per singola prescrizione (singolo ciclo);

§     ad un massimo complessivo di 12.600 UI/paziente;

 

-    trattamento dell’infertilità maschile:

§     ad un dosaggio massimo per singola prescrizione di 150 UI di FSH 3 volte alla settimana per 4 mesi.

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

L'infertilità di coppia è un problema di vaste proporzioni che coinvolge anche in Italia decine di miglialia di persone. L'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità stima intorno al 15-20% le coppie con problemi di fertilità nel paesi industriali avanzati.

L'infertilità di coppia è legata, nel 35% circa dei casi, al fattore femminile, nel 30% al fattore maschile; nel 20% dei casi si rilevano problemi in ambedue i partner e nel 15% dei casi l'infertilità rimane sconosciuta (infertilità inspiegata). Le alterazioni dei fenomeni fisiologici dell’ovulazione rappresentano un’importante causa di infertilità di coppia (18-25% dei casi). L’individuazione dell’ovulazione in queste donne è finalizzata ad indurre lo sviluppo follicolare e la conseguente ovulazione.

Il trattamento dell’infertilità femminile con gonadotropine è pertanto consigliato nelle diverse condizioni patologiche di cicli anovulari. L’indicazione all’uso delle gonodatropine si è notevolmente ampliata negli ultimi decenni, in quanto, oltre a situazioni patologiche di infertilità, le gonadotropine vengono utilizzate anche in donne normo-ovulanti sottoposte ad iperstimolazioni ovariche controllate necessarie al ripristino della fertilità mediante tecniche di procreazione medicalmente assistita (FIVET, ICS)

Tale trattamento, se effettuato con dosi di gonadotropine improprie ed elevate, può essere responsabile:

a) della cosiddetta sindrome da iperstimolazione ovarica, con passaggio di liquido nello spazio peritoneale e conseguenti ipovolemia, oliguria, emoconcentrazione, ascite massiva, eventualmente emoperitoneo, shock anche ad esito letale;

b) di eventi tromboembolici in concomitanza o indipendenti dalla suddetta sindrome a carico di organi critici (cervello, polmone e delle estremità);

c) di complicazioni polmonari (atelettasia, dispnea, tachipnea, sindrome della insufficienza respiratoria acuta), oltre a cisti ovariche, torsione degli annessi, forti caldane, reazioni febbrili, nausea, crampi addominali, meteorismo, gravidanze ectopiche e multiple.

Nei casi di iperstimolazione ovarica sono infine controindicati i rapporti sessuali, per il rischio di insorgenza di gravidanze plurime.

Le gonadotropine follicolostimolanti attualmente in uso si possono ricondurre a due grandi gruppi:

1.        gonadotropine di origine estrattiva urinaria;

2.        gonadotropine ricombinanti prodotte mediante transfezione della linea cellulare ovarica di criceto cinese con plasmidi contenenti le due sub unità geniche che codificano per l’FSH.

 

Gli studi di confronto tra FSH ricombinante ed urinario sono stati oggetto di consistenti metanalisi nonché di numerosi studi farmaco-economici; tuttavia, le conclusioni in termini di evidenze certe di maggiore efficacia sono attualmente ancora contrastanti.

 

L’infertilità maschile ha diverse cause, spesso difficilmente diagnosticabili e soltanto in alcuni casi di alterazione della spermatogenesi (ipogonadismo ipo- o normo-gonadotropo) esiste un razionale per un intervento terapeutico efficace con gonadotropine.

Nell’uomo, la somministrazione di gonadotropine provoca ginecomastia, dolore al seno, mastite, nausea, anormalità delle frazioni lipoproteiche, aumento nel sangue degli enzimi epatici, eritrocitosi.

 

Bibliografia di riferimento

1.        Keye WR Jr, et al. In: Infertilità Valutazione e trattamento. Verduci editore 1997;587-91.

2.        Mantovani IG,et al. Pharmaco-economic aspects of in-vitro fertilization in Italy. Human Reproduction 1999;14:953-8.

3.        AHFS Drug information, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 2000:2816-9.

3.        Facts and comparisons. St. Louis: Walter Kluwer, 2000:246-58.

4.        Leibowitz D, Hoffman J. Fertility drug therapies: past, present, and future. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2000;29:201-10.

5.        De Placido G, et al. Recombinant follicle stimulating hormone is effective in poor responders to highly purified follicle stimulating hormone. Human reproduction, 2000;15:17-20.

6.        Van Wely M, et al. Human menopausal gonadotropin versus recombinant follicle stimulation hormone for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive cycles (Cochrane Review). In:The Cochrane Library. Issue 1. Oxford: Update Sotware, 2003.

7.        Filicori M, et al. Comparison of controlled ovarian stimulation with human menopausal gonadotropin or recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone. Fertility and Sterility 2003;80:390-7.

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              FOLLITROPINA ALFA DA DNA RICOMBINANTE *           G03GA05

                                                              

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   GONAL-F                                                             1050 IU/1,75ML (77 MCG/1,75 ML)                                            32392211                SERONO EUROPE

                                                                                     POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                                                                           LIMITED                   

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 1                                                                                                                              

                                                                                     FLACONCINO POLVERE+1 SIRINGA                                                                                                  

                                                                                     PRERIEMP. SOLVENTE 2 ML+15

                                                                                     SIRINGHE USO SC

   GONAL-F                                                             75 IU POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                           32392033                SERONO EUROPE

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 5 FIALE                                                                             LIMITED                    

                                                                                     POLVERE+5 FIALE SOLVENTE 1 ML                                                                                                            

                                                                                     USO SOTTOCUTANEO                                                                                                                                 

   GONAL-F                                                             150 IU POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                         32392122                SERONO EUROPE

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 10 FIALE                                                                           LIMITED                   

                                                                                     POLVERE+10 FIALE SOLVENTE 1 ML                                                                                                         

                                                                                     USO SOTTOCUTANEO                                                                                                                                 

   GONAL-F                                                             75 IU POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                           32392045                SERONO EUROPE

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE 10 FIALE                                                                           LIMITED                   

                                                                                     POLVERE+10 FIALE SOLVENTE 1 ML                                                                                                         

                                                                                     USO SOTTOCUTANEO                                                                                                                                 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              FOLLITROPINA BETA *                                                         G03GA06

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   PUREGON                                                           100 IU/0,5 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE                              29520222                N.V. ORGANON        

                                                                                      1 FLACONCINO USO IM/SC                                                                                                                              

   PUREGON                                                           100 IU/0,5 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE                              29520234                N.V. ORGANON        

                                                                                      5  FLACONCINI USO IM/SC                                                                                                                               

   PUREGON                                                           200 IU/0,5 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE                              29520297                N.V. ORGANON        

                                                                                      5  FLACONCINI USO IM/SC                                                                                                                               

   PUREGON                                                           50 IU/0,5 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE                                29520172                N.V. ORGANON        

                                                                                     1 FLACONCINO USO IM/SC                                                                                                                               

   PUREGON                                                           50 IU/0,5 ML SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE                                29520184                N.V. ORGANON        

                                                                                     5  FLACONCINI USO IM/SC                                                                                                                                

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              MENOTROPINA *                                                                    G03GA02

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   MENOGON                                                          "75 U.I. FSH + 75 U.I. LH POLVERE E                                        32903027                FERRING S.P.A.      

                                                                                     SOLVENTE PER SOLUZIONE                                                                                                                            

                                                                                     INIETTABILE"10 FIALE POLVERE + 10                                                                                                        

                                                                                     FIALE SOLVENTE 1 ML                                                                                                                

 

 

 

 

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              UROFOLLITROPINA *                                                           G03GA04

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   FOSTIMON                                                           "75 UI POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                          32921049                IBSA

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 10 FLACONI                                                                  FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     + 10 FIALE SOLVENTE                                                                                                       ITALIA S.R.L.           

   FOSTIMON                                                           "75 UI POLVERE E SOLVENTE PER                                          32921013                IBSA

                                                                                     SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE" 1 FLACONE                                                                   FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     + 1 FIALA                                                                                                                                  ITALIA S.R.L.           

   METRODIN HP                                                  "75" IM SC 1 FIALA LIOF 75 UI + 1 FIALA                               29143017                INDUSTRIA

                                                                                     SOLV.                                                                                                                                          FARMACEUTICA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SERONO S.P.A.       

 

 


Nota 75

Farmaci per la disfunzione erettile:

-    alprostadil

La prescrizione a carico del SSN è limitata ai pazienti con:

-          lesioni permanenti del midollo spinale e compromissione della funzione erettile.

La rimborsabilità è limitata ad alprostadil in quanto efficace nella patologia indicata, per meccanismo di azione e modalità di somministrazione.

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

Pur nel massimo rispetto delle norme sulla riservatezza dei dati personali dei propri assistiti, il medico prescrittore deve essere sempre in grado di documentare ai servizi delle ASL che ne facessero richiesta che le prescrizioni del farmaco sono indirizzate a soggetti con lesioni permanenti del midollo spinale con compromissione della funzione erettile.

La rimborsabilità è limitata ad alprostadil, in quanto efficace nella patologia indicata per meccanismo di azione e modalità di somministrazione.

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              ALPROSTADIL *                                                                      G04BE01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   CAVERJECT                                                         "10 MCG/ML POLVERE E SOLVENTE                                      29561038                PHARMACIA ITALIA

                                                                                     PER SOLUZIONE INIETTABILE " 1                                                                               S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     FLACONE POLVERE + 1 SIRINGA                                                                                                                  

                                                                                     PRERIEMPITA DA 1 ML                                                                                                                        

 

 


Nota 76

Sali di ferro:

-    ferrico gluconato

-    ferromaltoso

-    ferroso gluconato

La prescrizione a carico del SSN, in situazioni di carenza documentata, è limitata alle seguenti categorie di pazienti:

 

-   bambini di età < 3 aa;

-   donne in gravidanza;

-   anziani (>65 anni).

 

La prescrizione dei sali di ferro non è rimborsata dal SSN per altre indicazioni autorizzate.

 

 

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              FERRICO GLUCONATO                                                         B03AB 

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   FERRITIN OTI                                                     "781,2 MG/100 ML SCIROPPO" 1                                                 12238085                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     FLACONE DA 240 ML + MISURINO                                                                             BIOLOGICO

                                                                                     DOSATORE                                                                                                                              CHEMIOTERAPICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              FERROMALTOSO                                                                    B03AB05

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   INTRAFER                                                            GOCCE 30 ML                                                                                      16747026                GEYMONAT SPA     

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              FERROSO GLUCONATO *                                                     B03AA03

   FARMACO                                                              CONFEZIONE                                                                                          AIC                        DITTA

   AUXOFER                                                            "80 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  34612010                MAGIS

                                                                                      30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                     FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   BIOFERAL                                                           "80 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  34444012                BIOPROGRESS

                                                                                      30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                     PHARMA S.P.A.       

   BIOGLUFER                                                        "80 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  34551010                EURO-PHARMA

                                                                                      30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                     S.R.L.                       

   BLIZER                                                                  "80 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  34448011                I.BIR.N -ISTITUTO

                                                                                      30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                     BIOTERAPICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAZIONALE S.R.L.  

   BLUSTARK                                                          "80 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  34491011                ISTITUTO

                                                                                      30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                     BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAZIONALE SAVIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SRL                          

   CROM                                                                     "80 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  34575011                SELVI

                                                                                      30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                     LABORATORIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOTERAPICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   CROMATONFERRO                                         "80 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  26689051                A.MENARINI

                                                                                      30 COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI                                                                                INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE S.R.L.        

   EFFEGYN                                                             "80 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  34432017                EFFIK ITALIA S.P.A.

                                                                                      30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                                       

   EMOXIRON                                                         "75 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  28866059                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                      30 COMPRESSE DA 600 MG                                                                                            CABER S.P.A.         

   ERIGLOBIN                                                         "80 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  34442018                MAX FARMA SRL     

                                                                                       30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                                      

   ERITROPIÙ                                                          "80 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  34441016                FARMA UNO S.R.L.  

 

 

   FERIG                                                                     "80 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  34538013                LABORATORIO

                                                                                      30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                     FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C.T. S.R.L.               

   FERRO COMPLEX                                            "80 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  16443069                PHARMAFAR S.R.L.

                                                                                      30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                                       

   FERRO COMPLEX                                            "80 MG GRANULATO                                                                      16443071                PHARMAFAR S.R.L.

                                                                                     EFFERVESCENTE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                                                                        

   FERRO GLUCONATO                                     " 80 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI                                  35366018                EG S.P.A.                  

                                                                                      30 CPR                                                                                                                                                                         

   FERRO GLUCONATO                                     "80 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI                                   35239019                EURODERM R.D.C.

   EURODERM                                                        30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                      S.P.A.                       

   FERROGYN                                                         "80 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  34532010                SO.SE.PHARM

                                                                                      30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                     S.R.L. SOCIETA' DI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SERVIZIO PER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            L'INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA ED

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             AFFINI                     

   FLEXIFER                                                             "80 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  34539015                PULITZER

                                                                                      30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                     ITALIANA S.R.L.      

   GLOROS                                                               "80 MG GRANULATO                                                                      34924023                NEW RESEARCH

                                                                                     EFFERVESCENTE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                                      S.R.L.                       

   GLUCOFERRO                                                   "650 MG COMPRESSE                                                                      26696031                LABORATORI

                                                                                     EFFERVESCENTI" 30 COMPRESSE                                                                               GUIDOTTI S.P.A.     

                                                                                     EFFERVESCENTI                                                                                                                                                     

   GLUCONATO FERROSO                               "80 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  34584019                ABC

                                                                                      30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                     FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   LOSFERRON                                                       "80 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  27731013                SOCIETA

                                                                                      30 COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI                                                                                PRODOTTI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ANTIBIOTICI SPA   

   MEGAFER                                                            "80 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  34492013                PULITZER

                                                                                      30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                     ITALIANA S.R.L.      

   MONOFERRO                                                     "80 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  34466019                ISTITUTO

                                                                                      30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                     GANASSINI S.P.A.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            DI RICERCHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOCHIMICHE          

   PRONTOFERRO                                                "80 MG COMPRESSE EFFERVESCENTI"                                  34453011                A.M.S.A. S.R.L.        

                                                                                      30 COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                                       

   SIDERVIM                                                            "80 MG GRANULATO                                                                      34573028                MECFARMA S.R.L.   

                                                                                     EFFERVESCENTE" 30 BUSTINE                                                                                                                        

   SUSTEMIAL                                                        "650 MG COMPRESSE                                                                      26688034                ISTITUTO

                                                                                     EFFERVESCENTI" 30 COMPRESSE                                                                               FARMACOBIOLOGIC

                                                                                     EFFERVESCENTI                                                                                                                   O MALESCI S.P.A.    

 

 


Nota 78

Colliri anti-glaucoma:

-     apraclonidina

-     brimonidina

-     brinzolamide

-     dorzolamide

-     latanoprost

-     travoprost

-     bimatoprost

 

-     dorzolamide + timololo

-     latanoprost + timololo

La prescrizione a carico del SSN, su diagnosi e piano terapeutico di strutture specialistiche delle Aziende Sanitarie, è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

 

in monoterapia:

-          nel trattamento del glaucoma in pazienti per i quali i b-bloccanti sono inefficaci o controindicati;

 

in associazione:

-          nei pazienti per cui la monoterapia risulti terapeuticamente insufficiente.

 

Il trattamento a base di b-bloccanti va considerato di prima scelta, seguito, ove necessario, dalla monoterapia con uno dei principi attivi elencati e/o dalla terapia associata.

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

La moderna strategia della terapia del glaucoma cronico semplice ad angolo aperto, come suggerita dall’European Glaucoma Society (EGS), prevede l’impiego di un farmaco in monoterapia per il raggiungimento della target pressure individuata per ciascun paziente. Se il primo farmaco usato non è efficace nel ridurre la pressione intraoculare o se non è tollerato, si sostituisce con un altro farmaco. Se invece il primo farmaco è ben tollerato ed efficace, ma non sufficiente a raggiungere la target pressure, le linee guida prevedono l’aggiunta di un altro farmaco a quello in uso. Questi concetti sono ribaditi anche nelle linee-guida dell’American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO).

Inoltre, nel proseguimento con la terapia, in caso di progressione dei danni al nervo ottico ed al campo visivo la target pressure dovrebbe essere rivalutata; ulteriori aggiustamenti della target pressure potrebbero essere presi in considerazione se il paziente è rimasto stabile per almeno cinque anni o in presenza di effetti collaterali.

 

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              APRACLONIDINA                                                                   S01EA03

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   IOPIDINE                                                             SOLUZ OFTAL STERILE 0,5% 5ML                                            29823010                ALCON ITALIA SPA

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              BIMATOPROST                                                                        S01EX49 

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   LUMIGAN                                                            COLLIRIO, SOLUZIONE 1 FLACONE 3                                   35447010                ALLERGAN

                                                                                     ML                                                                                                                                                PHARMACEUTICAL

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            (IRELAND) LTD        

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              BRIMONIDINA                                                                        S01EA05 

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ALPHAGAN                                                       1 FLAC. GOCCE OFTALMICHE 0,2% 5                                     33490020                ALLERGAN S.P.A.   

                                                                                     ML                                                                                                                                                                                  

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              BRINZOLAMIDE                                                                     S01EC04 

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   AZOPT                                                                   10 MG/ML COLLIRIO SOSPENSIONE 1                                  34770014                ALCON

                                                                                     FLACONE (LDPE) 5 ML USO OCULARE                                                                   LABORATORIES

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            (UK) LTD.                 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              DORZOLAMIDE                                                                       S01EC03

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   TRUSOPT                                                              SOLUZIONE OFTALMICA 2% 5 ML IN                                     31848017                MERCK SHARP E

                                                                                     CONTENITORE OCUMETER PLUS                                                                               DOHME (ITALIA)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              DORZOLAMIDE/TIMOLOLO                                                S01EC03

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   COSOPT                                                                COLLIRIO SOLUZIONE 2%+0,5% 1                                            34242014                MERCK SHARP E

                                                                                     FLACONE 5 ML CON DOSATORE                                                                                 DOHME (ITALIA)

                                                                                     OCTOMER PLUS                                                                                                                    S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              LATANOPROST *                                                                     S01EX03

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   XALATAN                                                            1 FLACONE GOCCE OFTALMICHE                                          33219015                PHARMACIA ITALIA

                                                                                     0,005% 2,5 ML                                                                                                                          S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              LATANOPROST/TIMOLOLO *                                               S01EX 

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   XALACOM                                                           1 FLACONE LPDL DI GOCCE                                                      35402015                PHARMACIA ITALIA

                                                                                     OFTALIMICHE DA 2,5 ML                                                                                                 S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              TRAVOPROST                                                                           S01EX49 

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   TRAVATAN                                                         40 MCG/ML COLLLIRIO SOLUZIONE 1                                  35409010                ALCON

                                                                                     FLACONE 2,5 ML                                                                                                                  LABORATORIES

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            (UK) LTD.                 

 


Nota 79

Bifosfonati:

-     ac. alendronico

-     ac. risedronico

 

-     raloxifene

 
La prescrizione a carico del SSN per il trattamento delle lesioni osteoporotiche è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

 

-          profilassi secondaria di fratture osteoporotiche in donne in post-menopausa con pregresse fratture vertebrali [riduzione 4 mm o più (15%) dell’altezza globale del corpo vertebrale] o del femore non dovute a traumi efficienti:

               ac. alendronico, ac. risedronico, raloxifene;

 

-          profilassi secondaria di fratture osteoporotiche in uomini con pregresse fratture vertebrali [riduzione 4 mm o più (15%) dell’altezza globale del corpo vertebrale] o del femore non dovute a traumi efficienti:

               ac. alendronico;

 

-          profilassi secondaria di fratture osteoporotiche in donne o uomini in trattamento da almeno 3 mesi con dosi > 5 mg/die di prednisone o dosi equivalenti di altri corticosteroidi, con pregresse fratture vertebrali [riduzione 4 mm o più (15%) dell’altezza globale del corpo vertebrale] o del femore non dovute a traumi efficienti:

               ac. alendronico, ac. risedronico;

 

-          profilassi primaria di fratture osteoporotiche in donne in menopausa o uomini di età > 50 aa in trattamento da almeno 3 mesi con dosi > 5 mg/die di prednisone o dosi equivalenti di altri corticosteroidi:

               ac. alendronico, ac. risedronico.

 

In tutte le indicazioni è raccomandata la somministrazione associata di calcio e vitamina D. Va, inoltre, sottolineata la necessità di effettuare un adeguato esercizio fisico e di modificare le condizioni ambientali ed individuali favorenti i traumi per la prevenzione delle fratture. Non deve essere dimenticato, infine, che tutti e tre i principi attivi non sono privi di effetti collaterali anche gravi, dei quali bisogna tenere conto nella valutazione complessiva della terapia.

La prescrizione dei bifosfonati e raloxifene non è rimborsata dal SSN per altre indicazioni autorizzate.

 

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

-      Profilassi secondaria di fratture osteoporotiche in donne in  post-menopausa.

Per ognuno dei tre farmaci è documentata l'efficacia nel ridurre l’incidenza di fratture post-menopausali (1-8). L’entità di questo effetto, espressa nel numero di donne da trattare per 3 anni per evitare una frattura vertebrale (Number Needed to Treat, NNT), è compresa fra 10 e 20; l'effetto è più modesto per le fratture non vertebrali e per quelle del femore. L'utilità di questi farmaci per la prevenzione di fratture in donne con osteoporosi ma senza fratture pregresse è fortemente limitata dalla minore frequenza di fratture (NNT~100) e dalle riserve sull'accuratezza della densitometria minerale ossea come singolo indicatore del rischio di fratture (9-11). Va ricordato inoltre che per la prevenzione delle fratture, e particolarmente quelle del femore, sono necessari anche provvedimenti non farmacologici, come l'esercizio fisico, un ambiente che minimizzi il rischio di traumi (12, 13) ed un adeguato apporto dietetico di calcio e vitamina D.

-      Profilassi secondaria di fratture osteoporotiche in uomini.

L'efficacia è stata valutata in un trial controllato e randomizzato per il solo alendronato (14), al quale pertanto si riferisce la nota. Il numero dei pazienti del trial (241) non era calcolato per valutare gli effetti del trattamento sulle fratture osteoporotiche. L’efficacia per la prevenzione delle fratture è quindi in parte surrogata dai dati sulla massa ossea.

-      Profilassi secondaria di fratture osteoporotiche in donne o uomini trattati per più di 3 mesi con più di 5 mg/die di prednisone.

Effetti favorevoli dei bifosfonati sulla densità minerale ossea sono stati rilevati in più trial randomizzati. L'efficacia per la prevenzione delle fratture vertebrali (ma non delle fratture non vertebrali) è stata dimostrata in un trial randomizzato per il risedronato (15) e ,più recentemente, per l'alendronato (16), mentre un trial con etidronato (17) aveva ottenuto una riduzione di fratture statisticamente non significativa. In questi e in altri studi, l'esposizione ai corticosteroidi, che induce il rischio di osteoporosi clinicamente significativa e di conseguenti fratture osteoporotiche, è generalmente stimata in 7,5 mg/die o più di prednisone o equivalenti per 6 o più mesi. È importante l'osservazione che gli effetti favorevoli dei bifosfonati sulle fratture e sulla densità minerale ossea sono più evidenti nelle donne in post-menopausa.

 

Mentre alendronato e risedronato appartengono entrambi alla classe dei bifosfonati, il raloxifene è un modulatore dei recettori estrogenici. Esso associa agli effetti sull’osso quello di ridurre fattori aterogeni come il colesterolo e le lipoproteine LDL (4-6); non è ancora noto se quest’effetto su indicatori biochimici si traduca in una riduzione di eventi cardiovascolari (infarto del miocardio, altri).

I tre farmaci della nota non sono privi di effetti indesiderati: l’alendronato può causare o accentuare esofagite (18,19) particolarmente in donne con reflusso gastro-esofageo o alterata motilità esofagea o che assumono FANS o che sono incapaci di seguire le raccomandazioni del foglietto illustrativo (compressa presa a digiuno con abbondante acqua, posizione eretta o seduta per almeno trenta minuti). Secondo i dati riportati in alcuni piccoli trial pubblicati in abstract e un trial comparativo su 515 donne (20), il risedronato risulterebbe meglio tollerato. È tuttavia necessario tener presente che i danni esofagei da alendronato non emergono dai trial, ma dalla più estesa e meno controllata esperienza post-commercializzazione. Gli effetti indesiderati del raloxifene sono correlati al suo meccanismo d’azione: effetti minori sono le vampate di calore, crampi alle gambe, edema periferico. L’effetto indesiderato più serio, peraltro comune agli estrogeni, è rappresentato dall’incidenza di tromboembolia venosa, che era dell’1% nelle donne trattate e dello 0,3% nelle donne che ricevevano un placebo (4, 5).

 

Bibliografia

1. Black DM, et al. Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. Lancet 1996;348:1535-41.

2. Eastell R. Drug Therapy: treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1998;338:736-46.

3. Harris ST, et al. Effects of risedronate treatment on vertebral and non vertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. JAMA 1999;282:1344-52.

4. Ettinger B, et al. Reduction of vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with raloxifene: results from a 3-year randomized clinical trial. JAMA 1999;282:637-45.

5. Mc Clung M. Therapy for fracture prevention. JAMA 1999;282:687-9.

6. Khovidhunkit W, et al. Clinical effects of raloxifene hydrochloride in women. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:431-9.

7. McClung M, et al. Effect of risedronate on hip fracture risk in elderly women. Hip Intervention Program Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:333-40

8. Reginster J, et al. Randomized trial of the effects of risedronate on vertebral fractures in women with established postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteop Intern 2000;11:83-91.

9. Willkin T. Changing perceptions in osteoporosis. BMJ 1999;318:862-5.

10. De Laet CE, et al. Bone density and risk of hip fracture in men and women: cross sectional analysis. BMJ 1997;315:221-5.

11. Marshall D, et al. Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures. BMJ 1996;312:1254-9.

12. Tinetti ME, et al. A multifactorial intervention to reduce the risk of falling among elderly people living in the community. N Engl J Med 1994;331:821-7.

13. Keen RW. Effects of lifestyle interventions on bone health. Lancet 1999;354:1923-4.

14. Orwoll E, et al. Alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis in men. N Engl J Med 2000;343:604-10.

15. Wallach S, et al. Effects of risedronate treatment on bone density and vertebral fracture in patients on corticosteroid therapy. Calc Tissue Int 2000;67:277-85.

16. Adachi JD, et al. Two-year effects of alendronate on bone mineral density and fracture in patients on glucocorticoids. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2001,44: 202-11.

17. Adachi JD, et al. Intermittent etidronate therapy to prevent corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1997;337:382-7.

18. De Groen PC, et al. Esophagitis associated with the use of alendronate. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1016-21.

19. Mackay FJ, et al. for the Drug Safety Research Unit, Southampton. United Kingdom experience with alendronate and esophageal reactions. Br J Gen Pract 1998;48:1161-2.

20. Lanza FL, et al. Endoscopic comparison of esophageal and gastroduodenal effects of risedronate and alendronate in postmenopausal women. Gastroenterology 2000;119:631-8.

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              ACIDO ALENDRONICO                                                         M05BA04

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ADRONAT                                                           "70" 4 COMPRESSE IN BLISTER AL/AL                                   29053079                NEOPHARMED SPA

                                                                                     DA 70 MG                                                                                                                                                                    

   ADRONAT                                                           "10 MG COMPRESSE" 14 COMPRESSE                                    29053030                NEOPHARMED SPA

   ALENDROS                                                         "10MG COMPRESSE" 14 COMPRESSE                                     29051036                ABIOGEN PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ALENDROS                                                         "70" 4 COMPRESSE BLISTER AL/AL DA                                 29051075                ABIOGEN PHARMA

                                                                                      70 MG                                                                                                                                         S.P.A.                       

 

   DRONAL                                                              "10 MG COMPRESSE" 14 COMPRESSE                                    29054032                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   DRONAL                                                              "70" 4 COMPRESSE IN BLISTER AL/AL                                   29054071                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                     DA 70 MG                                                                                                                                  INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   FOSAMAX                                                            "70" 4 COMPRESSE IN BLISTER AL/AL                                   29052077                MERCK SHARP E

                                                                                     DA 70 MG                                                                                                                                  DOHME (ITALIA)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   FOSAMAX                                                            "10 MG COMPRESSE" 14 COMPRESSE                                    29052038                MERCK SHARP E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            DOHME (ITALIA)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   GENALEN                                                           "70" 4 COMPRESSE IN BLISTER AL/AL                                   34172054                ISTITUTO GENTILI

                                                                                     DA 70 MG                                                                                                                                  S.P.A.                       

   GENALEN                                                           "10 MG COMPRESSE" 14 COMPRESSE                                    34172015                ISTITUTO GENTILI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              ACIDO RISEDRONICO *                                                       M05BA 

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ACTONEL                                                            4 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                      34568105                PROCTER &

                                                                                     DA 35 MG IN BLISTER PVC/AL                                                                                      GAMBLE S.R.L.        

   ACTONEL                                                            5 MG COMPRESSE FILMRIVESTITE 28                                    34568030                PROCTER &

                                                                                     (2X14) COMPRESSE IN BLISTER                                                                                    GAMBLE S.R.L.        

   OPTINATE                                                           4 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                      34570109                GRUPPO LEPETIT

                                                                                     DA 35 MG IN BLISTER PVC/AL                                                                                      SPA                          

   OPTINATE                                                           5 MG COMPRESSE FILMRIVESTITE 28                                    34570034                GRUPPO LEPETIT

                                                                                     (2X14) COMPRESSE IN BLISTER                                                                                    SPA                          

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              RALOXIFENE                                                                           G03XC01  

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   EVISTA                                                                  60 MG COMPRESSE LACCATE                                                   34153027                ELI LILLY

                                                                                     BLISTER 28 COMPRESSE USO ORALE                                                                       NEDERLAND BV     

   EVISTA                                                                  60 MG COMPRESSE LACCATE                                                   34153015                ELI LILLY

                                                                                     BLISTER 14 COMPRESSE USO ORALE                                                                       NEDERLAND BV     

   OPTRUMA                                                           60 MG COMPRESSE LACCATE                                                   34154017                ELI LILLY

                                                                                     BLISTER 14 COMPRESSE                                                                                                  NEDERLAND BV     

   OPTRUMA                                                           60 MG COMPRESSE LACCATE                                                   34154029                ELI LILLY

                                                                                     BLISTER 28 COMPRESSE                                                                                                  NEDERLAND BV     

 

 


Nota 79 bis

Ormoni paratiroidei:

-          teriparatide

La prescrizione a carico del SSN, su diagnosi e piano terapeutico, della durata di 6 mesi prolungabile di ulteriori periodi di 6 mesi per non più di altre due volte (per un totale complessivo di 18 mesi), di centri specializzati, Universitari o delle Aziende Sanitarie, individuate dalle Regioni e dalle Provincie autonome di Trento e Bolzano è limitata a pazienti che:

 

-          subiscono una ulteriore frattura vertebrale o di femore non dovuta a traumi efficienti in corso di trattamento consolidato, da almeno 1 anno con alendronato, risedronato e raloxifene.

 

 

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              TERIPARATIDE                                                                       H05AA  

   FARMACO                                   CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   FORSTEO                                                              SOLUZ. INIETT. SC 20 MCG/80MCL                                           035926017                                    ELI LILLY                                                                                                                                                             1 PENNA PRERIEMPITA 3 ML                                                                                                              NEDERLAND BV                                                                                                                                              

FORSTEO                                                                 SOLUZ. INIETT. SC 20 MCG/80MCL                                           035926029                                    ELI LILLY                                                                                                                                                             3 PENNE PRERIEMPITE 3 ML                                                                                                              NEDERLAND BV     

 


 Nota 82

Antileucotrienici:

-     montelukast

-     zafirlukast

La prescrizione a carico del SSN è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

 

-          nel trattamento di “seconda linea” dell’asma moderato persistente, in aggiunta agli steroidi per via inalatoria, quando questi non garantiscano un controllo adeguato della patologia, anche dopo associazione con b2 agonisti;

-          nella profilassi dell’asma da sforzo.

 

Quando gli steroidi risultino insufficienti è preferibile, piuttosto che aumentarne il dosaggio, aggiungere un farmaco di “seconda linea”. Tra questi la prima scelta è rappresentata dai b-2 agonisti a lunga durata d’azione, seguiti, come seconda scelta, dagli antileucotrienici.

 

Motivazioni e crìteri applicativi

Nei pazienti affetti da asma lieve-moderata persìstente non controllata da steroidi inalatori, è preferibile aggiungere un farmaco di seconda linea (beta-2 inalatori a lunga durata d'azione, teofillina o antagonisti dei leucotrieni) piuttosto che aumentare la dose di steroide inalatorio (1). Fra queste terapie di seconda linea, i beta-2 inalatori a lunga durata d'azione costituiscono i farmaci di prima scelta. Gli antagonisti dei leucotrieni costituiscono farmaci di seconda linea, da aggiungere quindi agli steroidi inalatori e ai b-2 stimolanti, quando tale associazione non sia sufficiente a controllare la sintomatologia o per mantenere il controllo con dosaggio ridotto di steroide inalatorio in pazienti con asma persistente di moderata entità (2-4).

Gli steroidi per via inalatoria sono i farmaci di prima linea e di prima scelta nel trattamento dell’asma lieve persistente, ma, quando inefficaci o non tollerati, possono essere sostituiti, come seconda scelta, dagli antagonisti dei leucotrieni. Questi ultimi invece sono sconsigliati nell'asma grave persistente in quanto non efficaci (5) e potenzialmente associati allo sviluppo di complicanze quali la sindrome di Churg-Strauss (6).

Gli antagonisti dei leucotrieni sono inoltre consigliati come farmaci di prima scelta nella profilassi dell'asma da sforzo in alternativa ai beta-2 stimolanti a breve o lunga durata d'azione  o ai cromoni (1, 7, 8).

 

Bibliografìa

1.        Global strategy for asthma management and prevention /NHLBI/WHO workshop report. Global Initiative for Asthma Update 2002 Global Initiative for Asthma, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. 2002. Document no. 02-3659. 2002.

2.        Price, DB, Hernandez D, Magyar P, Fiterman J, Beeh M, James IG, Konstantopoulos S, Rojas R, van Noord JA, Pons M, Gilles L, Leff JA. Randomised controlled trial of montelukast plus inhaled budesonide versus double dose inhaled budesonide in adult patients with asthma. Thorax 2003;58:211-6.

3.        Nelson HS, Busse WW, Kerwin E, Church N, Emmett A, Rickard K, Knobil K. Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol combination provides more effective asthma control than low-dose inhaled corticosteroid plus montelukast. J AÌlergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:1088-95.

4.        Bjermer L, Bisgaard H, Bousquet J, Fabbri LM, Greening AP, Haahtela T, Holgate ST, Picado C, Menten J, Dass SB, Leff JA, Polos PG. Montelukast and fluticasone compared with salmeterol and fluticasone in protecting against asthma exacerbation in adults: one year, doublé blind, randomised, comparative trial. BMJ 2003;327:891.

5.        Robinson DS, Campbell D, Barnes PJ. Addition of leukotriene antagonists to therapy in chronic persistent asthma: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2001;357:2007-11.

6.        Gross WL. Churg-Strauss syndrome: update on recent developments. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2002;14:11-4.

7.        Leff JA,. Busse WW, Pearlman D, Bronsky EA, Kemp J, Hendeles L, Dockhorn R, Kundu S, Zhang J,. Seidenberg BC, Reiss TF. Montelukast, a leukotriene-receptor antagonist, for the treatment of mild asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. N Engl J Med 1998; 339:147-52.

8.        Edelman JM, Turpin JA, Bronsky EA, Grossman J, Kemp IP, Ghannam AF, DeLucca PT, Gormley G.J, Pearlman DS. Oral montelukast compared wìth inhaled salmeterol to prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. A randomized, double-blind trial. Exercise Study Group Ann Intern Med 2000,132:97-104.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              MONTELUKAST *                                                                    R03DC03

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   LUKASM                                                              28 COMPRESSE MASTICABILI IN                                              34004059                ADDENDA PHARMA

                                                                                     BLISTER DA 4 MG CON CALENDARIO                                                                      S.R.L.                       

                                                                                     SETTIMANALE                                                                                                                                                         

   LUKASM                                                              BLISTER 28 COMPRESSE FILM                                                   34004010                ADDENDA PHARMA

                                                                                     RIVESTITE 10 MG                                                                                                                  S.R.L.                       

   LUKASM                                                              PEDIATRICO BLISTER 28                                                              34004022                ADDENDA PHARMA

                                                                                     COMPRESSE MASTICABILI 5 MG                                                                                 S.R.L.                       

   MONTEGEN                                                        PEDIATRICO BLISTER 28                                                              34003020                ISTITUTO GENTILI

                                                                                     COMPRESSE MASTICABILI 5 MG                                                                                 S.P.A.                       

   MONTEGEN                                                        28 COMPRESSE MASTICABILI DA 4 MG                                34003057                ISTITUTO GENTILI

                                                                                      IN BLISTER PVC/AL CON                                                                                                 S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     CALENDARIO SETTIMANALE                                                                                                                         

   MONTEGEN                                                        BLISTER 28 COMPRESSE FILM                                                   34003018                ISTITUTO GENTILI

                                                                                     RIVESTITE 10 MG                                                                                                                  S.P.A.                       

   SINGULAIR                                                         PEDIATRICO BLISTER 28                                                              34001026                MERCK SHARP E

                                                                                     COMPRESSE MASTICABILI 5 MG                                                                                 DOHME (ITALIA)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   SINGULAIR                                                         28 COMPRESSE MASTICABILI DA 4 MG                                34001053                MERCK SHARP E

                                                                                      IN BLISTER PVC/AL CON                                                                                                 DOHME (ITALIA)

                                                                                     CALENDARIO SETTIMANALE                                                                                       S.P.A.                       

   SINGULAIR                                                         "10 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                      34001014                MERCK SHARP E

                                                                                     FILM" 28 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        DOHME (ITALIA)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.       

 

LUKASM

28 BUSTINE DI GRANULATO DA 4 MG

 

034004212

ADDENDA PHARMA Srl

MONTEGEN

28 BUSTINE DI GRANULATO DA 4 MG

 

034003210

ISTITUTO GENTILI S.p.A.

SINGULAIR

28 BUSTINE DI GRANULATO DA 4 MG

 

034001216

MERCK SHARP & DOHME SpA

               

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              ZAFIRLUKAST *                                                                      R03DC01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ACCOLEIT                                                           "20MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                       31964012                ASTRAZENECA

                                                                                     FILM"  BLISTER 28 COMPRESSE                                                                                    S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     RIVESTITE CON FILM                                                                                                                                            

   ZAFIRST                                                                "20MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                       32957019                CHIESI

                                                                                     FILM" 28 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

 

 

 


Nota 83

Lacrime artificiali

La prescrizione a carico del SSN è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

 

-          trattamento sintomatico dei pazienti affetti da malattia di Sjögren o fenomeno di Sjögren (sindrome sicca in corso di patologia autoimmune), poiché non sono disponibili terapie a carattere curativo.

 

La prescrizione delle lacrime artificiali non è rimborsata dal SSN per altre indicazioni autorizzate.

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

La terapia della malattia di Sjögren o fenomeno di Sjögren (sindrome sicca in corso di patologia autoimmune) è attualmente solo sintomatica ed è diretta alla riduzione delle manifestazioni di insufficienza esocrina. La correzione della secchezza oculare può essere effettuata con sostanze di natura diversa, per le quali esista una dimostrazione clinica di efficacia.

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              CARBOMER                                                                              S01XA20

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   SICCAFLUID                                                       FLACONE GEL OFTALMICO 10 G 0,25%                                33816012                FARMILA-THEA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

 

 


Nota 84

Farmaci attivi sui virus erpetici:

-    aciclovir

-    brivudin

-    famciclovir

-    valaciclovir

La prescrizione a carico del SSN in soggetti immunocompetenti è limitata alle seguenti condizioni:

Virus Herpes Simplex:             -       trattamento delle infezioni genitali acute:

                                                           aciclovir, famciclovir, valaciclovir;

-          profilassi e trattamento delle recidive a localizzazione genitale:

                                                           aciclovir, famciclovir, valaciclovir;

-          cheratite erpetica:

                                                           aciclovir;

-          trattamento della stomatite in età pediatrica:

                                                           aciclovir.

 

Virus Varicella-Zoster:            -       trattamento della varicella:

                                                           aciclovir;

-          trattamento delle infezioni da H. Zoster cutaneo:

                                                           aciclovir, famciclovir, valaciclovir, brivudin.

 

La prescrizione dei farmaci attivi sui virus erpetici non è rimborsata dal SSN per altre indicazioni autorizzate nei pazienti immunocompetenti (v. Herpes Labialis).

 

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

La terapia dell'Herpes simplex a localizzazione genitale persegue essenzialmente quattro scopi:

·         ridurre la durata delle lesioni mucocutanee;

·         ridurre il dolore associato alle lesioni;

·         prevenire le complicanze (encefalite, radicolite);

·         ridurre lo shedding virale riducendo così la trasmissione.

L’aciclovir è il farmaco di riferimento per la terapia dell'Herpes simplex a localizzazione genitale, il primo ad essere introdotto negli anni ’80, con dimostrata superiorità sul placebo (1).

Valaciclovir e famciclovir sono farmaci più recenti, per i quali è dimostrata una efficacia pari all'aciclovir (2) in studi controllati comparativi con l'aciclovir stesso (mentre non esistono trial comparativi tra i due).

Gli schemi raccomandati di terapia sono:

prima infezione:

·         aciclovir: 400 mg x 3 / die per 7-10 gg;

·         valaciclovir: 500 mg x 2 / die per 7-10 gg;

·         famciclovir 250 mg x 3 / die per 7-10 gg;

 

recidive:

·         aciclovir: 400 mg x 3 / die per 5 gg;

·         valaciclovir: 500 mg x 2 / die per 3 gg (*);

·         famciclovir 250 mg x 2 / die per 5 gg.

 

(*) Un recente studio ha dimostrato l'equivalenza dei trattamenti per 3 vs 5 gg (3).

 

In modo analogo, esistono trial che dimostrano l’efficacia di aciclovir vs placebo per la profilassi delle recidive dell'Herpes genitale, così come l'equivalenza di valaciclovir e famciclovir con l’aciclovir (4). Gli scopi della profilassi dell'Herpes genitale sono:

·         ridurre il numero delle recidive;

·         ridurre la severità delle recidive;

·         migliorare la salute psico-sociale del soggetto affetto;

·         ridurre lo shedding virale asintomatico riducendo così la trasmissione (fino all'80% delle nuove infezioni erpetiche sono acquisite da fonte asintomatica).

 

Gli schemi raccomandati di profilassi sono (in genere per 9 mesi, ripetibile):

·         aciclovir: 400 mg x 2 / die;

·         valaciclovir: 500-1000 mg / die;

·         famciclovir 250 mg x 2 / die.

Il vantaggio di famciclovir e valaciclovir rispetto ad aciclovir è nella posologia, con un minor numero di assunzioni giornaliere e/o giorni di trattamento.

 

Per quanto concerne la terapia della varicella, l’aciclovir è il farmaco di riferimento, il primo ad essere introdotto negli anni ’80 (5). Non vi sono studi clinici controllati dell'equivalenza di valaciclovir e famciclovir con aciclovir. Questi ultimi due farmaci non sono autorizzati per il trattamento della varicella.

 

Per la terapia dell'Herpes zoster, invece, l'aciclovir non è più generalmente considerato il farmaco di riferimento, sebbene l'efficacia rispetto al placebo rimanga confermata (5). Valaciclovir risulta infatti più efficace di aciclovir nell’accorciamento della durata del dolore associato alle lesioni cutanee e nella riduzione della neurite post-erpetica (6).

Famciclovir è equivalente ad aciclovir in termini di risoluzione delle lesioni cutanee e del dolore associato (7).

Valaciclovir e famciclovir sono stati comparati tra loro e giudicati equivalenti nel tempo di risoluzione del dolore e nella prevenzione della neuropatia posterpetica in uno studio controllato (8).

Brivudin è una analogo nucleosidico pirimidinico (a differenza di aciclovir che è un analogo nucleosidico purinico) registrato per la sola indicazione dell'infezione da Herpes Zoster.

Gli studi registrativi di Brivudin dimostrano una riduzione statisticamente significativa (da 17 a 13 ore rispetto all’aciclovir) del tempo di eruzione di nuove lesioni vescicolose da VZV (9). Il tempo di crostizzazione delle lesioni e di scomparsa del dolore associato alla fase acuta sono simili per brivudin e aciclovir. È, inoltre, suggerita la possibile riduzione dell’incidenza (ma non della durata) delle lesioni vescicolose. Uno studio ha dimostrato una riduzione statisticamente significativa della neurite post-erpetica (PHN) in soggetti trattati con brivudin vs aciclovir (10).

Gli schemi raccomandati di terapia sono:

·         aciclovir: 800 mg x 5 / die;

·         valaciclovir: 1000 mg x 3 / die;

·         famciclovir 250 - 500 mg x 3 / die;

·         brivudin 125 mg x 1 / die.

 

La gengivostomatite erpetica è la più comune manifestazione clinica dell'infezione primaria da HSV-1 in età pediatrica. Sebbene si tratti di una malattia autolimitantesi, essa ha un decorso di 10-14 giorni e determina difficoltà alla alimentazione e reidratazione che spesso conducono all'ospedalizzazione. In uno studio controllato in bambini di età compresa fra 1 e 6 anni il trattamento con aciclovir ha dimostrato più precoce scomparsa delle lesioni e dei sintomi, riduzione del tempo di viral shedding, basso tasso di ricorrenze, assenza di eventi avversi rispetto al placebo (11).

 

 

Bibliografia

1         Withley RJ, et al. Acyclovir: a decade later. N Engl J Med 1992;327:782 – 9.

2         Wald A. New therapies and prevention strategies for genital herpes. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28(Suppl1):S4–S13.

3         Leone PA, Trottier S, Miller JM. Valacyclovir for episodic treatment of genital herpes: a shorter 3-day treatment course compared with 5-day treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;3:958-62.

4         Mertz GJ, et al. Oral famciclovir for suppression of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infection in women. A multicenre, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:343–9.

5         Cohen JI, et al. Recent advances in varicella zoster virus infection: Ann Intern Med 1999; 130:922–32

6         Beutner KR, et al. Valaciclovir compared with acyclovir for improved therapy for herpes zoster in immunocompetent adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995;39:1546–53.

7         Degreef H. Famciclovir, a new oral anti-herpes drug: results of the first controlled clinical study demonstrating its efficacy and safety in the treatment of uncomplicated herpes zoster in immunocompetent patients. Int J Antimicrob Agents 1994;4:241–6.

8         Tyring SK, et al. Randomised, controlled clinica trial on valaciclovir and famciclovir therapy in immunocompetent patients 50 years and older. Arch Fam Med 2000;9:863–9.

9         Wassilew SW, Wutzler P; Brivudin Herpes Zoster Study Group. Oral brivudin in comparison with acyclovir for improved therapy of herpes zoster in immunocompetent patients: results of a randomized, double-blind, multicentered study. Antiviral Res. 2003;59:49-56.

10      Wassilew SW, Wutzler P; Brivudin Herpes Zoster Study Group. Oral brivudin in comparison with acyclovir for herpes zoster: a survey study on postherpetic neuralgia. Antiviral Res. 2003 ;59:57-60.

11      Amir J, et al. Treatment of HSV gengivostomatitis with acyclovir in children: a randomised double trial blind placebo controlled study. BMJ 1997; 314:1800-3.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

PRINCIPIO ATTIVO                 ACICLOVIR *                                                                            J05AB01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ACICLIN                                                               "400 MG COMPRESSE" 25 COMPRESSE                                  28614055                FIDIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   ACICLIN                                                               "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  28614081                FIDIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   ACICLIN                                                               " 800 MG GRANULATO PER                                                         28614131                FIDIA

                                                                                     SOSPENSIONE ORALE " 35 BUSTINE                                                                         FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   ACICLIN                                                               " 8 % SOSPENSIONE ORALE "                                                      28614129                FIDIA

                                                                                     FLACONE DA 100 ML                                                                                                         FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA          

   ACICLOVIR                                                         25 CPR 400 MG                                                                                    32927030                ALLEN S.P.A.

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "800 MG" BLISTER 35 COMPRESSE 800                                  28467064                DOROM S.R.L.          

                                                                                      MG USO ORALE                                                                                                                                                     

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  33482047                ABC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "8% SOSPENSIONE ORALE" FLACONE                                  33731035                GNR SPA                 

                                                                                     100 ML                                                                                                                                                                          

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "8% SOSPENSIONE ORALE" FLACONE                                  33429022                PLIVA PHARMA

                                                                                     DA 100 ML SOSPENSIONE ORALE                                                                              S.P.A.      

   ACICLOVIR                                                         35 CPR 800 MG                                                                                    32927055                ALLEN S.P.A.

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  33410046                ALTERNA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.       

    ACICLOVIR                                                        1 FLAC SOSP ORALE 100 ML                                                      32927067                ALLEN S.P.A.

            

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "8% SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 1                                                     32307035                EG S.P.A.                 

                                                                                     FLACONE 100 ML                                                                                                                                                   

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "8% SOSPENSIONE ORALE" FLACONE                                  34738056                MERCK GENERICS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIA S.P.A.          

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  33551072                DOC GENERICI SRL

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  33731050                GNR SPA                 

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "8 G/ML SOSPENSIONE ORALE"1                                             28920027                BENEDETTI S.P.A. 

                                                                                     FLACONE 100 ML                                                                                                                                                   

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  34904033                HEXAL S.P.A.          

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  32307086                EG S.P.A.                 

   ACICLOVIR                                                         1 FLAC. SCIROPPO 100 ML 8%                                                    28467049                DOROM S.R.L.          

   ACICLOVIR                                                         25 COMPRESSE 400 MG                                                                 28467037                DOROM S.R.L.          

   ACICLOVIR                                                         25 COMPRESSE 400 MG                                                                 33551021                DOC GENERICI SRL

   ACICLOVIR                                                         FLACONE 100 ML SOSPENSIONE                                            33551060                DOC GENERICI SRL

                                                                                     ORALE 8%                                                                                                                                                                  

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  34738043                MERCK GENERICS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIA S.P.A.          

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "400 MG COMPRESSE" 25 COMPRESSE                                  33731011                GNR SPA                 

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  33429046                PLIVA PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ACICLOVIR                                                         " 800 MG COMPRESSE " 35                                                            33066073                TEVA PHARMA

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            ITALIA S.R.L.           

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "200 MG COMPRESSE" 25 COMPRESSE                                  33066010                TEVA PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIA S.R.L.           

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "200 MG COMPRESSE" BLISTER 25                                           32307011                EG S.P.A.                 

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                                              

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "200" ASTUCCIO 25 COMPRESSE USO                                    33410010                ALTERNA

                                                                                     ORALE 200 MG                                                                                                                      FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "250 MG POLVERE PER SOLUZIONE                                      28920015                BENEDETTI S.P.A. 

                                                                                     INIETTABILE PER USO                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                     ENDOVENOSO"3 FLACONCINI                                                                                                                       

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "250 MG POLVERE PER SOLUZIONE                                      32307062                EG S.P.A.                 

                                                                                     INIETTABILE"1 FIALA IV                                                                                                                                    

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "8 %  SOSPENSIONE  ORALE"                                                      33066046                TEVA PHARMA

                                                                                     FLACONE DA 100 ML                                                                                                         ITALIA S.R.L.           

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "400 MG COMPRESSE" 25 COMPRESSE                                  32809028                RATIOPHARM GMBH

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "400 MG COMPRESSE" 25 COMPRESSE                                  34738031                MERCK GENERICS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIA S.P.A.          

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "400 MG COMPRESSE" 25 COMPRESSE                                  34904021                HEXAL S.P.A.          

 

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "400 MG COMPRESSE" BLISTER 25                                           32307023                EG S.P.A.                 

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                                              

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "400 MG COMPRESSE"25 COMPRESSE                                   28920039                BENEDETTI S.P.A. 

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "400 MG/5 ML SOSPENSIONE ORALE"                                   34904045                HEXAL S.P.A.          

                                                                                     FLACONE 100 ML                                                                                                                                                   

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "400 MG/5 ML SOSPENSIONE ORALE"                                   33482023                ABC

                                                                                     FLACONE DA 100 ML                                                                                                         FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                        

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "400"ASTUCCIO 25 COMPRESSE USO                                     33410022                ALTERNA

                                                                                     ORALE 400 MG                                                                                                                      FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   ACICLOVIR                                                         "400 MG  COMPRESSE" 25                                                             33066022                TEVA PHARMA

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            ITALIA S.R.L.           

   ACICLOVIR IDI                                                  "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  31117068                IDI FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                      DIVISIBILI                                                                                                                                S.R.L.                       

   ACICLOVIR IDI                                                  "800 MG/10 ML SOSPENSIONE ORALE"                                31117056                IDI FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     FLACONE 100 ML                                                                                                                 S.R.L.                        

   ACICLOVIR RECORDATI                              "250 MG POLVERE PER SOLUZIONE                                      33672027                RECORDATI

                                                                                     INIETTABILE"5 FIALE IV                                                                                                   INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHIMICA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA S.P.A.

   ACICLOVIR TS                                                   "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  35005014                FARMACEUTICI T.S.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             S.R.L.                      

   ACY                                                                        "400MG COMPRESSE" 25 COMPRESSE                                   28231013                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ECOBI SAS              

   ACYVIR                                                                 "200 MG COMPRESSE" 25 COMPRESSE                                  26121044                GLAXO ALLEN S.P.A

   ACYVIR                                                                 "400 MG COMPRESSE" 25 COMPRESSE                                  26121069                GLAXO ALLEN

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ACYVIR                                                                 "400 MG/5 ML SOSPENSIONE                                                     26121083                GLAXO ALLEN

                                                                                     ORALE"FLACONE 100 ML                                                                                               S.P.A.                       

   ACYVIR                                                                 "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  26121107                GLAXO ALLEN

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ALOVIR                                                                 25 COMPRESSE 400 MG                                                                 28402016                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CABER S.P.A.         

   ALOVIR                                                                 "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  28402055                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CABER S.P.A.         

   AMODIVYR                                                         "8 % SOSPENSIONE ORALE" FLACONE                                 33471020                COPERNICO S.R.L. 

                                                                                     DA 100 ML                                                                                                                                                                  

   AMODIVYR                                                         "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  33471018                COPERNICO S.R.L. 

   AVIRASE                                                              "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  27194063                LAMPUGNANI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   AVIRASE                                                              25 COMPRESSE 400 MG                                                                 27194048                LAMPUGNANI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SPA                          

   AVIX                                                                       "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  28619031                I.BIR.N -ISTITUTO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOTERAPICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAZIONALE S.R.L.  

 

   AVYCLOR                                                            FLACONE 100 ML SOSPENSIONE                                            28516108                FARMA UNO S.R.L.  

                                                                                     ORALE 8%                                                                                                                                                                  

   AVYCLOR                                                            " 800 MG COMPRESSE" 35                                                             28516110                FARMA UNO S.R.L.  

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                                                              

   AVYCLOR                                                            "800" ASTUCCIO 25 COMPRESSE                                               28516096                FARMA UNO S.R.L.  

                                                                                     DIVISIBILI 800 MG                                                                                                                                                  

   AVYCLOR                                                            25 COMPRESSE 200 MG                                                                 28516060                FARMA UNO S.R.L.  

   AVYCLOR                                                            25 COMPRESSE400 MG                                                                  28516072                FARMA UNO S.R.L.  

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

   AVYPLUS                                                            "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  31846049                EPIFARMA S.R.L     

   AVYPLUS                                                            1 FLAC. SOSPENSIONE OS 8% 100 ML                                    31846025                EPIFARMA S.R.L     

   CITIVIR                                                                  "400 MG COMPRESSE"25 COMPRESSE                                   28528026                LABORATORIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C.T. S.R.L.               

   CITIVIR                                                                  "400 MG/5 ML SOSPENSIONE ORALE"1                                28528038                LABORATORIO

                                                                                     FLACONE 100 ML                                                                                                                 FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C.T. S.R.L.               

   CITIVIR                                                                  "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  28528077                LABORATORIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C.T. S.R.L.               

   CYCLOVIRAN                                                    "200 MG COMPRESSE"25 COMPRESSE                                   25299052                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   CYCLOVIRAN                                                    "400 MG COMPRESSE"25 COMPRESSE                                   25299076                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   CYCLOVIRAN                                                    "400 MG/5 ML SOSPENSIONE                                                     25299088                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                     ORALE"FLACONE 100 ML                                                                                               INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA           

   CYCLOVIRAN                                                    "800 MG COMPRESSE"35 COMPRESSE                                   25299126                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   DRAVYR                                                               "400 MG/5 ML SOSPENSIONE                                                     28242079                D.R. DRUG

                                                                                     ORALE"FLACONE 100 ML                                                                                               RESEARCH S.R.L.  

   DRAVYR                                                               "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  28242093                D.R. DRUG

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RESEARCH S.R.L.  

   DRAVYR                                                               25 COMPRESSE 200 MG                                                                 28242016                D.R. DRUG

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RESEARCH S.R.L.  

   DRAVYR                                                               25 COMPRESSE 400 MG                                                                 28242028                D.R. DRUG

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RESEARCH S.R.L.  

   EFRIVIRAL                                                          "400MG COMPRESSE" 25 COMPRESSE                                   27534054                AESCULAPIUS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI SRL

   EFRIVIRAL                                                          "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  27534128                AESCULAPIUS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI SRL

   EFRIVIRAL                                                          "400 MG/5 ML SOSPENSIONE ORALE"                                   27534116                AESCULAPIUS

                                                                                     FLACONE DA 100ML                                                                                                          FARMACEUTICI SRL

   EFRIVIRAL                                                          "200MG COMPRESSE" 25 COMPRESSE                                   27534015                AESCULAPIUS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI SRL

   ESAVIR                                                                  25 COMPRESSE 400 MG                                                                 28338022                LABORATORI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PRODOTTI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BONISCONTRO E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GAZZONE S.R.L.      

 

   ESAVIR                                                                  SOSPENSIONE 100 ML 8%                                                            28338059                LABORATORI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PRODOTTI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BONISCONTRO E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GAZZONE S.R.L.      

 

   ESAVIR                                                                  "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  28338046                LABORATORI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PRODOTTI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BONISCONTRO E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GAZZONE S.R.L.      

   FUVIRON                                                              "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  34455016                PROGE FARM S.R.L.

   ILIACLOR                                                            "8% SOSPENSIONE ORALE" FLACONE                                  34739058                DEPO-FARMA S.R.L.

   ILIACLOR                                                            "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  34739045                DEPO-FARMA S.R.L.

   IMMUNOVIR                                                       "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  34891034                P.R.C. SRL               

   IPAVIRAN                                                            "800 MG COMPRESSE"  35                                                             31836036                NCSN

                                                                                     COMPRESSE                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   IPSOVIR                                                                "800 MG COMPRESSE" TUBO 35                                                 33868011                IPSO PHARMA

                                                                                     COMPRESSE USO ORALE                                                                                                S.R.L.                       

   IPSOVIR                                                                "8%" SOSPENSIONE ORALE" 1                                                    33868023                IPSO PHARMA

                                                                                     FLACONE DA 100 ML                                                                                                         S.R.L.                       

   NECLOVIR                                                           "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  34604013                NEW RESEARCH

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   NEVIRAN                                                             "8 G/100 ML SOSPENSIONE"FLACONE                                  28425039                SO.SE.PHARM

                                                                                     100 ML                                                                                                                                        S.R.L. SOCIETA' DI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SERVIZIO PER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            L'INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA ED AFFINI

   NEVIRAN                                                             "800 MG COMPRESSE" 25 COMPRESSE                                  28425066                SO.SE.PHARM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L. SOCIETA' DI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SERVIZIO PER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            L'INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA ED AFFINI

   NEVIRAN                                                             "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  28425078                SO.SE.PHARM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L. SOCIETA' DI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SERVIZIO PER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            L'INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICA ED AFFINI

   REXAN                                                                  "400MG/5ML SOSPENSIONE ORALE"                                     28468080                ISTITUTO CHIMICO

                                                                                     FLACONE 100ML                                                                                                                  INTERNAZIONALE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            DR.GIUSEPPE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RENDE S.R.L.          

   REXAN                                                                  "800MG COMPRESSE" 25 COMPRESSE                                   28468092                ISTITUTO CHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INTERNAZIONALE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            DR.GIUSEPPE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RENDE S.R.L.          

   REXAN                                                                  "400MG COMPRESSE" 25 COMPRESSE                                   28468054                ISTITUTO CHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INTERNAZIONALE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            DR.GIUSEPPE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RENDE S.R.L.          

   RIDUVIR                                                               25 COMPRESSE 400 MG                                                                 29072030                FRANCIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOLOGICA S.R.L.   

   SANAVIR                                                              "250 MG POLVERE PER SOLUZIONE                                      33209014                BIOLOGICI ITALIA

                                                                                     PER INFUSIONE ENDOVENOSA" 3                                                                              LABORATORIES

                                                                                     FLACONI                                                                                                                                   S.R.L.                       

   VORACLOR                                                         "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  33943010                LA.FA.RE. S.R.L.     

   ZOVIRAX                                                              "800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE                                  25298124                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ZOVIRAX                                                              "200 MG COMPRESSE" 25 COMPRESSE                                  25298050                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ZOVIRAX                                                              "400 MG COMPRESSE" 25 COMPRESSE                                  25298074                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ZOVIRAX                                                              "400 MG/5 ML SOSPENSIONE                                                     25298086                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                     ORALE"FLACONE 100 ML                                                                                               S.P.A.           

 

 

ACICLOVIR ALLEN

25 CPR 400 MG

 

032927030

ALLEN SpA

ACICLOVIR ALLEN

35 CPR 800 MG

 

032927055

ALLEN SpA

ACICLOVIR ALLEN

1 FLAC SOSP ORALE 100 ML

 

032927067

ALLEN SpA

ACICLOVIR RATIO.

"800 MG COMPRESSE" 35 COMPRESSE

 

033063025

RATIOPHARM ITALIA Srl

AVYSAL

"800 MG" ASTUCCIO 25 COMPRESSE

DIVISIBILI 800 MG USO ORALE

 

031117043

SELVI LABORAT.BIOTERAPICO SpA

CITIVIR

25 COMPRESSE 800 MG

 

028528065

C.T. LAB.FARMACEUTICO Srl

CYCLOVIRAN

IV 3 FLACONCINI LIOF 250 MG

 

025299013

SIGMATAU SpA

ILIACLOR

"400 MG COMPRESSE" 25 COMPRESSE

 

034739033

DEPO FARMA Srl

IPAVIRAN 800

"800" 25 COMPRESSE PER USO ORALE 800 MG

 

031836024

NCSN FARMACEUTICI Srl

ZOVIRAX

3 FIALE IV 250 MG

 

025298011

GLAXOSMITHKLINE SpA

 

 

 

 

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              BRIVUDIN *                                                                              J05AB 

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   BRIVIRAC                                                             7 COMPRESSE IN BLISTER PVC/AL                                         35720010                A.MENARINI

                                                                                     DA 125 MG                                                                                                                               INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE S.R.L.        

   ZECOVIR                                                               7 COMPRESSE IN BLISTER PVC/AL                                         35722014                LABORATORI

                                                                                     DA 125 MG                                                                                                                               GUIDOTTI S.P.A.     

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              FAMCICLOVIR *                                                                      J05AB09

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   FAMVIR                                                                 "250 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   29172018                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                     FILM" 21 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        S.P.A.                       

   FAMVIR                                                                 "500 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   29172057                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                     FILM" 21 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        S.P.A.    

 

ZIRAVIR

"250 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE

CON FILM" 21 COMPRESSE

 

029173010

 LPB IST.FARMACEUTICO SpA

ZIRAVIR

"500 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE

CON FILM" 21 COMPRESSE

 

029173059

 LPB IST.FARMACEUTICO SpA

                  

 

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              VALACICLOVIR                                                                        J05AB11

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   TALAVIR                                                              "1G COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                             29498021                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                     FILM" 21 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   TALAVIR                                                              "500MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                    29498019                SIGMA-TAU

                                                                                     FILM" 42 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE SPA          

   ZELITREX                                                             "500 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON                                   29503012                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                     FILM" 42 COMPRESSE                                                                                                        S.P.A.                       

   ZELITREX                                                             "1000 MG COMPRESSE RIVESTITE                                            29503024                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                    CON FILM" 21 COMPRESSE                                                                      S.P.A.                        

 


Nota 85

Farmaci per Alzheimer (inibitori dell’acetil-colinesterasi):

-    donepezil

-    galantamina

-    rivastigmina

 

La prescrizione a carico del SSN, su diagnosi e piano terapeutico delle Unità di Valutazione Alzheimer (UVA) individuate dalle Regioni e dalle Provincie Autonome di Trento e Bolzano, è limitata ai pazienti con malattia di Alzheimer di grado lieve e moderato.

 

Alle UVA è affidato il compito di effettuare o, eventualmente, confermare una diagnosi precedente e di stabilire il grado di severità in accordo alla scala MMSE.

 

Il piano terapeutico deve essere formulato sulla base della diagnosi iniziale di probabile demenza di Alzheimer di grado lieve-moderato.

 

La risposta clinica dovrà essere monitorata ad intervalli regolari dall’inizio della terapia:

 

·       a 1 mese, per la valutazione degli effetti collaterali e per l’aggiustamento del piano terapeutico;

·       a 3 mesi, per una prima valutazione della risposta e per il monitoraggio della tollerabilità: la rimborsabilità del trattamento oltre i tre mesi deve basarsi sul non peggioramento dello stato cognitivo del paziente valutato tramite MMSE ed esame clinico;

·       ogni 6 mesi per successive valutazioni della risposta e della tollerabilità.

 

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

La risposta clinica dovrà essere monitorata ad intervalli regolari :

·       a 1 mese, per la valutazione degli effetti collaterali e per l’aggiustamento del piano terapeutico;

·       a 3 mesi, per una prima valutazione della risposta e per il monitoraggio della tollerabilità; la decisione sulla eventuale prosecuzione del trattamento oltre i tre mesi dovrà essere basata sul non peggioramento dello stato cognitivo del paziente valutato tramite il MMSE e l’esame clinico; l’andamento clinico nei primi mesi di terapia è fortemente indicativo dell’andamento a più lungo termine; nell’ambito del progetto Cronos il 55% dei pazienti rispondenti a 3 mesi (intesi come coloro che hanno avuto una variazione del MMSE di almeno 2 punti) mantengono poi la risposta a 9 mesi, mentre solo il 6% dei pazienti non rispondenti a 3 mesi presenta successivamente una risposta a 9 mesi;

·       ripetuta ogni 6 mesi per successive valutazioni della risposta e della tollerabilità.

In aggiunta a ciò è opportuno ricordare che il trattamento deve essere interrotto nel caso di scarsa tollerabilità o scarsa compliance e in tutti i casi in cui, secondo il giudizio dell’unità valutativa, il beneficio clinico sia insufficiente per giustificare una continuazione della terapia. Il trattamento deve essere, comunque, interrotto quando il punteggio MMSE abbia raggiunto un valore uguale o inferiore a 10.

 

Le Unità di Valutazione Alzheimer dovranno garantire :

-          la capacità di valutare il paziente con disturbi cognitivo-comportamentali seguendo un percorso diagnostico strutturato;

-          la capacità di mantenere un contatto ed una interazione costante con il medico di Medicina Generale in modo da assicurare la continuità dell’assistenza sanitaria al paziente.

 

Criteri NINCDS-ADRDA per la diagnosi di probabile demenza di Alzheimer

a)       Criteri che devono essere presenti contemporaneamente:

·         demenza stabilita dall’esame clinico e documentata da test oggettivi (ad es. MMSE) e confermata dalla somministrazione di test neuropsicologici;

·         deficit in due o più funzioni cognitive;

·         progressivo deterioramento della memoria e di almeno un’altra funzione cognitiva;

·         nessun disturbo della coscienza;

·         comparsa tra i 40 e i 90 anni;

·         assenza di altre patologie del SNC o malattie sistemiche che possano causare demenza.

b)       Criteri a supporto della diagnosi:

·         progressivo deterioramento di specifiche funzioni cognitive quali linguaggio (afasia), capacità motoria (aprassia) e percezione (agnosia);

·         riduzione della indipendenza nello svolgimento delle attività quotidiane;

·         storia familiare di disturbi simili;

·         eventuale quadro di neuroimaging (ad es. atrofia cerebrale).

 

 

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              DONEPEZIL                                                                              N07AA05

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ARICEPT                                                               28 COMPRESSE FILM RIVESTITE 10                                         33254020                PFIZER ITALIA

                                                                                     MG                                                                                                                                                S.R.L.                       

   ARICEPT                                                               28 COMPRESSE FILM RIVESTITE 5 MG                                   33254018                PFIZER ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   MEMAC                                                                 28 COMPRESSE FILM RIVESTITE 10 MG                                33255023                BRACCO S.P.A.       

   MEMAC                                                                 28 COMPRESSE FILM RIVESTITE 5 MG                                   33255011                BRACCO S.P.A.       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              GALANTAMINA                                                                       N06DA04

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   REMINYL                                                             56 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    34752030                JANSSEN CILAG

                                                                                     DA 8MG IN BLISTER                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     (PVC-PE-PVDC/ALU)                                                                                                                                            

   REMINYL                                                             14 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    34752016                JANSSEN CILAG

                                                                                     DA 4MG IN BLISTER                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     (PVC-PE-PVDC/ALU)                                                                                                                                            

   REMINYL                                                             56 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    34752042                JANSSEN CILAG

                                                                                     DA 12MG IN BLISTER                                                                                                         S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     (PVC-PE-PVDC/ALU)                                                                                                                                            

   REMINYL                                                             56 COMPRESSE RIVESTITE CON FILM                                    34752081                JANSSEN CILAG

                                                                                     DA 4 MG IN BLISTER                                                                                                           S.P.A.                       

                                                                                     (PVC-PE-PVDC/ALU)                                                                                                                                            

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              RIVASTIGMINA                                                                       N07AA06

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   EXELON                                                               56 CAPSULE RIGIDE 6 MG                                                           34078117                NOVARTIS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            EUROPHARM LTD   

   EXELON                                                               56 CAPSULE RIGIDE 4,5 MG                                                        34078081                NOVARTIS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            EUROPHARM LTD   

   EXELON                                                               56 CAPSULE RIGIDE 1,5 MG                                                        34078028                NOVARTIS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            EUROPHARM LTD   

   EXELON                                                               56 CAPSULE RIGIDE 3 MG                                                           34078055                NOVARTIS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                     EUROPHARM LTD   

   PROMETAX                                                         1,5 MG 56 CAPSULE RIGIDE IN                                                  34318028                NOVARTIS

                                                                                     BLISTER USO ORALE                                                                                                         EUROPHARM LTD   

   PROMETAX                                                         3 MG 56 CAPSULE RIGIDE IN BLISTER                                  34318055                NOVARTIS

                                                                                     USO ORALE                                                                                                                             EUROPHARM LTD   

   PROMETAX                                                         4,5 MG 56 CAPSULE RIGIDE IN                                                  34318081                NOVARTIS

                                                                                     BLISTER USO ORALE                                                                                                         EUROPHARM LTD   

   PROMETAX                                                         6 MG 56 CAPSULE RIGIDE IN BLISTER                                  34318117                NOVARTIS

                                                                                     USO ORALE                                                                                                                             EUROPHARM LTD   

 

 

 


Nota 87

Antispastici urinari:

-    ossibutinina

 

 

La prescrizione a carico del SSN è limitata alla seguente condizione:

 

-          pazienti affetti da incontinenza urinaria, nei casi in cui il disturbo minzionale sia correlato a patologie del sistema nervoso centrale (es. ictus, morbo di Parkinson, traumi, tumori, spina bifida, sclerosi multipla).

 

La prescrizione dell’ossibutinina non è rimborsata dal SSN per altre indicazioni autorizzate.

 

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi

In condizioni normali, la minzione ha inizio per contrazione del muscolo detrusore della vescica, mediata dall'innervazione colinergica, cui segue un rilasciamento dello sfintere urinario. In caso di instabilità del detrusore, contrazioni involontarie della vescica causano pollachiuria, bisogno impellente di urinare e incontinenza.

L’ossibutinina è un farmaco anticolinergico utilizzato nel trattamento della vescica iperattiva. L’ossibutinina determina un rilasciamento della muscolatura liscia vescicale, sia per la sua attività antimuscarinica sia per un effetto diretto sulla muscolatura liscia.

Molti studi clinici hanno dimostrato la reale efficacia dell’ossibutinina nel controllo della iperattività detrusoriale, inclusa l’iperreflessia. Il farmaco, riducendo efficacemente la frequenza della minzione, diminuisce il numero degli episodi di incontinenza e incrementa la capacità della vescica. Thuroff, et al. (1) hanno raccolto 15 studi clinici controllati e randomizzati su un totale di 476 pazienti trattati con ossibutinina. La riduzione media dell’incontinenza urinaria osservata in tali soggetti è stata circa il 52% e la riduzione media relativa alla frequenza della minzione nelle 24 ore è stata circa il 33%. In tale studio la compliance dei pazienti è stata del 97% e la comparsa di effetti collaterali (prevalentemente secchezza delle fauci) è stata osservata solo dell’8% (2). L’efficacia dell’ossibutinina è stata dimostrata anche per somministrazione intravescicale (3).

 

 

Bibliografia

1.        Thuroff JW, Chartier-Kastler E, Corcus J, et al. Medical treatment and medical side effects in urinary incontinence in the elderly. World J Urol 1998;16 Suppl 1:S48.

2.        Amarenco G, Marquis P, McCarthy C, et al. Qualité de vie des femmes souffrant d'impériosité mictionelle avec ou sans fuites: étude prospective aprés traitement par oxybutinine (1701 cas). Presse Medicale 1998;27:5.

3.        Palmer LS, ZeboJd K, FirEt CF, et al. Complications of intravesical oxybutynin chloride therapy in the pediatric myelorneningocele population. J Urol 1997;157:638.

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              OXIBUTININA                                                                         G04BD04

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   OSSIBUTININA CLORIDRATO                   BLISTER 30 COMPRESSE 5 MG                                                   34261115                MERCK GENERICS

  MERCK GENERICS                                                                                                                               ITALIA S.P.A.          

 

 

 


Nota 88

Cortisonici per uso topico

 

La prescrizione a carico del SSN, su diagnosi dei centri specializzati, Universitari o delle Aziende Sanitarie, individuati dalle Regioni e dalle Provincie Autonome di Trento e Bolzano, è limitata alla seguente condizione:

 

-          pazienti affetti da patologie gravi e croniche (ad es. psoriasi, dermatite atopica).

 

 

 

SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              ALCINONIDE                                                                           D07AD02

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   HALCIDERM                                                      POMATA 30 G 0,1%                                                                           23163025                ROTTAPHARM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              ALCLOMETASONE *                                                              D07AB10

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   LEGEDERM                                                        "0,1% CREMA" TUBO 20 G                                                              25854011                SCHERING PLOUGH

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             SPA                         

   LEGEDERM                                                        "0,1% SOLUZIONE CUTANEA"                                                    25854136                SCHERING PLOUGH

                                                                                     FLACONE 20 G                                                                                                                        SPA                         

   LEGEDERM                                                        "0,1% UNGUENTO" TUBO 20 G                                                    25854074                SCHERING PLOUGH

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             SPA                         

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              BECLOMETASONE                                                                 D07AC15

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   CLENIDERM                                                       CREMA 30G 0,025%                                                                          22975039                CHIESI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   MENADERM                                                       "SIMPLEX" LOZIONE 30 G 0,025%                                             20883144                A.MENARINI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE S.R.L.        

   MENADERM                                                       "SIMPLEX" CREMA 30 G 0,025%                                                 20883120                A.MENARINI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDUSTRIE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICHE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIUNITE S.R.L.        

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              BETAMETASONE                                                                    D07AC01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   BETTAMOUSSE                                                 CONTENIT. SOTTO PRESS. 100 G                                               34226011                MIPHARM S.P.A.      

                                                                                     SCHIUMA CUTANEA 0,12%                                                                                                                               

   ECOVAL 70                                                         POMATA 30 G 0,1%                                                                           20423137                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ECOVAL 70                                                         UNGUENTO 30 G 0,1%                                                                    20423048                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ECOVAL 70                                                         LOZIONE 30 G 0,1%                                                                          20423087                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              BUDESONIDE                                                                          D07AC09

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   BIDIEN                                                                  "0,025% CREMA" TUBO 30 G                                                         26297010                IDI FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   BIDIEN                                                                  "0,025% SOLUZIONE                                                                        26297034                IDI FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                     CUTANEA"FLACONE 30 ML                                                                                           S.R.L.                       

   BIDIEN                                                                  "0,025% UNGUENTO"TUBO 30 G                                                26297022                IDI FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   PREFERID                                                            "0,025% CREMA" TUBO 30 G                                                         27779026                YAMANOUCHI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            EUROPE B.V.          

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              CLOBETASOLO                                                                        D07AD01

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   CLOBESOL                                                          "0,5 MG/G UNGUENTO"TUBO 30 G                                           23639040                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   CLOBESOL                                                          "0,5 MG/G CREMA"TUBO 30 G                                                     23639026                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   EUMOVATE                                                        "0,5 MG/G CREMA" TUBO 30 G                                                    24603019                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              DESAMETASONE                                                                    D07AB19

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   DERMADEX                                                        CREMA DERMATOLOGICA 30 G                                               22500019                TEOFARMA S.R.L.   

   SOLDESAM                                                         "0,2% UNGUENTO" TUBO 30 G                                                    19499060                LABORATORIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACOLOGICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MILANESE S.R.L.    

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              DESONIDE                                                                               D07AB08

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   RETICUS                                                               "0,05% SOLUZIONE CUTANEA"                                                  22668040                EURODERM R.D.C.

                                                                                     FLACONE 30 G                                                                                                                       S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              DESOSSIMETASONE                                                             D07AC03

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   FLUBASON                                                         15 BUSTINE MONODOSE EMULSIONE 2                              22864021                AVENTIS PHARMA

                                                                                      G                                                                                                                                                   S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              DIFLORASONE                                                                        D07AC10

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   DERMAFLOR                                                     CREMA 30 G                                                                                         25944012                NCSN

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.R.L.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              DIFLUCORTOLONE *                                                               D07AC06

   FARMACO                                                              CONFEZIONE                                                                                          AIC                        DITTA

   CORTICAL                                                           CREMA 0,2% 30 G                                                                              28318018                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CABER S.P.A.         

   CORTICAL                                                           POMATA 0,3% 20 G                                                                           28318020                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CABER S.P.A.         

   DERVIN                                                                 "0,3% CREMA" TUBO 30G                                                               28270066                LABORATORI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PRODOTTI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BONISCONTRO E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GAZZONE S.R.L.      

   NERISONA                                                          "0,1% SOLUZIONE CUTANEA"                                                    23722123                SCHERING SPA      

                                                                                     FLACONE 30 ML                                                                                                                                                     

   NERISONA                                                          "0,3 % CREMA IDROFOBA"TUBO 20 G                                     23722135                SCHERING SPA      

   NERISONA                                                          "0,3% UNGUENTO"TUBO 20 G                                                     23722147                SCHERING SPA      

   TEMETEX                                                             "0,3% POMATA" TUBO 20G                                                           23682115                ROCHE S.P.A.         

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              FLUMETASONE                                                                      D07AB03

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   LOCORTEN                                                         LOZIONE 30 ML 0,02%                                                                    20613030                NOVARTIS FARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                        

 

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              FLUOCINOLONE *                                                                    D07AC04

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ESACINONE                                                       POMATA 30 G                                                                                     21797030                LABORATORIO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ITALIANO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIOCHIMICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            FARMACEUTICO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            LISAPHARMA S.P.A.

   FLUOVITEF                                                         "0,025% CREMA" TUBO 30 G                                                         21822010                TEOFARMA S.R.L.   

   ULTRADERM                                                     POMATA 60 G 0,025%                                                                      22605036                FARMACEUTICI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ECOBI SAS              

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              FLUOCINONIDE                                                                     D07AC08

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   TOPSYN                                                                "15 MG/30 G LIQUIDO                                                                     22556068                TEOFARMA S.R.L.   

                                                                                     DERMATOLOGICO" FLACONE 30 ML                                                                                                          

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              FLUOCORTIN                                                                          D07AB04

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   VASPIT                                                                  "0,75 % CREMA" 1 TUBO DA 30 G                                               24490043                SCHERING SPA      

   VASPIT                                                                  "0,75% CREMA IDROFOBA" 1 TUBO DA                                 24490056                SCHERING SPA      

                                                                                     30 G                                                                                                                                                                                

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              FLUOCORTOLONE                                                                 D07AC05

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ULTRALAN                                                         "0,25%+ 0,25% EMULSIONE                                                          20910131                SCHERING SPA      

                                                                                     CUTANEA"FLACONE 30 ML                                                                                                                             

   ULTRALAN                                                         "0,25%+ 0,25% UNGUENTO"TUBO 30 G                                   20910105                SCHERING SPA      

   ULTRALAN                                                         "0,25%+ 0,25% CREMA"TUBO 30 G                                             20910067                SCHERING SPA       

   ULTRALAN                                                         "0,25%+ 0,25% CREMA                                                                     20910028                SCHERING SPA      

                                                                                     IDROFOBA"TUBO 30 G                                                                                                                                         

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              FLUTICASONE                                                                        D07AC17

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   FLIXODERM                                                       "0,05% CREMA"TUBO 30 G                                                            29014014                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   FLIXODERM                                                       "0,005% UNGUENTO" TUBO DA 30 G                                       29014038                GLAXOSMITHKLINE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              IDROCORTISONE                                                                   D07AB02

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   LOCOIDON                                                         "0,1 % CREMA" TUBO 30 G                                                             23325020                YAMANOUCHI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PHARMA S.P.A.       

   LOCOIDON                                                         "0,1% CREMA" TUBO 30 G                                                              23325057                YAMANOUCHI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PHARMA S.P.A.       

   LOCOIDON                                                         "0,1% SOLUZIONE CUTANEA"                                                    23325044                YAMANOUCHI

                                                                                     FLACONE 30 ML                                                                                                                   PHARMA S.P.A.       

   LOCOIDON                                                         "0,1% UNGUENTO" TUBO 30 G                                                    23325018                YAMANOUCHI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PHARMA S.P.A.       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              METILPREDNISOLONE *                                                        D07AC14

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ADVANTAN                                                        1 TUBO 20 G EMULSIONE                                                             28159059                SCHERING SPA      

   ADVANTAN                                                        UNGUENTO 20 G 0,1%                                                                    28159034                SCHERING SPA      

   ADVANTAN                                                        "0,1% CREMA" 1 TUBO DA 20 G                                                  28159010                SCHERING SPA      

   ADVANTAN                                                        SOLUZ DERMATOLOGICA 0,1% FLAC                                   28159046                SCHERING SPA      

                                                                                     20 ML                                                                                                                                                                            

   ADVANTAN                                                        POMATA 20 G 0,1%                                                                           28159022                SCHERING SPA      

   AVANCORT                                                         "0,1% CREMA" 1 TUBO DA 20 G                                                  28649046                POLIFARMA SPA     

   AVANCORT                                                         POMATA 20 G                                                                                     28649059                POLIFARMA SPA     

   AVANCORT                                                         UNGUENTO 20 G                                                                               28649061                POLIFARMA SPA     

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              MOMETASONE                                                                        D07AC13

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   ALTOSONE                                                         "0,1% CREMA"  TUBO 30 G                                                             27783012                ESSEX ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ALTOSONE                                                         "0,1% SOLUZIONE CUTANEA"                                                    27783036                ESSEX ITALIA

                                                                                     FLACONE 30 G                                                                                                                       S.P.A.                       

   ALTOSONE                                                         "0,1%  UNGUENTO" TUBO 30 G                                                   27783024                ESSEX ITALIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   ELOCON                                                               "0,1% SOLUZIONE CUTANEA"                                                    27341039                SCHERING PLOUGH

                                                                                     FLACONE 30 G                                                                                                                        SPA                         

   ELOCON                                                               "0,1% UNGUENTO" TUBO 30 G                                                    27341027                SCHERING PLOUGH

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             SPA                         

   ELOCON                                                               "0,1% CREMA"  TUBO 30 G                                                             27341015                SCHERING PLOUGH

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             SPA                         

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              PREDNICARBATO *                                                                D07AC18

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   DERMATOP                                                        CREMA TUBO 30 G.                                                                          29157017                AVENTIS PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   DERMATOP                                                        POMATA 30 G.                                                                                    29157029                AVENTIS PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   DERMATOP                                                        UNGUENTO 30 G.                                                                              29157031                AVENTIS PHARMA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   PRINCIPIO ATTIVO              TRIAMCINOLONE                                                                  D07AB09

  FARMACO                                    CONFEZIONE                                                   AIC               DITTA

   LEDERCORT                                                       "A/10" POMATA G 20                                                                       13973060                WYETH LEDERLE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       

   LEDERCORT                                                       "A/10" CREMA G 20                                                                           13973058                WYETH LEDERLE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.P.A.                       


Nota 89

Antistaminici

La prescrizione a carico del SSN, su diagnosi e piano terapeutico di strutture specialistiche delle Aziende Sanitarie, è limitata alla seguente condizione:

 

-          pazienti affetti da patologie su base allergica di grado medio e grave (rinocongiuntivite allergica stagionale, orticaria persistente non vasculitica) per trattamenti prolungati (superiori ai 60 giorni).

 

Motivazioni e criteri applicativi:

Le malattie allergiche costituiscono un serio problema sanitario sia per il costante e continuo incremento epidemiologico in Italia (i dati ISTAT si attestano attualmente sul 20% dell’intera popolazione) (1), sia per i risvolti farmaco-economici: i costi per il trattamento e le assenze lavorative e scolastiche (2, 3). Le forme perenni alterano significativamente la qualità di vita, addirittura tanto quanto l’asma lieve o moderata (4).

La rinite e la rinocongiuntivite allergica rappresentano il più importante fattore di rischio per lo sviluppo di asma bronchiale e spesso le due patologie sono associate. Un non adeguato trattamento delle vie aeree superiori comporta un insuccesso terapeutico nel paziente asmatico (5-7). Per questi motivi la rinite allergica deve essere considerata una patologia importante sia per le sue caratteristiche di cronicità sia per il fatto di essere un fattore aggravante l’asma. A tale proposito deve essere sottolineato lo stretto legame esistente tra la rinite allergica e la patologia asmatica: questo nesso è talmente cruciale che l’OMS ha stilato un documento che valuta appunto l’impatto della rinite allergica sull’asma (ARIA Document “Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma”) (8). Da tale documento emerge il concetto che la rinite allergica è caratterizzata da un processo infiammatorio strettamente dipendente dall’esposizione all’allergene causale, anche in assenza di sintomi. Si evince inoltre che un trattamento ottimale della rinite allergica può prevenire l’insorgenza di asma o migliorare l’asma coesistente (9). Il documento ARIA ha anche rivisitato la classificazione e i protocolli terapeutici della rinite allergica. La nuova classificazione è basata sulla durata dei sintomi e prevede due forme: intermittente e persistente. La seconda è caratterizzata dalla presenza di sintomi rinitici per più di quattro giorni alla settimana e per più di quattro settimane consecutive. A seconda dell’impatto sulle attività del soggetto, del senso di fastidio e delle ripercussioni sul sonno, la rinocongiuntivite allergica è riclassificata in base all’intensità dei sintomi in lieve e moderata grave. Il trattamento pertanto deve essere differenziato a seconda della forma e della gravità. Tale trattamento deve essere indirizzato verso obiettivi prioritari: l’antagonismo degli effetti indotti dai mediatori sugli organi bersaglio e la riduzione dell’accumulo delle cellule infiammatorie attivate (12, 13). In questa ottica, l’instamina costituisce il più importante mediatore patogenetico (14).

Gli antistaminici sono farmaci che esplicano il loro ruolo con differenti meccanismi tra i quali il principale è il blocco del recettore H1 per l’instamina. I farmaci di seconda generazione possiedono proprietà farmacologiche aggiunte che differiscono tra le diverse molecole (15- 20). In vitro sono in grado di bloccare il rilascio di mediatori da basofili e mastociti (21-26). Possono avere anche un effetto antinfiammatorio.

Gli antistaminici di seconda generazione si sono dimostrati più efficaci e accompagnati da minori effetti collaterali di sedazione rispetto a quelli di prima generazione, nonché da migliore compliance (monosomministrazione) (28- 32).

Nell’orticaria acuta e cronica sono efficaci sintomatici. Sono in grado di ridurre il numero, la dimensione e la durata delle lesioni cutanee negli episodi di orticaria (33-36). Nell’orticaria cronica si ottengono risultati migliori nella somministrazione continua rispetto a quella intermittente al bisogno (36). Nei casi di orticaria vasculitica la risposta agli antistaminici non è ottimale (31). Nella dermatite atopica non hanno effetto sul decorso della malattia (38, 39).

Le attuali evidenze non supportano l’uso di antistaminici nella terapia dell’asma (Gina 2001) (40). Gli antistaminici non sono indicati nel raffreddore comune sia in monoterapia sia associati a decongestionanti (Cochrane 2003) (41).

 

Bibliografia

1.        Verlato G, Corsico A, Villani S, Cerveri I, Migliore E, Accordino S, et al. Is the prevalence of adult asthma and allergic rhinitis still increasing? Results of an Italian study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 111:1232-8

2.        Dykewicz MS. Rhinitis and sinusitis. J. Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 111:s520-9

3.        Nasch DB, Sullivan SD, Mackowiak J Optimising quality of care and cost effectiveness in trating allergic thinitisi in a managed case setting. Am J Manag Care 2000; 6:3-15

4.        Meltzer EO. Quality of life in adults and children with allergic thinitis J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;108:S1.

5.        Togias A. Rhinitis and asthma: evidence for respiratory system integration. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;111:1171-83.

6.        Braunstahl GJ, Fokkens W. Nasal involvement in allergic asthma. Allergy 2003;58:1235-43

7.        Berger WE. Overview of allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003; 90 (S3):7-12

8.        Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberg P, Khaltaev N. Allergic rhinitis and ist impact on asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;108 (S5): 147-334.

9.        BousquetJ, Vignola AM, Demoly P. Links between rhinitis and asthma. Allergy 2003;58:691-706.

10.     Ciprandi G, Buscagli S, Pesce GP, et al. Minimal persistent infiammation is present at mucosal level in asymptomatic rhinitic patients with allergy due to mites. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1995;96:971-9.

11.     Ricca V, Landi M, Ferrero P, Bairo A, Tazzer C, Canonica GW, Ciprandi G. Minimal persistent infiammation is present also in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:54-7.

12.     Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberg P. Requirements for medications commonly used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2003;58:192-7.

13.     Howarth PH ABC of allergies: pathogenic mechanisms: a rational basis for treatment. BMJ 1998;316:758-61.

14.     Simons FE, Simons KJ Clinical pharmacology of H1-antihistamines. Clin Allergy Immunol 2002;17:141-178.

15.     Bousquet J, Campbell A, Michel F. Antiallergic activities of antiistamines. In: Church M, Rihouz J, editors. Therapeutic index of antihistamines, Lewiston NY. Hogrefe et Huber; 1992;57-95.

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SPECIALITà MEDICINALI

 

L’elenco è inserito nell’Allegato 4 al presente Decreto.